Evaluation of the water quality of the Yangtze River Based on the comprehensive pollution index model

Transcription

1 Iteratoal Joural of Scece Vol.3 No ISSN: Evaluato of the water qualty of the Yagtze Rver ased o the comprehesve polluto de model Xaowe Dog, a, Fefe Ma 2, b ad Lchao Feg, c Iovatve Laboratory of mathematcal modelg, North Cha Uversty of Scece & techology, Tagsha, Hebe , cha bstract 2 North Cha Uversty of scece ad techology, Tagsha , Hebe, Cha a @qq.com, b 07462@qq.com, c @qq.com I vew of the preset stuato of water polluto the Yagtze Rver as, the comprehesve polluto de method s used to judge whether the water qualty stadard or eceed the stadard. We use the sze of P to evaluate the water qualty of the Yagtze Rver comprehesvely. d use the stadard devato of the proporto of each dvdual to seek the weght of polluto dcators, ad fally aalyze the water polluto stuato of 7 statos. I ths paper, we judge the amout of sewage by usg dscharge rate. y seekg the upper ad lower bouds of the amout of sewage each secto of the Yagtze Rver, we get the secto of the Yagtze Rver sewage rakg the largest amout. Ths soluto solves the trouble caused by ukow quatty (the umber ad the correspodg amout of sewage a rver outfall). Keywords Itegrated polluto de model, Dscharge rate, Water qualty category, Gray predcto.. Water Qualty ssessmet Model ased o the comprehesve evaluato of the water qualty data of 7 statos the past year,combed wth four dcators of water polluto,ad the polluto de method was used to compare the measured value wth the atoal stadard,so as to evaluate the water qualty.ccordg to the statstcal propertes of the observed value, the weght s calculated ad the comprehesve polluto de s obtaed.ccordg to the comprehesve polluto de,we determe whether the comprehesve water qualty stadard, ad the aalyze the water polluto stuato each rego.. Polluto Ide Model Polluto de method s based o the evaluato method of water evromet fucto area[3]. Establsh the sgle polluto de I vew of the sgle water qualty de I vew of the sgle water qualty de,that s:ammoa troge(nh3-n), Dssolved oyge (DO),Permagaate de (CODM) ad ph value.compared the measured values wth the correspodg water qualty stadards of the water evromet fuctoal area,we get the sgle polluto de,that s: I (), C s the measure the water qualty dcators, C I, 2, 3, 4,, () S S s the cocetrato lmt of the sgle water qualty de correspodg to the fuctoal category of water qualty. I s the sgle polluto de of the I dcators. 36

2 Iteratoal Joural of Scece Vol.3 No ISSN: Weghted verage Composte Ide The dvdual water qualty dees of the comprehesve water qualty assessmet, stage:< surface water evromet qualty stadard >(G )the 4 ma motorg projects,the selected the sgle polluto de of the four ma dees by arthmetc mea, weghted average, multplcato ad de ad other mathematcal methods to get a comprehesve de [4],d the to evaluate the comprehesve water qualty. Weghted average comprehesve epoetal formula s: C P w I w ( ), 2, 3, 4,, (2) S P stads for the comprehesve polluto de, s the sgle de of water qualty comprehesve water qualty assessmet. s the dcators of the weght of, stads for the sgle de polluto de of..2 Determato of weght of polluto de formula ccordg to the dvdual water qualty de, we ca get w, 2, 3, w reflects the magtude of the devato of each factor cocetrato. y the formula (3) we ca see the greater s, the greater the sgle qualty de s. The data the water qualty testg report of the ma ctes of the Yagtze Rver as, the ae 3,the value of the four ma testg tems from Jue 2004 to September 2005 were summarzed respectvely ad descrptve statstcal aalyss was performed. Usg statstcal software to get the correspodg aalyss data of the other 6 observato statos, the comprehesve evaluato of the Yagtze Rver was carred out by the stadard devato of the four ma dees of the 7 observato statos, The value of the s the weght of each water qualty de. That s: 4 P wi 0.57I I I I 4 (4).3 determato of the sgle polluto de From table 4 we ca see that the four ma testg tems are the stadard lmts, ad water qualty testg report of the ma ctes of the Yagtze Rver as from Jue 2004 to September 2005 based o the ae 3:7 observato stato, ad mothly water qualty categores for each observato stato, we ca kow. S The measured value of the water qualty de C has bee gve I the water qualty motorg report. Therefore we ca get I by usg formula. Frst take Pazhhua, Schua, for eample, the calculato results are show table. Comprehesve polluto de s to determe the degree of comprehesve water qualty stadards for water evromet fucto area,p s less tha or equal to,t meas water qualty stadards, otherwse the comprehesve water eceeded.from table we ca see the comprehesve polluto de of Pazhhua Schua P=.034>, that s, the comprehesve water qualty Pazhhua, Schua eceed the stadard. 4,, I w (3) 37

