Department Notes of Construction Management California State University, Chico

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1 CEM CMGT 190LD 380 SPRING Green Building 2012Principles and LEED Certification Department Notes of Construction Management California State University, Chico SUSTAINABLE THINKING Discussion #4 Sustainable Thinking System an assemblage of parts that interact in a series of relationships to form a complex whole, which serves particular functions of purposes. life cycle approach looking at all stages of a project, product or service, adding the dimension of longevity to whole systems thinking integrated process an approach to design and operations that brings team members together to work collaboratively on all of the project's systems to find synergistic solutions that support ever greater levels of sustainability. Three major concepts that are integral to green building and sustainability: systems thinking life cycle thinking integrated processes open system a system in which materials are constantly brought in from the outside, used in the system, and then released outside the system in a form of waste. closed system a system that exchanges minimal materials and elements with its surroundings; systems are linked with one another to make the best use of byproducts. Which system is more sustainable? Why? building envelope the exterior surface of a building-the walls, windows, roof, and floor; also referred to as the building shell. High-Performance Building Envelope Reduces Construction Cost Using a high-performance building envelope, the mechanical engineer can safely design to half the normal energy load. [ 1

2 feedback loop information flows within a system that allow the system to self organize. This type of feedback loop is called a negative feedback loop because embedded in the system's response to a change is a Signal for the system to stop changing when that response is no longer needed. Negative feedback loops enable a system to selfcorrect and stay within a particular range of function or performance. Thus, they keep systems stable. Positive feedback loops, on the other hand, are self-reinforcing: the stimulus causes an effect, and the effect produces even more of that same effect. Population growth is a positive feedback loop. The more babies who are born, the more people there will be in the population to have more babies. Therefore, the population can be expected to rise until acted upon by another force, such as an epidemic or shortage of resources. heat island effect the absorption of heat by hardscapes, such as dark, nonreflective pavement and buildings, and its radiation to surrounding areas. Particularly in urban areas, other sources may include vehicle exhaust, air-conditioners, and street equipment; reduced airflow from tall buildings and narrow streets exacerbates the effect. Unchecked, can create positive feedback loops chaos in a system. leverage point a point in a system where a small intervention can yield large changes 2

3 life cycle approach looking at all stages of a project, product or service, adding the dimension of longevity to whole systems thinking life cycle assessment (LCA)an analysis of the environmental aspects and potential impacts associated with a product, process, or service. life cycle costing (LCC) a process of costing that looks at both purchase and operating costs as well as relative savings over the life of the building or product What is LCA? Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a tool used to evaluate the potential environmental impact of a product, process or activity throughout its entire life cycle by quantifying the use of resources ("inputs" such as energy, raw materials, water) and environmental emissions ("outputs" to air, water and soil) associated with the system that is being evaluated. 3

4 CEM CMGT 190LD 380 Green SPRING Building 2012 Principles and LEED Certification Department Notes of Construction Continued Management California State University, Chico SUSTAINABLE THINKING Discussion #5 Sustainable Thinking at Work: New Processes for Building Green Green building requires a new way of thinking and approaching the design, construction, operation, and renovation of buildings and communities. Green building (also known as green construction or sustainable building) is the practice of creating structures and using processes that are environmentally responsible and resource-efficient throughout a building's lifecycle: from siting to design, construction, operation, maintenance, renovation, and deconstruction. This practice expands and complements the classical building design concerns of economy, utility, durability, and comfort. Minimize Resource Consumption Reduce Life Cycle Costs Maximize health and productivity for the building s occupants Improve environmental performance Commercial Construction 72% of electricity consumption 39% of energy use 38% of all carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions 40% of raw materials use 30% of waste output (136 million tons annually) 14% of potable water consumption Whole Building Design Project Team Members (Typical) 1

