On-line, real-time monitoring of contaminants in Chinese water systems WaterTech Bringing new technology to the water industry

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1 On-line, real-time monitoring of contaminants in Chinese water systems WaterTech 2012

2 Presentation Modern Water plc Chinese requirements for surface water monitoring Microtox CTM continuous toxicity monitors and trace metals analysers 2

3 Modern Water plc UK Group, founded 2006 Advanced treatment and monitoring technologies Europe, USA, Middle East, South Africa and China operations Acquired water / env. testing division of SDIX Inc. in 2011 Water and wastewater treatment Novel Forward Osmosis for desalination, cooling towers, effluents Electrocoagulation for chemical-free WWT Saline biological treatment process Monitoring Online/real time, portable, lab, test kits Trace metal analysers Microtox and Deltatox toxicity analysers Immunoassay tests kits for PCB, PAH, SRB etc (LoadMon non contact organic load monitor) 3

4 Surface water in China Water shortage Industrial and agricultural pollution ~25% of population no safe drinking water ~50% of water bodies fail quality standards 20% of surface water unusable 4

5 Many serious pollution events Songhua River: chemical explosion, 80 km benzene slick Longjiang River/ Pearl River Delta: mining waste, Cd pollution Yangtze River: chemicals barge sank releasing phenol Bei River: Smelter caused Cd pollution in water supplying Guangzhou Lake Taihu, East Lake etc.: blue-green algae and other chronic pollution in source waters affecting water supplies to millions 5

6 Legal framework Ministry for Environmental Protection sets national statutes and regulations Implementation by bureaus at provincial, city, county, district, and town levels Environmental Protection Law Law on Prevention and Control of Water Pollution Quality standards (5 source water classifications) GB (surface water) GB/T (ground water) 6

7 Monitoring Plans to build integrated network to monitor surface and groundwater Water quality improvements Emergency response plans/ early warning systems ~ 1440 surface water monitoring stations, (90 in 2002) State-owned Provinces responsible for operation Supervision by local EPDs Parameters depend upon water body Toxicity and metals online monitoring widely used 7

8 Continuous Toxicity Monitoring Microtox CTM 8

9 Light from Life Squid Jelly Glow worm Fungus Jelly Protozoa Firefly 9

10 Bacterial Bioluminescence: Vibrio Vibrio fischeri - bacteria sourced from deep sea fish Bacteria emit light when healthy light output reduces rapidly on contact with toxins 'Inhibition Indicator for human toxicity 10

11 Biosensors in Toxicity Monitoring Lab test since 1980 s (Microtox ) Field-portable analyser (Deltatox ) Online toxicity monitor Post 9/11 early warning systems Environmental and regulatory drivers Instant indication of aquatic health Microtox CTM Continuous Toxicity Monitor True early warning system modern day Canary in a coal mine 11

12 How does CTM Work? 12

13 CTM alarm functionality Continuously measures chemical toxicity of water source acute broadband toxicity can tolerate desirable biocides Large data set 2 data points/ sec Toxicity alarm Alert/ alarm settings cf background user-definable Correction for colour/ turbidity In-built response validation 13

14 CTM Specifications Fully automatic instrument auto calibration auto cleaning self-cleaning pre-filtration 1 month operating cycle consumable replaced monthly ~2 hour service Low skill level 14

15 Where is it Used? 15

16 Photon Count (AU) Cr(VI), 25 mg/l % Inhibition 14:22:00 14:24:30 14:27:00 14:29:30 14:32:00 14:34:30 14:37:00 14:39:30 14:42:01 14:44:31 14:47:01 14:49:31 14:52:01 Time (hh:mm:ss) 16

17 10:23:24 10:25:21 10:27:21 10:29:18 10:31:15 10:33:12 10:35:07 10:37:04 10:38:59 10:40:55 10:42:52 10:44:51 10:46:48 10:48:45 10:50:42 10:52:39 10:54:35 10:56:33 10:58:31 11:00:28 11:02:25 11:04:22 11:06:19 11:08:17 11:10:14 11:12:12 11:14:10 Photon count (PMT) 4-Chloro 3-Methyl Phenol, 5mg/L MIN 2 min Toxicity at 0 min = +64% and +57% Toxicity at 2 min = +40% and +29% Time (hh:mm:ss) 17

18 10:05:48 10:07:55 10:10:03 10:12:11 10:14:19 10:16:26 10:18:34 10:20:42 10:22:50 10:24:57 10:27:05 10:29:13 10:31:21 10:33:28 10:35:36 10:37:44 10:39:52 10:41:59 10:44:07 10:46:15 10:48:23 10:50:30 10:52:38 10:54:46 10:56:54 Photon count (PMT) Zn 0.25 mg/l min 2 min Toxicity at 2 min = +6% and +6% Toxicity at 7 min = +8% and +7% Time (hh:mm:ss) 18

19 10:58:09 11:00:20 11:02:31 11:04:42 11:06:53 11:09:04 11:11:15 11:13:26 11:15:37 11:17:48 11:19:59 11:22:10 11:24:21 11:26:32 11:28:43 11:30:54 11:33:05 11:35:16 11:37:27 11:39:38 11:41:49 11:44:00 11:46:11 11:48:22 11:50:33 Photon count (PMT) DMSO 10,000 mg/l min 7 min Toxicity at 2 min = +0.4% and +2% Toxicity at 7 min = +2% and -1% Time (hh:mm:ss) 19

20 CTM on Yangtse River Water Characterisation of source water Early warning system : industrial pollution 20

21 Levels of Detection 1: No detection 2: <10% inhibition 3: 10-25% inhibition 4: 25-50% inhibition 5: >50% inhibition 21

22 Chinese EPD Acceptance Tests Determination of EC 50 for mercury Validated against Microtox (Gold Standard) Response reproducibility on EC50 sample replicates 28 day continuous good operation Results CTM passed all tests EC mg/l Hg (0.15 mg/l HgCl 2 ) CTM approved by EPD for intake water protection More than 50 analysers installed 22

23 OVA Trace Metal Analysers 23

24 OVA 5000/ 7000 Online monitoring in ground/ surface/ seawater, wastewater, industrial effluent. Early warning system, compliance monitoring, water source characterisation Quick and accurate analysis Detection limits high ppt to low ppb Excellent correlation (+/-10%) with lab methods, much lower cost Pre-treatments remove matrix interferences Methods certified by US EPA and other agencies Return on investment as low as 3 months 24

25 Anodic Stripping Voltammetry (ASV) ASV analysis is in 2 parts: 1. Plating: Concentrates the metal onto the working electrode by reducing metal ions in solution. 2. Stripping: Ramps potential at the working electrode in +ve direction - oxidises metals off the electrode Potential of peak identifies metal Current metal concentration on electrode (and concentration in sample) 25 25

26 ASV detection limits (in clean water) 26

27 China Lake Taihu Major agricultural and industrial contamination Drinking water intake Nine monitoring stations Two OVAs per station As and Hg Zn, Cd, Pb, Cu and Ni 27

28 Bei River The Incident Cadmium from smelter reached Bei River flowing toward Guangzhou drinking water abstraction The Response OVA at water intake on Cd, Pb, Cu hourly monitoring allows timely response Result Protection of drinking water supply for 4 million people 28

29 Questions? Nicki Randles Modern Water plc