To be published in: Proceedings of the 22nd European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, June 2014, Hamburg. Germany

Transcription

1 DEVELOPMENT OF A NEW TYPE TEST METHOD FOR RESIDENTIAL WOOD COMBUSTION (RWC) APPLIANCES FOCUSING ON REAL LIFE OPERATION G. Reichert, C. Schmidl, S. Aigenbauer, F. Figl, W. Moser, H. Stressler, W. Haslinger BIOENERGY 2020+, Area Small-Scale Combustion Systems Gewerbepark Haag 3, 3250 Wieselburg-Land, Austria ABSTRACT: Since batch-wise operated biomass roomheaters are claimed to cause high amounts of gaseous and particulate emissions effective measures for a reduction of these emissions especially in real life operation have to be implemented in the future. For a verification of the real life operation performance as well as for a better product differentiation of biomass room heating appliances on the market advanced testing methods will be necessary in the future. Therefore a new test method for roomheaters called Stove Testing 2020 (ST2020) was developed. According to the new test method the emission and efficiency performance of roomheaters is determined under operating conditions that are closer to real life. Compared to the existing EN standard also transient combustion phases are included. For a final evaluation of the test method the reproducibility as well as the real life relevance was analysed by a Round-Robin-Test as well as by field tests. The results showed sufficient reproducibility as well as a high real life relevance of the ST2020 test method. However, due to the strong impact of user behavior on emission and efficiency performance in real life operation further technological improvements of biomass roomheaters have to be strongly supported by effective measures to guarantee a correct operation. Keywords: roomheater, test method, firewood combustion, emissions, efficiency 1 INTRODUCTION & OBJECTIVES Since the combustion of wood is regarded as CO 2 neutral the utilization of wooden resources for energy production especially for heat demand plays a major roll for achieving the European targets. The most widespread residential wood combustion appliances are several types of room heating appliances for direct room heating like open fireplaces, closed fireplaces, insets, roomheaters and cookers operated with firewood. In Europe the stock of these direct room heating appliances was estimated to be more than 65 million appliances (status in 2007). The annual sale for firewood room heating appliances in Europe was quantified to be nearly 3.5 million appliances per year (status in 2007) [1]. However, batch-wise operated firewood room heating appliances have been identified to cause high amounts of gaseous as well as particulate emissions which can seriously affect public health [2, 3, 4, 5]. Especially particulate emissions have become an important topic in the European Union since several studies present a regular violation of the European thresholds for PM10 in ambient air [6, 7]. Consequently, public authorities in the Member States are forced to implement effective emission reduction measures especially for particulate matter emissions. Prohibition as the most effective measure, however, is clearly in conflict with the targets of the European Union. Therefore, there is a need to understand the reasons for the currently high emission level of batch-wise operated firewood room heating appliances in real life operation and consequently for implementation of effective prevention and/or reduction measures. Emissions of batch-wised operated firewood room heating appliances consist mainly of gaseous (CO, OGC, PAHs) and carbonaceous particulate emissions like condensed organic compounds and soot. These emissions result due to incomplete combustion processes [2, 8]. Beside technological reasons also the operating conditions as well as the user behavior play a major roll for incomplete combustion processes related to high fractions of harmful gaseous and particulate emissions in real life operation. The current standard type test methods for firewood room heating appliances do not sufficiently reflect real life operating conditions as well as the user behavior in their testing procedure. This leads to type testing results of emissions and efficiency that are only reachable under optimal operation, but that are far away from real life operation performance [9, 10]. However, there is the political requirement that advanced standard type testing of biomass room heating appliances should be closer to real life operation in the future in order to enable more reliable predictions of emission and efficiency performance in real life operation [11]. In the project Stove Testing 2020 a new test method for firewood roomheaters that are tested according to EN 13240:AC:2003 standard (EN 13240) was developed. The new test method strongly focuses on real life operation. Beside the real life relevance also the reproducibility and the consistent data analysis of the new test method should be guaranteed in order to enable the usage of the test results as an authentic criterion for real life performance as well as for the product quality. However, the new test method should keep to the specifications of the current standard type test as good as possible. For demonstration of the real life relevance as well as for a final assessment and evaluation of the new test method Stove Testing 2020 (ST2020) field and lab tests were performed. In detail these tests aimed at the following objectives: Evaluation of the reproducibility of the ST2020 test method by a Round-Robin-Test. Evaluation of the real life relevance of the ST2020 method by comparative field tests. Comparative analysis of the results of the best batch measured in real life operation with the results of the respective type test results according to EN standard. 2 APPROACH & METHODOLOGY The test procedure as well as the measurement methods of the ST2020 test method were elaborated and defined by a strong cooperation of the project consortium. The

