Print Student Name. Science GRADE PRACTICE TEST TEST BOOKLET

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1 Print Student Name PRACTICE TEST GRADE HS TEST BOOKLET

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3 DIRECTIONS Read each question carefully. For each multiple-choice question, decide which is the best answer. For each question that asks you to explain or draw your answer, write or draw your answer in the answer space provided A Choice - q The graph below shows the average resting body temperatures of Gila monsters in the southwestern United States by month. Temperature ( F) J F M A M J J A S O N D Month Which of the following conclusions is supported by the graph? A Gila monsters are most active when environmental temperatures are highest. B Gila monster populations are largest when environmental temperatures are highest. C Increases in Gila monster body temperatures directly affect the environmental temperature. D Increases in environmental temperatures cause Gila monster body temperatures to increase A Choice - w Oil flows slower than water when poured from the same container under similar conditions. Which of the following properties best explains this behavior? A Density B Ductility C Viscosity D Turbidity A Choice - e Earth s early atmosphere contained little oxygen. Which process increased the amount of oxygen in Earth s atmosphere? A Decay B Denitrification C Photosynthesis D Cellular respiration NM_17-18_GrHS Practice_Test_LP Page 3

4 139232A Drawing - r The graph below shows the data from an experiment that tested the effects of temperature on the heart rate of a species of crustacean. Heart Rate (beats/min) Crustacean Heart Rate at Varying Temperatures Temperature ( C) In the answer space provided, A. Using the graph, describe how the heart rate changes as the temperature changes. B. Predict the heart rate if the temperature reaches 30 C. Explain your answer A Drawing - t The diagrams below show overhead views of two different plate boundaries. The arrows indicate the direction of movement for each plate. A B Continental Plate Continental Plate Continental Plate Oceanic Plate In the answer space provided, explain which plate boundary would be more likely to result in volcanoes and why. NM_17-18_GrHS Practice_Test_LP Page 4

5 DIRECTIONS Use the following information to answer questions 6 through Shared Stimulus - The populations of animals living in the wild follow cycles. One example is the cycling of the lynx and snowshoe hare populations in the forests of Canada. The snowshoe hare is the major food source for the lynx. The numbers of hares and lynx can be estimated from records of the numbers of pelts of each species sold by fur trappers each year. The graph below shows some of this historical data. Snowshoe Hare and Lynx Population Changes Over Time Number of Hares per Square Kilometer Number of Lynx per 100 Square Kilometers Years Hares Lynx Key NM_17-18_GrHS Practice_Test_LP Page 5

6 Choice - y Scientists want to find out if cycles in snowshoe hare populations are a result of predator-prey relationships, or of changes in food supply caused by overgrazing. For several years, scientists supply extra food to one snowshoe hare population, and nothing to another snowshoe hare population. They record population changes in both groups. Which result would best support the hypothesis that cycles in snowshoe hare populations are mainly a result of the predatorprey relationship? A The population without extra food continues to cycle throughout the study. B The population with extra food increases and then levels off and begins to cycle. C The population without extra food decreases by the same amount each year. D The population with extra food increases and then levels off and remains constant Choice - u Based on the graph, which statement best interprets the trends? A Snowshoe hares and lynx both have life spans of about ten years. B Prey populations would increase indefinitely if there were no predators. C Predator cycles follow the same pattern as prey cycles, but with a delay. D The population sizes of snowshoe hares and lynx are independent of one another Choice - i Which limiting factor most likely has the greatest effect on the lynx population? A The availability of water B The availability of space C The availability of oxygen D The availability of nutrients NM_17-18_GrHS Practice_Test_LP Page 6

7 Choice - o A snowshoe hare with the trait of unusually strong legs is able to run faster than other snowshoe hares in the population. This trait may cause changes in future generations of snowshoe hares because the fast snowshoe hare will A be more likely to live to reproduce and pass on the trait B seek out a mate with similar physical and behavioral traits C migrate and join another population of fast snowshoe hares D teach other snowshoe hares how to improve their running skills Choice - a The snowshoe hare gets its energy by eating willow and birch twigs. If a snowshoe hare consumes 1,000 units of energy, about how much of this energy is available to a lynx? A 10 units B 100 units C 1,000 units D 10,000 units END OF QUESTIONS RELATED TO THE INFORMATION ON PAGE 5. CONTINUE WITH THE NEXT QUESTION. NM_17-18_GrHS Practice_Test_LP Page 7

8 142101A Composite - s The atomic structures and emission spectra of hydrogen and helium are shown below. 2 neutrons Electron Proton Electron 2 protons Electron Hydrogen atom Helium atom Red Blue Purple Red Yellow Blue Purple Hydrogen emission spectrum Helium emission spectrum In the answer space provided, A. Explain why helium has more emission spectral lines than hydrogen. B. Explain how emission spectra can be used to distinguish between hydrogen and helium. C. Explain why there are distinct bands of color on the emission spectra for each element. NM_17-18_GrHS Practice_Test_LP Page 8