3 Iteratoal Joural of Scece Vol.3 No ISSN: Table : sgle water polluto de ad comprehesve polluto de Pazhhua, Schua Tme I(NH3-N) I2(DO) I3(CODM) P(tegrated polluto de) July ugust September October December Jauary February March prl May Jue July ugust September P(tegrated polluto de).034 Usg the same method,the comprehesve polluto de of 7 statos ca be obtaed tur.d sort t out,, the result s as show table 2. Table 2: rakg of the total water qualty ad ma pollutats for each observato stato of the Yagtze Rver Seral umber Observato stato ame Schua Pazhhua Logdog P comprehesve polluto de 38 Total water qualty rakg Major pollutats ammoa troge,permagaate de 2 Chogqg Zhutuo Hube Ychag ajgua Yueyag Cheglgj Hua Jujag water plat Jag qg Estuary hu Mout Najg, Jagsu Schua Lesha Mjag rdge Yb Schua cool gger dtch Schua Luzhou Rver rdge dssolved oyge,ammoa troge,permagaate de permagaate de,ammoa troge dssolved oyge,ammoa troge,permagaate de Hube Dajagkou

4 Iteratoal Joural of Scece Vol.3 No ISSN: Hu Lg Chagsha Xgag Hua Yueyag Tower Yueyag, Hua Wuha, Hube customs clearace Jag Nachag Chu cha Jujag Jag toad stoe Yagzhou Sajag Jagsu camp dssolved oyge,ammoa troge permagaate de permagaate de,ammoa troge.00 9 permagaate de permagaate de s ca be see from the table 6, the stuato of water polluto of each observato stato of the Yagtze Rver, the comprehesve polluto de of Yueyag Tower Yueyag, Hua s the hghest.the ma pollutats are permagaate de ad the worst s ts water polluto.followed by Yb Schua cool Jag dtch,the thrd serous water polluto s Schua Luzhou Tuojag brdge;the best area of water qualty s Najg, Jagsu L Sha.The comprehesve polluto de of Wuha, Hube, s also low, whose water qualty s secod oly to Najg, Jagsu. 2. To Determe The Model Of The Ma Polluto Of The Yagtze Rver 2. The Establshmet Of the Model Suppose the dstrbuto of cocetrato of pollutats the Yagtze Rver s C( mg / L ),Mea velocty s v( m / s ),dstace s ( km ),C satsfy oe dmesoal water qualty model: dc v kc 0, The K s for pollutats degradato coeffcet (K=0.2).If Ital value codto s d C(0) C, the the atural degradato law of the cocetrato of pollutats wth the flow of water s C C0e k v. 0 For a secto of the Yagtze Rver, that s s the begg, s the ed, the the dstace s d(m).we ca suppose ths secto has outfalls, the flow rate, average flow rate, cocetrato of pollutats the I sewage outfall s q, v, c.whle Q, VI, C stads for the rver water respectvely flow, velocty ad cotamat cocetrato, the: qc Q f ( C ) C, Q Q q (,2,3,..., ), () Q q d k V C e f ( C ) 2, If we have kow the water flow rate, flow rate, pollutat cocetrato of the startg pot ad ed pot s q0, v0, c 0 ad q, v, c the rver for s w c q. 39, The the total amout of sewage Net, calculate the mamum total amout of polluto (upper boud) ad the mmum dscharge (lower boud). () The upper boud of pollutat dscharge