2 project consortium consisted of three RTD and four company partners and was supported via a strategy board by political stakeholders and representatives of different testing institutes and the Austrian chimney sweeper association. The most relevant steps during the development process of the new test method were the performance of a survey to investigate the user behavior and long term field tests to investigate real life operating conditions (e.g. chimney draught) of firewood roomheaters [10]. These measurements were complemented by comparative test series in the lab and in the field in order to assess the real life relevance of different measurement methods and testing conditions. Further the influence of user behavior as well as the operating conditions regarding emissions and efficiency was evaluated. Additionally a web-based data evaluation tool for a standardized data analysis and data documentation of the new test method ST2020 was developed and tested. At the end the final test method ST2020 was defined and evaluated by a Round-Robin-Test and comparative lab and field test. 2.1 Test procedure of ST2020 test method According to the ST2020 test method five successively batches are performed starting from cold conditions. Thereby the stove is lighted using an ignition batch followed by four consecutive batches. Generally, the operation of the appliance is defined by a Quick-User-Guide that was developed within the project. Figure 1 shows an example of a Quick-User- Guide (English translation). Figure 1: Example of a Quick-User-Guide for operation of firewood roomheaters This Quick-User-Guide is provided to the user by the manufacturer and defines relevant operation characteristics of the specific roomheater regarding maintenance before heating, requirements and dimensions of the used firewood, mode of ignition, recharging of a new fuel batch and adjustments of combustion air supply dampers during heating operation as well as when finishing the heating operation. All described parameters are also illustrated by suitable pictures of the respective appliance. The manufacturer information provided with this Quick-User-Guide is not only for end-users but is also the basis for operating the appliance during the ST2020 test day. Based on the results of the user survey a test batch is terminated when the flames are extinguished [10]. During testing according to ST2020 test method this qualitative parameter is defined by a CO 2 content of 25 vol.-% of maximum measured CO 2 content of the respective batch. If the CO 2 content in the flue gas is higher than 16 vol.-% during the batch the recharging CO 2 content is defined at 4 vol.-%. The flue gas draught is defined at a constant level of 12 ± 1Pa for each batch. The test facility is consistent to the requirements of EN standard. The damper settings of the appliance for adjustment of the combustion air supply can be adjusted once at the beginning of the second or third batch after heating up the appliance. As fuel firewood according to EN have to be used. At least half of the used firewood pieces have to offer only two cleaved areas and subsequently some amount of bark. The moisture content of used firewood is defined to be between 8 and 16 ma.-%. For determination of the emission and efficiency performance gaseous and particulate emissions as well as efficiency is measured. The determination of particulate matter emissions is done in batch 1 (ignition batch), batch 3 and batch 5 by gravimetric out-stack-particle measurement. The PM sampling started just before the combustion chamber door is opened for lighting or recharging a new fuel batch. The PM sampling is terminated when the CO 2 content of flue gas that defines recharging of the next fuel batch is reached. The particles are retained by stuffed quartz cartridges (3.0 ± 0.5 g quartz wool per cartridge) that are conditioned before and after measurement 1 h in a drying oven at 160 C and subsequently cooled down for at least 8 h in a desiccator. The sampling nozzle diameter is defined at 12 mm and is placed central in the flue gas pipe. The sampling rate is determined at 600 ± 10 % liters per hour (STP). The sampling line is heated at 160 C. Finally, the conditioned unloaded and loaded filters are weighed on a precision balance with a accuracy of at least ± 0.1 mg). All three PM measurements are summarized and one PM emission result value is calculated. The gas analysis of CO and CO 2 has to fulfill the requirements of accuracy according to the current EN standard. For OGC measurement a FID is used with a sampling line that is heated up at 160 C. The efficiency is determined indirect according to EN standard. However, all measurements of gaseous emissions as well as of the flue gas temperature are used for calculation of emission and efficiency performance of one test day. Therefore the result of one test day is expressed by time weighed average results. These results include all measurements of five batches for gaseous emissions as well as for efficiency and the PM emission measurements of batch 1, batch 3 and batch 5. Figure 2

