Environmental Performance Review of South Africa

Transcription

1 Review of South Africa Simon Upton Director, Environment 3 December 213

2 GDP per capita USD/capita (25 prices and PPP) 16, 14, 12, 1, 8, 6, Chile Turkey Mexico Brazil China South Africa 4, 2,

3 Unemployment 3 % labour force 25 2 Chile Turkey Brazil Mexico 15 South Africa

4 Energy mix Energy supply by source Mtoe Nuclear Natural gas 1 Renewables Oil 75 5 Coal and coal products

5 CO2 emissions and economic growth Demand-based CO 2 emissions vs. income, OECD countries Change in demand-based CO 2 emissions (%, ) 4 3 ZONE 1: No decoupling TUR BRIICS ZONE 2: Relative, but no absolute decoupling 2 SOUTH AFRICA AUS CHL KOR 1 BRA world CAN ESP POL RUS -1-2 ITA JPN OECD DEU FRA USA GBR ZONE 3: Absolute decoupling Change in income )

6 But emissions decreased only after 28 Mt CO 2 eq GHG emissions by sector Energy Industrial processes Agriculture Waste Other

7 GHG emissions per capita are higher than Brazil, China and many OECD countries t/inhab. GHG emissions per capita, OECD 1 5 TUR ESP CHN BRA ITA FRA ZAF GBR JPN POL DEU RUS CAN USA AUS

8 But the emission intensity is high GHG emissions per unit of GDP, 21 kg/usd (25 prices and PPP) OECD.4.2. FRA ESP GBR ITA JPN DEU TUR USA CAN POL AUS BRA ZAF CHN RUS

9 Air quality 8 7 Concentrations of PM 1 Micrograms per m 3,

10 ly related tax revenue As % of GDP and tax revenue ZAR billion (25 prices) By tax base % % of GDP % of total tax revenue Energy products Transport Other

11 ly related taxes as % of GDP, 2 and 211 % * 21 data

12 Petrol prices selected G-2 and sub-saharan countries,

13 Fuel taxation Tax rates on road fuels on a CO 2 emission basis, 212 EUR/tonne CO Petrol Diesel

14 Estimated fossil fuel consumption subsidies USD billion 6. USD billion Electricity Oil (right scale)

15 Electricity prices in selected countries USD cents/kwh

16 Municipal waste generation Per capita, 211 kg/cap OECD 5 25 USA AUS DEU ITA GBR FRA ESP TUR CAN KOR CHL JPN POL ZAF

17 Material productivity USD/kg 3.5 Material productivity, 28 % % change

18 Renewable water resources 14 1 m 3 /inhab. Per capita,

19 Freshwater abstraction as % of renewable resources, 21 % OECD 1 5 CAN AUS CHL GBR DEU FRA MEX POL JPN TUR ZAF ESP ITA BEL

20 Water use South Africa OECD Other uses 8% Public water supply 23% Other uses 35% Irrigation 42% Industry 7% Irrigation 62% Public water supply 15% Industry 8%

21 Quality of freshwater Mountain stream Upper foothill Lower foothill Lowland river % 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9% 1% % of river ecosystem types CR EN VU LT CR: critically endangered, EN: endangered, VU: vulnerable, LT: least threatened

22 Water supply and sanitation Percentage of households with access to piped water % Piped water inside dwelling/yard Piped water outside yard No access

23 Water supply and sanitation % 8 Percentage of households with access to sanitation Flush toilet connected to sewerage Pit toilet without ventilation Pit toilet with ventilation Bucket toilet system Flush toilet with septic tank Chemical toilet None

24 Access to environmental services % Waste collection Sewerage and sanitation Water supply

25 Biodiversity and economics of ecosystem services Ecosystems and habitats Threat Status Level

26 Protected areas, 211 % of total area DEU GBR BRA NZL POL COL CHL FRA JPN ITA USA MEX AUS ESP CAN ZAF KOR IND TUR

27 Ecosystem services Ecosystem service ZAR million per year USD million per year Grazing Natural resources Bioprospecting Carbon sequestration Pollination Erosion control Flow regulation Water treatment Blackfly control 77 1 Crop pest control Nursery value Tourism Scientific 15 2 Total value of selected ecosystem services 73 (or 3-5% of GDP) 9 465