5 Traditional Building Design Timeline Design Construction Documents (CDs) (Plans, Specifications, Contracts, etc.) Bidding process Construction Commissioning and turnover Occupancy Integrated Project Delivery (IPD) Timeline Pre-Design Design Construction plans Bidding process Construction Commission the building Occupancy and Retro commissioning Pre-Design Develop a Clear Statement of the Project's Vision Define the Green Goals of the Building Set Priorities Select the project team Research green technologies and strategies Define green building budget items Review applicable laws and standards Design Develop a project budget that covers green building measures Test and select green technologies and strategies Check costs Finalize design decisions In IPD the entire team works in Collaboration not in Isolation. Laying the Groundwork charrette intense workshops designed to produce specific deliverables. At least one initial strategy meeting or LEED charette generally held at the beginning of the project. Charrettes assist in establishing green goals. Goal to develop possible design and strategies for greening a space Deliverable The typical deliverable from the initial strategy meeting is a LEED certification goal (certification level) accompanied by a LEED scorecard that shows the targeted credits for pursuit. Typical Deliverable: LEED Rating System Checklist 2

6 Construction Costs Soft Costs Architectural, legal, financing, engineering fees and other costs incurred before and after construction Hard Costs Directly related to improving real property First Costs The sum of the initial expenditures involved in capitalizing a property; includes items such as transportation, installation, preparation for service, as well as other related costs. Life Cycle Costs (LCC) A measurement of the total cost of using equipment or a product over the entire time of service of the equipment or product; includes initial, operating, and maintenance costs. Life-Cycle Analysis (LCA) A life cycle analysis (LCA, also known as life cycle assessment, ecobalance, and cradle-to-grave analysis) is the investigation and evaluation of the environmental impacts of a given product or service caused or necessitated by its existence. Simple Payback Example - HVAC System $10,000 First Cost Or $15,000 First Cost $1,500/YR in Energy Cost Savings Calculate Simple Payback: $5,000/$1,500 = 3.33 Yrs Design team should use Life-Cycle Costs and Life-Cycle Cost Analysis instead of First Cost Value Engineering. BEES Description/Summary: The BEES (Building for Environmental and Economic Sustainability) software brings to your fingertips a powerful technique for selecting cost-effective, environmentally-preferable building products. Developed by the NIST (National Institute of Standards and Technology) Engineering Laboratory the tool is based on consensus standards and designed to be practical, flexible, and transparent. BEES Online, aimed at designers, builders, and product manufacturers, includes actual environmental and economic performance data for 230 building products. BEES measures the environmental performance of building products by using the life-cycle assessment approach specified in the ISO series of standards. All stages in the life of a product are analyzed: raw material acquisition, manufacture, transportation, installation, use, and recycling and waste management. Economic performance is measured using the ASTM standard life-cycle cost method, which covers the costs of initial investment, replacement, operation, maintenance and repair, and disposal. Environmental and economic performance are combined into an overall performance measure using the ASTM standard for Multi-Attribute Decision Analysis. For the entire BEES analysis, building products are defined and classified according to the ASTM standard classification for building elements known as UNIFORMAT II. 3

7 Iterative Process An iterative process has a cyclical nature: Establish clear goals and overarching commitments Brainstorm and develop creative solutions Research and refine ideas Explore synergies between specific strategies Establish metrics for measuring success Set new goals based on the work that has been done Goals S = Specific M = Measurable A = Attainable R = Realistic T = Timely Assessments and Measurements Metrics Qualitative Quantitative Implementation FROM PLANNING TO PRACTICE Management plans for design-build construction projects are critically important: they must be developed, implemented, and documented. stormwater prevention plan a plan that addresses measures to prevent erosion, sedimentation, and discharges of potential pollutants to water bodies and wetlands. indoor environmental quality management plan a plan that spells out strategies to protect the quality of indoor air for workers and occupants; it includes isolating work areas to prevent contamination of occupied spaces, timing construction activities to minimize exposure to off-gassing, protecting the HVAC system from dust, selecting materials with minimal levels of toxicity, and thoroughly ventilating the building before occupancy. waste management plan a plan that addresses the sorting, collection, and disposal of waste generated during construction or renovation. It must address management of landfill waste as well as recyclable materials. Success depends on these essentials: Start early Find the right team and process Understand the systems across space and time Develop clear and measurable goals Follow an iterative process to ensure achievement of goals Commit to continuous improvement 4