3 illustrates the test and measurement procedure of the ST2020 test method. Figure 3: Test equipment for tightness determination Figure 2: Scheme of test procedure according to the ST2020 test method The data evaluation as well as the calculation of the final test results is done with a web-based standardized calculation tool. Therefore the data of the test day have to be transferred and uploaded to the calculation tool. Subsequently for each relevant parameter one daily average result value is calculated. For determination of final emission and efficiency performance a timeweighted daily average value is calculated. 2.2 Round-Robin Tests The Round-Robin-Test was done by two accredited testing institutes using three different firewood roomheaters. All used roomheaters can be operated as roomsealed appliances. Table I shows the nominal heat load as well as standard type test results of the three different roomheaters. The test facility was established according to EN standard. Each testing institute used its own measurement equipment for determination of gaseous and particulate emissions. Thereby gas analyzers for CO and O 2 / CO 2 were used. Organic gaseous components (OGC) were measured using flame ionization detectors (FID). Particulate emissions (PM) were measured gravimetrically using stuffed quartz cartridges according to the method defined by the test method ST Field tests The field tests were done with three different firewood roomheaters. Thereby identically constructed roomheaters compared to the Round-Robin-Test were used. However, it was not the same appliances as used in the Round-Robin-Test. For each roomheater three test days were performed with beech firewood as fuel. The operation was done according to the specifications defined in the Quick-User-Guide using five batches per test day (see 2.1). The test facility was adapted to real life testing conditions and is illustrated in Figure 4. Table I: Overview of used roomheaters Roomheater A B C Nominal heat load (kw) Results of standard type test (mg/m³ N; dry; 13 vol.-% O 2) CO OGC PM η (%) The roomheaters were operated according to a Quick- User-Guide which was developed in the project and defined by the manufacturer of the relevant stove. Three test days with five batches per test day were performed with each roomheater at both testing institutes. The beech firewood used for the Round-Robin-Test was provided by each testing institute. In order to guarantee equal testing conditions and to identify any changes or damages due to the transport etc. the tightness was determined at each testing institute before testing by measuring the leakage rate. For determination of the tightness an overpressure in the combustion chamber of 5 and 10 Pa was applied and the leakage rate was determined. Figure 3 shows the test equipment for tightness determination of the appliances. Figure 4: Scheme of test facility used for the field tests The measurements were done under natural draught conditions. The flue gas temperature for indirect efficiency determination was measured central in the flue gas pipe. For determination of CO, and O 2 a gas analyzer (Rbr-Ecom J2KN pro ) was used. For OGC measurement a FID (M&A Thermo-FID PT63LT) was used. PM emissions were measured gravimetrically using stuffed quartz cartridges according to the test method ST2020. Before the measurements in the field also the tightness of

4 each roomheater was determined (see Fig. 1). 2.4 Calculation of real life factors Real life factors were calculated in order to enable a comparative assessment of the real life relevance of the new test method ST2020 and the current standard type test method EN for firewood roomheaters. Using these factors the differences between the performance in the field under real life conditions and the performance in the lab under testing conditions of the respective test method was quantified. Since the current standard type test represents only best operation the results of the best batch with the lowest emissions measured in the field are compared to the results declared by the standard type test results according to EN standard. This real life factor is calculated according to equation 1. bars represent the standard deviation of the test results of each testing institute. Figure 6: Round-Robin-Test results for CO emissions Equation 1: Calculation of real life factor f EN13240 for comparison of test results according to the EN standard with the best field test results. For comparison of real life relevance of the new test method ST2020 the time-weighed daily average test result of the Round-Robin-Tests are compared with the results of the time-weighed daily test results of the field tests according to equation 2. Figure 7: Round-Robin-Test results for OGC emissions Equation 2: Calculation of real life factor f ST2020 for comparison of ST2020 test results and field test results. A factor of 1 defines 100% conformity of the results in the lab and the results in the field. Real life factors higher than 1 indicate higher emissions in the field under real life conditions whereas a real life factor lower than 1 indicate higher values in the lab under testing conditions. Figure 5 shows calculation examples for CO emissions for both real life factors f EN13240 and f ST2020. Figure 8: Round-Robin-Test results for PM emissions Figure 5: Examples of real life factors calculated according to equation 1 and equations 2. 3 RESULTS & DISCUSSION 3.1 Round-Robin Tests Figure 6 to Figure 9 present exemplary the Round- Robin-Test results of roomheater B of both testing institutes for CO, OGC, PM and efficiency. The error Figure 9: Round-Robin-Test results for efficiency determination The roomheater was operated according to the information of the manufacturer provided in the Quick- User-Guide. The measurements of all Round-Robin-Test days were done according to the ST2020 test method. In

