MITIGATE HEAT EXCHANGER BIO-FOULING WITH IODINE VAPOR INFUSION. THE RESULTS OF A TWO YEAR NAVY STUDY

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1 MITIGATE HEAT EXCHANGER BIO-FOULING WITH IODINE VAPOR INFUSION. THE RESULTS OF A TWO YEAR NAVY STUDY 19 th International Congress of Marine Corrosion and Fouling Florida Institute of Technology, Melbourne, Florida June 29, 2018 Michael Radicone I2 Air Fluid Innovation, Inc

2 BIO-FOULING AND MARINE HEAT EXCHANGERS HEAT EXCHANGERS ARE NECESSARY TO COOL FLUIDS SUCH AS AIR, ENGINE COOLANT, LUBRICANTS AND WATER AND USE SEAWATER AS THE HEAT TRANSFER AGENT. Cooling water back pressure Reduced heat transfer Surface corrosion Fuel and electric increase Increased CHG generation Excessive maintenance including back flushing Chemical and replacement costs RCRA regulated waste

3 EFFECT OF CONDENSER DEPOSIT THICKNESS (IN INCHES) OF SCALE ON HEAT TRANSFER EFFICIENCY DEPOSIT(INCHES) FOULING FACTOR* % EFF. LOSS INCREASED KWH GHG (CO2) OUTFALL**.01 (.25 MM) , METRIC TONS , METRIC TONS , METRIC TONS * COOLING TOWER INSTITUTE CTI PAPER NO. TP239A, FACILITIES ENGINEERING JOURNAL MARCH 2009 **EPA EMISSIONS FACTOR OF 7.18 X 10-4 METRIC TONS CO 2 / KWH THIS DOES NOT REFLECT THE COSTS ASSOCIATED WITH BIO-SLIME (WITH A THERMAL CONDUCTIVITY OF.6).

4 WHAT IS I 2 VAPOR INFUSION? A PATENTED PROCESS THAT SAFELY GENERATES ONLY ELEMENTAL IODINE VAPOR IN SCRUBBING TRANSITORY BUBBLES Vapor generation Bubble perfusion Microbial interaction THESE BUBBLES HAVE AN IODINE VAPOR CORE AND AQUEOUS ELEMENTAL IODINE SURFACE THAT PROVIDE; MICROBIAL INACTIVATION THROUGH VAPOR AND SURFACE CONTACT SCALE DISRUPTION THROUGH AIR SPARGING PREVENTION OF SEDIMENTARY ACTION AND INVERSE SOLUBILITY NO SIGNIFICANT INCREASE IN DISSOLVED OXYGEN

5 PRESENTING ELEMENTAL IODINE IN FOUR WAYS Fluid residual Nano bubbles Aqueous bubble surface contact Vaporous contact I 2 Air Fluid Innovation, Inc. All rights reserved.

6 THE BUBBLE PROVIDES A TARGETED VEHICLE THAT IS SEGREGATED FROM THE FLUID VOLUME MAKING IT LESS AFFECTED BY ORGANIC MATTER, TURBIDITY, AND TEMPERATURE THUS FORMING LESS DISINFECTION BYPRODUCTS. Direct fluid infusion, 90 second, wastewater, Pullman, WA wastewater treatment plant Raw Wastewater Untreated I2 Bubbling LOG Change Average Change A B C

7 WASHINGTON STATE UNIVERSITY TESTING PROVES I 2 VAPOR INFUSION IS AN EFFECTIVE BIOCIDE AGAINST PATHOGENIC MICROBES Inoculated distilled water infused for 90 seconds. I 2 Air Fluid Innovation, Inc. All rights reserved.

8 THE PAUL ALLEN SCHOOL I 2 VAPOR INFUSION EFFECTIVELY PENETRATES BIO-FILMS Biofilms grown on glass tubes 90 sec infusion scraped films and cultured 8 I 2 Air Fluid Innovation, Inc. All rights reserved.

9 SEAWATER FOULING, PROOF OF CONCEPT. NELHA, KONA, HAWAII Seawater flow tubes 45 days without infusion Seawater flow tubes 45 days with infusion

10 US NAVY TEST SHIP EX. PAUL FOSTER, VENTURA, CALIFORNIA COMPARATIVE SHELL/TUBE HEAT EXCHANGERS. ONE INFUSED, THE OTHER NOT- USING A 50/50 DUTY USE CYCLE TYPICAL TREATMENT: PROJECT INVESTIGATION: BACK FLUSHING AS REQUIRED, ACID WASH EVERY 3 MONTHS COMPARATIVE LENGTH OF TIME BETWEEN CLEANINGS OF INFUSED AND NON INFUSED EXCHANGERS TOTAL IODINE CONTENT IN HX EFFLUENT UNDER 200 PPB METAL ION ELUTION CHANGE IN EFFLUENT WATER PROFILE SUCCESS CRITERIA: INCREASED TIME BETWEEN CLEANINGS BY 50% OR 4.5 MONTHS, UNDER 200 PPB IODINE* LOW METAL ION INDICATION IN HX EFFLUENT

11 Temperature in degrees F; Pressure in psi 11 Infused HX system pressure and temperature Infused exchanger was used 85% of the time No change in temp and pressures after acid clean Typical time to acid clean Desired goal 50% Results 300% Infused Non infused 11 System secured I 2 Air Fluid Innovation, Inc. All rights reserved.

12 Infused HX effluent from test ship There was a total rise in all iodine compounds during infusion of only 35 ppb. Cu Ug/l Pb Ug/l Ni Ug/l Ti Ug/l Zn Ug/l I2 Total DO Ug/l ph Infused.04 <.05 < < ppb Non- Infused.05 <.05 < < ppb Infusion duration is only minutes per hour. Configured to infuse based on regulations. Only 9 grams of iodine per system per month was used. A fleet of 10 ships with 3 devices each would use only 24 pounds of iodine a year. 1 X 10 X 3 X 30 X 12 = 10,800 gm or 24 lb./yr

13 NESDI TOXICITY STUDY, PEARL HARBOR, HI TROPICAL COLLECTOR URCHIN FERTILIZATION TEST METHOD developed by Amy Wagner, U.S. EPA Iodine represents significantly less toxicity Fq Labs, Hawaii. 13

14 CHLORINE VS. IODINE (AQUEOUS) Chlorine Iodine LOEC* (lowest observable effect concentration) TROPICAL COLLECTOR URCHIN FERTILIZATION TEST METHOD NOEC* (no observable effect concentration) TROPICAL COLLECTOR URCHIN FERTILIZATION TEST METHOD Gamete effect post LOEC* 100% inactivation-0% viable Declining -60% viable EPA Seawater Discharge Limit 7.5 to 13 ppb No discharge limit Persistence/ Natural Organic Matter* Initial.336 ppm after 4 hours-.085 ppm 76% depletion Active species at 7.5 ph 48% 92% Initial 1.2 ppm after 72 hours-.89 ppm 26% depletion Oxidation potential I 2 Air Fluid Innovation, Inc. All rights reserved. * Toxicity study, Pearl Harbor

15 CRUISE SHIP PLATE ENGINE COOLER The only bio-fouling after 6 months No bio-fouling after 6 months I 2 Air Fluid Innovation, Inc. All rights reserved.

16 SIMPLE INTEGRATION, SIMPLE OPERATION Copyright 2014 HTRI. All rights reserved

17 Nano bubble clouds Seawater piping Undersea structures Mineral and sedimentary fouling Shipboard sewage treatment Additional vapor treatments