9 139197A Drawing - d The diagram below shows a model of a simple electrical generator. Model of Simple Electrical Generator A Choice - f The cell organelle shown below produces ATP and is found in most eukaryotic cells that require large amounts of energy. Metal coil Turn handle to turn metal coil There are conducting pieces that allow the circuit to remain closed as the handle is turned. The bulb can be lit as current electricity is produced in the wires when the handle turns the metal coil. In the answer space provided, The highest concentration of such organelles would be found in which type of human cell? A Bone B Skin C Muscle D Fat A. State what the pieces labeled X represent. B. Describe how an electrical current is produced when the coil is turned. NM_17-18_GrHS Practice_Test_LP Page 9

10 142277A Choice - g Which technology best allows scientists to study the contents of Martian soil? A Choice - h The picture below shows an air tank used in scuba diving. A Orbiting satellites B Computer models C Space telescopes D Planetary spacecraft Which of these best describes what happens to the air in the tank when the tank is exposed to heat? A There is a decrease in mass. B There is an increase in air volume. C There is an increase in air pressure. D There is a decrease in molecular motion. NM_17-18_GrHS Practice_Test_LP Page 10

11 139245A Drawing - j Flying fish do not actually fly but jump and glide with specially adapted fins A Composite - k The table below shows the percentages of genes that three species have in common with Species X. Species Roundworm Fruit fly Mouse Genes in Common with Species X 21% 36% 90% Flying Fish A student hypothesizes that if a food source were introduced several feet above the ocean s surface, flying fish might eventually evolve wings as an adaptation for reaching the food source. In the answer space provided, explain why this hypothesis would be difficult to support with a scientific investigation. In the answer space provided, A. Describe what is responsible for the genetic similarity of these species according to scientific evolutionary theory. B. Identify and describe one evolutionary mechanism that is responsible for genetic differences among the species. C. Describe what can be concluded from the fact that species X has 90% of its genes in common with the mouse and only 21% of its genes in common with the roundworm. NM_17-18_GrHS Practice_Test_LP Page 11

12 Session 1 DIRECTIONS Use the following information to answer questions 18 through A Shared Stimulus - Pond Ecosystem The illustration below shows a cross section of the edge of a pond in the northeastern United States. Many species of organisms are part of this ecosystem. Some of the organisms live on the land surrounding the pond, some spend time on the surface of the water, and some live below the pond s surface. Phytoplankton Zooplankton Cattail Bulrush Willow Mayfly Heron Frog Pond surface Water lily Muskrat Bottom of pond Arrowhead Water snake Pickerel Pondweed Soil fungi Soil bacteria NM_17-18_GrHS Practice_Test_LP Page 12

13 The organisms in this ecosystem are related to each other through the food web shown below. Heron Water snake Pickerel Muskrat Frog Zooplankton Mayfly Phytoplankton Plants (willow, bulrush, arrowhead, cattail, pondweed, water lily) Soil fungi, soil bacteria NM_17-18_GrHS Practice_Test_LP Page 13

14 139236A Choice - Pond Ecosystem l Which of the following relationships exists between the frog and the mayfly? A Choice - Pond Ecosystem ; The illustration below shows an organelle from a cell. A Commensalism B Competition C Mutualism D Predation Which of the following organisms in the pond ecosystem uses this organelle to produce food? A Frog B Mayfly C Pickerel D Willow NM_17-18_GrHS Practice_Test_LP Page 14

15 139241A Choice - Pond Ecosystem 2) Muskrats are omnivores that live in burrows on the pond banks. Which of the following would most likely lead to an increase in the size of the muskrat population over time? A Increased seed production by cattails B Increased outbreaks of disease in muskrats C Increased numbers of predators on muskrats D Increased amounts of competition from pickerel A Choice - Pond Ecosystem 2! Which of the following organisms is correctly matched to its role in the pond ecosystem? A Soil fungi decomposer B Zooplankton producer C Water lily decomposer D Water snake primary consumer END OF QUESTIONS RELATED TO THE INFORMATION ON PAGES 12 AND 13. CONTINUE WITH THE NEXT QUESTION. NM_17-18_GrHS Practice_Test_LP Page 15

16 139195A Drawing - 2@ Some farmers are planning to use hog manure from local farms to produce electrical energy for their farms. The hog manure is usually left on the ground, but in this system, it is placed into a digester, as shown below A Drawing - 2# The object shown below is made of porcelain, a hard, glassy substance. Manure Energy System Heat Farm Manure Methane Digester Generator Electricity In the answer space provided, explain two ways this system could impact the local community. The manufacture of porcelain begins with clay. After the clay has been shaped, it is exposed to high temperatures. This causes chemical and physical changes, which lead to the hardened final product. A teacher asked her class to compare and contrast the making of porcelain with the natural formation of rocks. In the answer space provided, name two of the three major types of rocks, and for each one describe one way its formation is similar to the process of making porcelain. THIS IS THE END OF THIS SESSION. NM_17-18_GrHS Practice_Test_LP Page 16

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