5 Table 2 the results of the Round-Robin-Test of all three roomheaters are summarized according to each testing institute. Beside the absolute level of the measurements the standard deviations can be seen as a quality criterion for the reproducibility of the test method. Table II: Overview of Round-Robin-Test results (St. dev. standard deviation, n number of test days, Ø arithmetic mean) Part A Room heater Testing institute I (n = 3) Ø of test days St. dev. (%) Testing institute II (n = 3) Ø of test days St. dev. (%) Parameter A CO 3017 ± ± 4 B (mg/m n ³, 2150 ± ± 29 C O ± ± 19 A OGC 217 ± ± 29 B (mg/m n ³, 131 ± ± 31 C O ± ± 10 A PM 43 ± 8 43 ± 19 B (mg/m n ³, 29 ± ± 23 C O ± ± 14 A 69 ± 1 71 ± 0 B η (%) 80 ± 1 76 ± 2 C 73 ± 3 73 ± 0 Part B Testing institute I & II (n=6) Room Parameter Ø of test days St. dev. (%) heater A CO 2843 ± 14 B (mg/m n ³, 2279 ± 16 C O ± 17 A OGC 203 ± 23 B (mg/m n ³, 157 ± 31 C O ± 42 A PM 43 ± 13 B (mg/m n ³, 26 ± 26 C O ± 13 A 70 ± 2 B η (%) 78 ± 3 C 73 ± 2 The best reproducibility is evident for the efficiency determination. The measured average efficiency of testing institute I and II was between 69 % and 80 %. The highest difference of efficiency determination is obviously for roomheater B (testing institute I: 80 %, testing institute II: 76 %). When comparing the whole six test days of both testing institutes the efficiency ranged between 70 % and 78 %. Here the standard deviation ranged for both testing institutes between 0 % and 3 % of all test days. Generally the efficiency determination indicated good reproducible test results. The average PM emission level measured by both testing institutes was between 23 mg/m n ³ and 43 mg/m n ³. For roomheater A and C a very good conformity of the test results is evident. Thereby none (roomheater A) or only marginal differences (roomheater C) were determined. Regarding roomheater C the highest difference of 8 mg/m n ³ was determined. However, the test results of PM measurements show a good conformity between both testing institutes as well as also comparative low standard deviations. When comparing all six test days of the three roomheaters of both testing institutes the standard deviations for PM measurements were between 13 % and 26 %. The test results of CO emission measurements for all three roomheaters were between 2150 mg/m n ³ and 3508 mg/m n ³. The standard deviation for CO emission test results ranged from 4 % to 20 % for testing institute I and 4 % to 29 % for testing institute II. However, for roomheater C a significant difference in the measured CO emission test results is evident. The measurements of testing institute I resulted in a CO emission test result of 3508 mg/m n ³ (St. dev. 4 %) whereas the measurements of testing institute II resulted in a CO emission test result of only 2601 mg/m n ³ (St. dev. 19 %). This difference indicates better combustion conditions at testing institute II. When comparing all test results of both testing institutes the CO emissions were measured with standard deviations of 14 % to 17 % at absolute test results between 2843 mg/m n ³ to 3055 mg/m n ³. Generally the reproducibility of CO emission test results according to ST2020 test method is satisfactory for roomheater A and B. Subsequently a sufficiently exact determination of test results for CO emissions according to the new test method ST2020 seems to be possible. The OGC test results show the highest discrepancies as well as standard deviations of the both testing institutes. For testing institute I the standard deviations for OGC test results range from 14 % to 20 % (OGC emission test results: 131 mg/m n ³ to 268 mg/m n ³) whereas for testing institute II the OGC test results were determined with standard deviations between 10 % and 29 % at absolute OGC emission test results of 125 mg/m n ³ to 188 mg/m n ³. Also for roomheater C the OGC test results differ significantly between both testing institutes. However, also for roomheater A and B the differences between the testing institutes are unexpectedly high. When comparing all available OGC test results the standard deviations ranged from 23 % to 42 %. Potential reasons for this unsatisfactory result could be the influence of the used firewood and the instant of time of ignition of the fuel batch. Additionally also differences in the operating of the measurement devices (e.g. calibration procedure, kind of combustion gas and operating temperatures of the FID, crosssensitivity of measurements with oxygen level) might be potential reasons for the comparative high differences in the measured OGC test results as well as standard deviations. Generally the assessment of reproducibility in the performed Round-Robin-Test showed sufficient reproducibility for test results of CO, PM and efficiency according to the ST2020 test method. However, the test results regarding OGC emissions in this Round-Robin- Test showed unsatisfactory results regarding reproducibility. Therefore the measurement procedure of OGC emissions has to be reviewed in order to reach more reproducible test results. The findings of all three roomheaters showed that the efficiency could be measured with the best reproducibility (St. dev. 0 % to 3 %), followed by the CO emission measurement (St. dev. 14 % to 17 %), the PM emission measurement (St.

