Greenhouse Gases don t respect borders Global Cooperation on in situ GHG observations

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1 Greenhouse Gases don t respect borders Global Cooperation on in situ GHG observations Dr Werner Leo Kutsch, Director General of ICOS ERIC, Helsinki, Finland, Europe

2 2018 a year to see Climate Change at work: National Aeronautics and Space Administration Goddard Institute for Space Studies pictures: dpa/patrick Pleul

3 Fate of anthropogenic CO 2 emissions ( ) 34.1 GtCO 2 /yr 91% Sources = Sinks 16.4 GtCO 2 /yr 44% 31% 11.6 GtCO 2 /yr 9% 3.5 GtCO 2 /yr 26% 9.7 GtCO 2 /yr Source: CDIAC; NOAA-ESRL; Houghton et al 2012; Giglio et al 2013; Le Quéré et al 2016; Global Carbon Budget 2016

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5 The new Paris paradigm Driving the climate agenda closing the loop Observation Research Assessment Policy Convention icle 4 Commitments icle 5 RSO Promote and cooperate in SO of the climate system and exchange of information Support and strengthen SO Improve capacity for SO particularly in developing countries Paris Agreement icle 2 Courtesy of Joanna Post, UNFCCC Mitigation (<2 / 1.5 degrees C) Adaptation / inc. resilience Finance flows consistent with path towards low GHG and climate resilient development

6 The new Paris paradigm Driving the climate agenda closing the loop Observation Research Assessment Policy Convention icle 4 Commitments icle 5 RSO Promote and cooperate in SO of the climate system and exchange of information Support and strengthen SO Improve capacity for SO particularly in developing countries Paris Agreement icle 2 Courtesy of Joanna Post, UNFCCC 7(c) Strengthening scientific knowledge on climate, including research, systemic observation of the climate system and early warning systems Mitigation (<2 / 1.5 degrees C) Adaptation / inc. resilience Finance flows consistent with path towards low GHG and climate resilient development (best available science)

7 Carbon, energy, water cycles Reports, advice, recommendations Gaps, needs The new Paris paradigm: From policy driving policy to science driving policy and policy driving science Requests on gaps/ needs and adequacy Observation WMO GCOS CEOS GEO Research WCRP IAMC Future Earth UNEP Assessment IPCC AR6 (storylines) SRs: 1.5, OCC, CCL SLCF Guidelines GHG inventories Assess collective progress on implementation of the Paris Agreement COP/CMA Global stocktake (2023, 2028 ) Courtesy of Joanna Post, UNFCCC Climate services GFCS WCSP GCOS Implementation Plan (COP Decision 19/CP.22) Climate indicators, Regional workshops, build capacity in developing countries CEOS/CGMS Working Group on Climate response to GCOS IP ECV Inventory WMO State of the global climate, GHG Bulletin IG 3 IS Collaboration between WMO/UNFCCC regional centres SBSTA Research (Research dialogue) Systematic observation (Earth information day) Co-design with users and stakeholders from the beginning towards global cooperation Global/Regional/ National/Sub-national Sectoral towards a very clear societal challenge towards high societal and economic impact (avoiding loss and damage) Assess adequacy of internationally agreed warming limit (Periodic review) COP/CMA Adaptation and Mitigation workstreams (NDCs, NAPs, NCs) NDCs: Nationally Determined Contributions NAPs: National Adaptation Plans NCs: National Communications

8 Mechanisms for global cooperation, example 1: Ecosystems

9 Global cooperation is organized along societal challenges and international conventions Cooperation between major global Rs essential variables for ecological observations; coherent standards site registration system open data policies metadata cataloguing and data citation support existing global data efforts (e.g. FLUXNET); capacity-building and human resource management; towards a global ecosystem research infrastructure

10 A broad schematic of a full value chain in sustained ocean observing programs 3 rd ICOS Science Conference September 2018, Prague, Czech Republic Biogeochemistry Panel

11 System A broad schematic of a full value chain in sustained ocean observing programs Societal benefit from actionable information Policy, public and private management and individual decisions Services [informing] Early warning, forecasts, short and long term direct advice Predicting / Modeling Ocean forecast systems Assessing Policy-relevant scientific assessments Understanding Scientific analysis, indicators Data systems Assembly and dissemination System requirements Applications/products, knowledge challenges, phenomena, EOVs, network design Observations Coordination In situ and satellite observations Global networks and global approaches 3 rd ICOS Science Conference September 2018, Prague, Czech Republic Biogeochemistry Panel

12 GPS system Atmospheric sampling tube SOCONET: Surface ocean CO 2 measurements from moving and fixed platforms (With other parameters in concept and pilot phase ph, TA, DIC); Atmospheric CO 2 from some data originators (discussions with GAW); Checked sea surface temperature and salinity as well as other BGC parameters (oxygen, nutrients) Seawater system Electronics/detector

13 In Earth Science international collaboration is not a nice to have, it s a questions of Summary International cooperation is requested and guided by UN convention related to Grand Challenge. 2 be or not 2 be And what does the Higg s Boson for it? There are extremely high values at stake. Co-design with users and stakeholders from the beginning towards global cooperation towards a very clear societal challenge towards high societal and economic impact (avoiding loss and damage) Thank you for your attention!

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15 Global policy making and societal challenge definition Harmonisation Harmonisation GBOS ECVs Global cooperation, coordination and open data integration EBVs Branch towards UNFCCC Branch towards CBD Requirement defintion Integrated long-term, standardized in-situ Research Infrastructures on terrestrial ecosystem research Requirement defintion Other requirements Other requirements

16 A basic concept for impact assessment of ICOS Co-design Stakeholders Stakeholders Users

17 Innovative approaches in GHG measurements in agriculture Integrated and connected services Observations The sphere of science Experiments Models IPCC Guidelines The sphere of reporting From Good practice guidelines to The Better sphere practice of practice guidelines for farmers National Inventory The sphere of verification Level 3 Documented BP application Observations Verification every 10 ys Level 2 Level 1 Documented BP application The real sphere of practice Documented BP application Verification every 10 ys

18 In-situ atmosphere measurements Global Atmosphere Watch