Integrated Water Resources Management

Transcription

1 Integrated Water Resources Management Joop Kroes Alterra Wageningen University & ResearchCentre Tjele, Denmark, September 2003

2 Overview Ecohydrology Agrohydrology Irrigation/drainage SWAP - core Nutrient studies Knowledge transfer Pesticide studies Integrated modelling Framework - FIW/SRW Regional modelling (Aquarius, Simgro, LGM, Nagrom ) Metamodelling

3 Overview SWAP - core

4 SWAP - core 25 yrs history water flow solute flow heat flow surface water soil heterogeneity preferential flow swelling/shrinking hysteresis

5 SWAP - core - current activities SWE measured SWE calculated Version timing, logistics SWE [cm] snow and frost Precipitation 25 T 10 measured 20 T 9 calculated Snowmelt Snow layer Soil layers Transport of water and heat -25

6 SWAP - core - current activities evapotranspiration according to FAO56 (1999) macro pore flow Variabel crack volume + permanent macropore volume partitioned over: Internal Catchment domain I c2 I c1 I Main Bypass Flow domain E q unslif q crdr q intfl Layer of low permeability (plough pan) Macropore- Water level quality (ISO,CMM,GMP) GMP: q dr q b q satlif Groundwater level Permanent macropores rojects/gmp.htm

7 Overview Agrohydrology SWAP - core

8 agrohydrology Soil water balance and crop growth Irrigation scheduling, salinity and drainage Optimization of monitoring programs Water quantity and quality management Sensitivity analysis of parameters and processes

9 agrohydrology Optimization of surface water management at field scale

10 Overview SWAP - core Nutrient studies

11 Linked to nutrient model Field scale validations nutrient studies deposition fertilization NH 3 -volatilization denitrification surface runoff Surface waters crop uptake waterlevel leaching - cycles: org. matter, N, P - mineralization, sorption, denitrification, crop uptake - inluenced by moisture, ph, aeration, temperature leaching leaching Groundwater - transport of NO 3 -N, NH 4 -N, org-n, PO 4 -P, org-p

12 nutrient studies Parameterised and applied at national scale - NL Analysis of Fertilizer Strategies ( ) Nitrogenius ( )

13 nutrient studies Current application at EU - level - several catchments (EuroHarP) ( and ) Nutrient Soil water & Surface water Surface water processes temperature quantity quality & leaching Fertilisation Evapotranspiration Precipitation Wet+dry atmospheric input Wet+dry atmospheric input Crop uptake Precipitation surface runoff Evapotranspiration surface runoff +erosion SWAP ANIMO SWQN SWQL Infiltration Infiltration Drainage Drainage Upward Seepage Seepage Downward seepage Leaching DEM and Landuse from satellite images Meteo from stations

14 Overview SWAP - core Pesticide studies

15 pesticide studies Integrated with PEARL model (RIVM-Alterra) field and regional scale NL and EU - pesticide registration policy

16 Overview SWAP - core Metamodelling

17 metamodelling (linear) regression models hydrology: h = f (precip,soil) Y R 2 = nutrient-leaching = f (h, fertilization, landuse, ) X applied by various institutes, e.g.: Stowa (Waternood) Alterra (WaterWijs) current work: based on (national) datasets using database and statistic package R

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25 Overview SWAP - core Regional modelling (Aquarius, Simgro, LGM, Nagrom )

26 Regional modelling (Aquarius, Simgro, LGM, Nagrom ) Integrated with Aquarius Linked with SOBEK (Rural Rainfall Run-off module)

27 Regional modelling (Aquarius, Simgro, LGM, Nagrom ) integrated with groundwater model Simgro (Alterra) 252 H 02 Aanvoer Su pply capacity of afvoer Slechtdoorlatende laag Aquitard Beregening uit oppervlaktewater Sprinkling from surface water st Oppervlakkigee Surface afstroming runoff Eerste watervoerende 1 Aquifer laag Slechtdoorlatende Aquitard laag Landgebruik Land use Subsurface Infiltratie ofir rigation or drainage drainage Root wortelzone Surf Oppervlaktewater ace water system Sprinkling from groundwater Beregening uit Public Drinkwateronttrekking grondwater water supply Capillary Capillaire rise or opstijging percolation Subcatchm Deelgebiedsgrens ent boundary Phreatic level Grondwaterspiegel nd Tweede 2 watervoerende Aquifer laag Hydrologische Hydrological base basis Knooppunt Node point vanfinite eindige element elementennetwerk grid integrated with groundwater model LGM (RIVM)

28 Overview SWAP - core Integrated modelling Framework - FIW/SRW

29 Integrated modelling Framework - FIW/SRW User Interface Presentation components Value Time Soilcolumn1: G... Value Time Atmosphere-Soi... Plant-Atmosphe... Framework Integraal Water management coordinated computation by simulation kernels Database UBound SoilWater SurfaceWater SoluteTrans atmosphere - soil interface soil water transport surface water transport solute transport and transformation

30 Integrated modeling Framework - FIW/SRW Very promising direction Internationally accepted (Harmon - IT) Applied in NL: polders, courses,

31 Overview SWAP - core Knowledge transfer

32 knowledge transfer Project participation Presentations Internet : Courses Training courses for Dutch water boards International courses (post academic, several abroad) Moscow: 7-11 January 2003 Dutch course watermanagement: May 2003 International Irrigation&Drainage Course Wageningen-ILRI: Nov 2003

33 knowledge transfer Linked to GIS (Dutch course watermanagement: May 2003)

34 Overview Irrigation/drainage SWAP - core

35 Irrigation/drainage NL: irrigation efficiency ( more crop per drop ) related to leaching of solutes (nutrients/pesticides/heavy metals) various countries (see web-site: ) Irrigated cropping system - Water productivity

36 Water productivity Irrigated cropping systems Approach Land use Monitoring Remote Sensing: Landsat & NOAA landuse, ETa, yield Villages Soils Calculation units Modeling: ETa (Swap) Yield (Wofost) Salinity (Swap) Integrate: regional water productivity

37 Water productivity - ETact Remote Sensing Modeling (Swap) 1000 ET act kharif (mm) average per village Kriteria Remote sensing Model (Swap) 800 rabi Mean value Standard Error RS 400 Standard Deviation Swap Kharif Mean value Standard Error Standard Deviation

38 Overview Ecohydrology SWAP - core

39 Moisture - oxygen supply ecohydrology In wet conditions oxygen supply determines occurrency of species

40 concluding remarks User (Scale of application) Model use examples Farmer (Local) Extension officer (Local) Researcher (Local) Researcher (Regional) Policy makers (Regional) 3-day prediction of water demand Demonstrate impact of different soils on irrigation demand? Analyse field/lysimeter experiments? Compare methods to determine transpiration (e.g. FAO59 vs others)? Generate input for leaching models Analyse leaching potentials, irrigationefficiency, flood predictions? Reduction of recharge of aquifers? Minimize evapotranspirationexcess? Optimize Irrigation strategies? Reduce leaching of pesticides and/or nutrients High need to quantify uncertainties Increase use of remote sensing: landuse, ETact, moisture contents, precipitation, temperature