6 dev. 13 % to 26 %) and finally by OGC emission measurement (St. dev. 23 % to 42 %). Generally the used firewood as well as the operation behavior of the testing person influenced the testing results. This parameters are expected to have the main influence on the different test results between the both testing institutes. The importance of tightness determination of the testing appliances was an additional output of the Round-Robin- Test. By tightness determination damages or changes of the testing appliances have been identified and repaired. This enabled consistent product quality and equal testing conditions at each testing institute. Finally, to proof the reproducibility a further Round-Robin-Test with more than two testing institutes is recommended. 3.2 Field Tests Figure 10 presents the results of field tests. The measurement and data analysis was done in the same way as in the Round-Robin-Tests according to the ST2020 test method. However, the error bars represent the minimum and maximum results of the field test results. 97 mg/m n ³ for the three roomheaters. The efficiencies determined under field testing conditions ranged from 64 % to 73 %. Generally the emission results of field tests were higher compared to the test results of the Round-Robin- Test measured under lab testing conditions. Also the efficiency results were lower compared to the lab tests in the frame of the Round-Robin-Test. The main reasons for the higher emission test results and lower efficiencies might be due to the specific real life operating conditions, the used firewood as well as the operation behavior of the testing person. Also the influence of the appliance which was the same type but not the same appliance as used in the Round-Robin-Test as well as the measurement set up which was adapted to real life conditions might have influenced the emission and efficiency performance. A detailed comparison of field test results and lab test results regarding the real life relevance of the new ST2020 test method is given in the following section of the paper. 3.3 Real life relevance of Stove testing 2020 method For an assessment of real life relevance specific factors between field and lab were calculated (see 2.3). Table 4 shows the real life factors for CO, OGC and PM emissions as well as for the efficiency. Table IV: Overview of real life factors f EN13240 and f ST2020 (see Equation 1 and 2) for each roomheater as well as means of real life factors of all three roomheaters Figure 10: Field test results regarding CO, OGC, PM and efficiency Table 3 presents the absolute values of the field test results. Additionally the average measured flue gas draught as well as the height of the respective chimney for each roomheater is given. Table III: Overview of field test results Roomheater A B C Number of test days Chimney height (m) Average flue gas draught (Pa) CO (mg/m n ³, O 2 13 OGC (mg/m n ³, O 2 13 PM (mg/m n ³, O 2 13 η (%) The field tests were done under natural draft conditions. The average flue gas draught ranged between 14 Pa and 31 Pa. The test results for CO emissions ranged between 1952 mg/m n ³ and 3347 mg/m n ³, the OGC field test results were between 162 mg/m n ³ and 401 mg/m n ³. The measurements and analysis of PM emissions resulted in field test results of 66 mg/m n ³ to Roomheater Parameter f ST2020 f EN13240 A CO B 0.9 1,5 C A OGC B C A PM B C A η B C Arithmetic means of real life factors of all three roomheaters A, B, C CO A, B, C OGC A, B, C PM A, B, C η The real life factor f EN13240 represents the difference of the best possible operation under real life operation conditions and under standard type testing conditions. Therefore the results of the best batch in real life operation were compared to the standard type test results of the respective type of appliance. The real life factor f ST2020 represents the difference of real life operation under field testing conditions compared to operation under lab testing conditions. Therefore the test results of operation according to the Quick-User-Guide in the lab (Round-Robin-Test) as well as in the field (field tests) are used for calculation of the real life factor f ST2020. The real life factors f EN13240 of the used roomheaters for CO emissions are between 1.5 and 3.5, for OGC emissions around 2.4, for PM emissions from 1.5 to 4.0