5 Iteratoal Joural of Scece Vol.3 No ISSN: Suppose all of the sewage assumptos are cocetrated the pot ( the source).ad t get to k after a perod of degradato of. d C v Ce, the, C Ce.ccordg to formula(), we qc Q0C0 qc QC ca getc.therefore, the upper boud of the total amout of polluto Q q Q the secto wth the value s; 0 w ma q c C Q Q C Q C e k v k v Q C ( g / s) (2) The lower boud of the pollutat dscharge Suppose all of the sewage assumptos are cocetrated thepot (the edg).as the method of gettg the upper boud value, we ca get the lower boud value, that s k v wm qc Q C Q C e ( g / s). (3) verage relatve emsso verage relatve pollutat dscharge s a comparable de. The de sze ca be determed to get the largest dsplacemet secto of Yagtze Rver. It ca be regarded as the ma source of polluto. Every moth, each secto ca determe the chage terval for a blow dow amout, The chage of ( j) ( j) terval emssos for the j moth s w m, w ma ( j,2,...,3).the take the average, 3 3 ( j) ( j) wm w, wma w m ma So you ca determe the amout of sewage s a secto of each j j m,w ma w med w m w ma, that Is the average amout of 3 3 terval w. The take meda, 2 sewage of 3 moths of a secto. If the legth of the dstace s d( km ), Each secto of the secod, w med emssos per klometer s: w0 ( kg / s km).that s, the average relatve amout of sewage. 2 The secto headgs are boldface captal ad lowercase letters. Secod level headgs are typed as part of the succeedg paragraph (lke the subsecto headg of ths paragraph). ll mauscrpts must be Eglsh, also the table ad fgure tets, otherwse we caot publsh your paper. Please keep a secod copy of your mauscrpt your offce. Whe recevg the paper, we assume that the correspodg authors grat us the copyrght to use the paper for the book or joural questo. Whe recevg the paper, we assume that the correspodg authors grat us the copyrght to use the paper for the book or joural questo. Whe recevg the paper, we assume that the correspodg authors grat us the copyrght to use. (2) 2.2 Slvg Model. ccordg to statstcs of the Yagtze Rver seve related data, ccordg to the steps of the above model, the soluto s carred out for CODM ad NH3-N, Schua Pazhhua, Hube Ychag, Chogqg Zhu Tuo, Hua Yueyag, Jag Jujag, hu qg are respectvely remembered as S, S2, S3, S4, S5, S6, S7. The the followg table results are avalable, as show Table 3 ad Table 4. 40

6 Iteratoal Joural of Scece Vol.3 No ISSN: Table 3: emsso ad rakg results secto S-S2 S2-S3 S3-S4 S4-S5 S5-S6 S6-S7 [m,ma] [3.32,49.03] [30.07,68.07] [39.2,78.72] [20.29,49.04] [4.5,8.58] [23.6,40.5] Relatve emsso sort Table 4: emsso ad rakg results secto S-S2 S2-S3 S3-S4 S4-S5 S5-S6 S6-S7 [m,ma] [28.,63.2] [30.47,83.58] [42.52,3.09] [22.52,60.78] [5.79,22.05] [8.47,28.] Relatve emsso sort Cocluso ca be draw as follows: The polluto source of the Yagtze Rver more tha a year of major pollutats permagaate de maly Ychag ad Hua Yueyag Hube, t the same tme, the pollutats ammoa troge polluto source of the Yagtze Rver of early a year s maly Ychag, Hube ad Hua Yueyag. 3. Result alyss The comprehesve evaluato of the water qualty of the Yagtze Rver, as well as the aalyss of the polluto stuato of each observato ste,i ths paper, we use the comprehesve polluto de method.the rato of the measured value of the four ma testg tems to the stadard lmt s used as the polluto umber of the sgle de.d obtas the weght, thus obtas the comprehesve polluto de formula,d aalyze the water polluto stuato of each observato ste. To determe the ma polluto source of the Yagtze Rver model,the dscharge amout of each secto of the Yagtze Rver was aalyzed ad calculated,y seekg the upper ad lower bouds of the amout of sewage each secto of the Yagtze Rver, a comparablty de s obtaed,that s average relatve dscharge.we get the largest secto of Yagtze Rver sewage by sortg.ths just solve trouble caused by the ukow quatty (umber ad correspodg emssos of a rver outfall). Refereces [] Guo Jsog, et al. alyss ad developmet of water qualty assessmet methods [J]. Chogqg evrometal scece, 999,5 (6): -5. [2] Ma Mgag, Ca Fe. Water polluto ad ts cotrol strateges the mddle ad lower reaches of the Yagtze Rver [J]. Joural of Wuha Polytechc Uversty, 2004 (2): [3] Xu Zu, the evaluato method ad research of the comprehesve water qualty detfcato de Cha [J]. Joural of Togj Uversty, 2005,33 (4): [4] Jag Huohua, Zhu Japg, et al. The relatoshp betwee the comprehesve polluto de ad water qualty classfcato [J]. Cha evrometal motorg, 999,5 (60:46-48.) 4