7 and for the efficiency 0.8. The arithmetic mean of the calculated real life factors f EN13240 for CO is 2.3, for OGC emissions 2.4, for PM emissions 2.7 and for the efficiency 0.8. The real life factors f ST2020 for CO emissions are between 0.9 and 1.2, for OGC emissions between 1.0 and 2.0, for PM emissions the real life factors range from 1.9 to 2.8 and representing the efficiency performance the f ST2020 is around 0.9. The arithmetic mean of the calculated real life factors f ST2020 for CO is 1.0, for OGC emissions 1.6, for PM emissions 2.3 and for the efficiency 0.9. Generally the real life factors for f EN13240 show a higher variability ( ) compared to the real life factors f ST2020 ( ). The real life factors f ST2020 indicate a good real life relevance, especially for CO emissions. Compared to the real life factors f EN13240 the new test method ST2020 shows a better real life relevance even when only best operation performance of field tests are compared to the results of the current standard type test EN This is illustrated by the real life factors f ST2020 that are closer to 1 for all measured test results. Subsequently the new ST2020 test method is able to give more realistic real life related testing results including also the lighting and preheating process. 4 SUMMARY & CONCLUSIONS A new test method for firewood roomheaters called Stove Testing 2020 (ST2020) was developed. The main target of the new test method was the strong real life operation focus which means that the test results should reflect real life performance as good as possible. According to the new test method 5 consecutive batches have to be performed starting with an ignition batch. The operation during the testing procedure of the roomheater is defined by a Quick-User-Guide that is handed out by the manufacturer. In the Quick-User-Guide all relevant characteristics regarding the operating procedure are illustrated by written advices that are additionally illustrated with pictures (e.g. mode of ignition, air damper settings, mode of fuel placement in the combustion chamber). The gaseous emissions (CO, OGC, PM) and efficiency (η) performance is calculated as a daily test result using all measurements of the test cycle. Also the PM emissions are given as daily test results. However, the PM sampling is done only during batch 1, batch 3 and batch 5 over the whole batch duration. The standardized data analysis and the calculation of the test results is done by a web-based calculation tool which was also developed within the project Stove Testing The reproducibility of the new ST2020 test method was evaluated by a Round-Robin-Test using three different roomheaters of three manufacturers. The Round-Robin- Tests were performed at two accredited testing institutes. Generally, the results of the Round-Robin-Test showed that the new test method enables sufficiently reproducible test results. However, it seems that the OGC measurement using FID measurement equipment might lead to unsatisfactorily high deviations of the test results. Therefore the OGC measurement procedure of the test method should be reviewed in order to find the reasons for the comparatively high deviations. The real life relevance of the new test method ST2020 was assessed by a comparative analysis of test results according to the testing procedure of the new test method ST2020 under field testing conditions as well as under lab testing conditions. Therefore the Round-Robin- Test results were compared to field test results which were measured in real life operation at the same types of roomheaters that were used in the Round-Robin-Test. The results show a good real life relevance of the new test method which means that the test results of the lab are close to the test results in the field. This was quantified by a real life factor (f ST2020 ) indicating the difference of test results in the lab with the test results in the field. For a comparative assessment of real life relevance of the current standard type test EN and the new test method ST2020 a second real life factor (f EN13240 ) was defined indicating the difference of the results of the best batch in the field with the results of the standard type test. This comparative assessment showed that the new test method is closer to real life performance even when only best possible operation performance in the field is compared to the standard type test results according to the EN test standard. Consequently it is evident that the new test method ST2020 is able to reflect real life operation performance much better than the current standard type test results do. However, it has to be mentioned that the influence of the user behavior remains an important influencing parameter for emission and efficiency performance of manually operated roomheaters in real life operation performance. Therefore beside further technological development measures the improvement of the user behavior by effective measures is a very important step to improve the real life operation performance of roomheaters significantly. Only the combination of high quality products with implemented primary and perhaps also suitable secondary measures together with a rising of awareness of users regarding the importance of environmental friendly operation will lead to a further improvement of real life operation performance. For evaluation as well as for demonstration of real life operation impact suitable test methods focusing strongly on real life operation have to be applied. This will also lead to a better quality transparency of products on the market and will strengthen the further development process of new technologies towards low emissions and high efficiency performance. Finally it can be concluded that advanced type testing methods focusing strongly on real life operation supports biomass room heating appliances reaching future market and legal requirements. 5 OUTLOOK The idea of the project Stove Testing 2020 was the basement for a new European project bereal Advanced Testing Methods for better Real Life Performance of Biomass Room Heating Appliances. This project started in October 2013 in the 7 th framework of the European Union. The project aims at the development of an advanced testing method focusing strongly on real life operating conditions for firewood room heating appliances according to EN and EN standard. Further also a real life test method for pellet stoves according to EN will be developed. Finally the testing methods will be implemented in a new quality label. More details of the bereal project as well as intermediate results are available on the project webpage

8 6 REFERENCES [1] EC DG TREN, Preparatory Studies for Eco-Design Requirements of EuPs (II) Lot 15 Solid Fule Small Combustion Appliances - Task 2: Economic and Market Analysis, 2009 [2] C. Schmidl, M. Luisser, E. Padouvas, L. Lasselsberger, M. Rzaca, C. Ramirez-Santa Cruz, M. Handler, H. Bauer, H. Puxbaum, Particulate and gaseous emissions from manually and automatically fired small scale combustion systems, Atmospheric Environment 45 (2011) [3] L.S. Bäfver, B. Leckner, C. Tullin, M. Berntsen, Particle emissions from pellets stoves and modern and old-type wood stoves, Biomass and Bioenergy 25 (2011), [4] A.K. Bølling, J. Pagels, K.E. Yttri, L. Barregard, G. Sallsten, P.E Schwarze, C. Boman, Health effects of residential wood smoke particles: the importance of combustion conditions and physochemical particle properties, Particle and Fibre Toxicology 6, [5] J. Kelz, I. Obernberger, P. Javala, M.-R. Hirvonen, PM emissions from old and modern biomass combustion systems and their health effects, Proceedings of the 18 th European Biomass Conference and Exhibition, Lyon, France, May 2010, [6] K.X. Querol,, A. Alastuey, C.R. Ruiz, B. Artin ano, H.C. Hansson, R.M. Harrison, E. Buringh, H.M. ten Brink, M. Lutz, P. Bruckmann, P. Straehl, J. Schneider, Speciation and origin of PM10 and PM2.5 in selected European cities, Atmospheric Environment 38 (2004), [7] A. Caseiro, H. Bauer, C. Schmidl, C.A. Pio, H. Puxbaum, Wood burning impact on PM10 in three Austrian regions, Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009) [8] E. Pettersson, C. Boman, R. Westerholm, D. Boström, A. Nordin, Stove Performance and Emission Characteristics in residential Wood Log and Pellet Combustion, Part 2: Wood stove, Energy Fuels 2011, 25, [9] S. Ozgen, S. Caserini, S. Galante, M. Giugliano, E. Angelino, A. Marongiu, F. Hugony, G. Migliavacca, C. Morreale, Emission factors from small scale appliances burning wood and pellets, Atmospheric Environment 94 (2014) [10]G. Reichert, C. Schmidl, W. Haslinger, W. Moser, S. Aigenbauer, F. Figl, M. Wöhler, Investigation of user behavior and operating conditions of residential wood combustion (RWC) appliances and their impact on emissions and efficiency, Proceedings of 4 th Central European Biomass Conference, Graz, Austria, January 2014 [11]EC, 2012: Draft Minutes-Meeting on Emission measurement methods for solid fuel Local Space Heaters, Brussels, 17 December 2012 contributions and their support. The study was done in the project Stove Testing 2020 that was financial supported by the Austrian Climate and Energy Fund in the frame of the New Energy Projects of the Austrian Research Promotion Agency (FFG project ). 8 LOGO SPACE 7 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The project Stove Testing 2020 was the follow-up of the project New Stoves We would like to thank the involved company partners as well as the scientific partners for their efforts and the good cooperation. Further we would like to thank the representatives of the strategy board for their