TRANSPORTATION AIR QUALITY BRIEFING. William E. Knowles, P.E. TxDOT-TPP October 16, 2013

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1 TRANSPORTATION AIR QUALITY BRIEFING William E. Knowles, P.E. TxDOT-TPP October 16, 2013

2 Presentation Overview Federal Air Quality Regulations State Implementation Plan (SIP) Transportation Conformity 2

3 Federal Air Quality Regulations 1970 Clean Air Act (CAA) Established National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for criteria pollutants 1977 CAA Amendments Transportation conformity introduced 1990 CAA Amendments More rigorous transportation conformity provisions 3

4 Overview of Pollutant Emissions Criteria Pollutants (with established NAAQS) Ozone (O 3 ) Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) Carbon Monoxide (CO) Particulate Matter (PM 10, PM 2.5 ) Lead (Pb) Sulfur Dioxide (SO 2 ) Other Mobile Source Emissions Mobile Source Air Toxics Benzene Formaldehyde Acetaldehyde 1,3-Butadiene etc Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) 4

5 Emissions Sources 5

6 Ozone Precursors 6

7 On-Road Mobile Source Emissions U.S. 60% 50% 57% 40% 30% 32% 20% 10% 0% 21% 11% 9% Direct PM 2.5 Direct PM 10 NOx VOCs CO Source: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency Our Nation s Air: Status and Trends through

8 Area Designations Nonattainment Area Does not meet NAAQS Example Ozone ( hour ozone standard of 75 ppb) 3-year average of the annual fourth-highest daily maximum 8-hour average ozone concentrations measured at each monitor within an area must not exceed NAAQS Maintenance Area Area previously in nonattainment. Must demonstrate maintenance of attainment status for two 10-year periods. Attainment Area Meets all NAAQS 8

9 Texas Nonattainment Areas Region Counties Pollutant Status Houston- Galveston- Brazoria Dallas-Fort Worth Beaumont- Port Arthur Brazoria, Chambers, Fort Bend, Galveston, Harris, Liberty, Montgomery, Waller Collin, Dallas, Denton, Ellis, Johnson, Kaufman, Parker, Rockwall, Tarrant, Wise Hardin, Jefferson, Orange 8-hr Ozone (2008) 8-hr Ozone (1997) 8-hr Ozone (2008) 8-hr Ozone (1997) 8-hr Ozone (2008) 8-hr Ozone (1997) Marginal Severe Moderate Severe Attainment Attainment Maintenance El Paso* El Paso PM-10 Moderate El Paso* El Paso CO Attainment Maintenance 9

10 State Implementation Plan Legal and federally enforceable Collaborative public process Signed by the Governor Adopted by the State Approved by EPA Identifies control strategies to attain NAAQS Addresses point, mobile, and area sources Sets the Motor Vehicle Emissions Budget (MVEB) 10

11 SIP Components and Type Components Monitoring Inventory Modeling Control Strategies MVEB Types Source: www. epa.gov Reasonable further progress (RFP) Conformity Attainment Maintenance Other 11

12 SIP and Conformity Attain not the same as Conform Emissions Inventory Other Non-Road Mobile Area On- Road Mobile Point Motor Vehicle Emissions Budget (MVEB) MTP or TIP SIP 12

13 Transportation Conformity State Air Quality Implementation Plan (SIP) Transportation Planning Documents (MTP & TIP) CONFORMITY Purpose - Ensures federal funding and approval are given to transportation plans, programs and projects consistent with air quality goals Timelines Conformity and SIP timelines do not necessarily correspond 13

14 Conformity Overview SIP (MVEB) SIP/Plan/TIP Revisions No Transportation Plan (MTP) Plan Conformity Yes Transportation Implementation Program (TIP) No TIP Conformity Yes Project Level Conformity -For non-exempt regionally significant projects -Hot-spot analysis (in CO, PM areas) 14

15 Conformity Demonstration Process Activity VMT VMT mix Speeds Road type Emission rates Vehicle type Road type Pollutant type Speed bin Time of day Total emissions Combine rates and activity Aggregate to produce daily total 15

16 Consultation / Coordination Technical Working Group (TWG) Statewide technical coordination Interagency Consultative Partners For specific region/plan Composition: Federal FHWA FTA EPA State TxDOT TCEQ Local MPOs/COGs Transit Agencies 16

17 Conformity Determination Triggers Every 4 years Changes to plans, programs, projects SIP revision that changes emission budgets Net change in TCMs (except within substitution rule) New NAAQS Re-designation of area 17

18 Conformity Lapse One year grace period (does not apply for new NAAQS designations) If deadline is missed New project phases requiring a conformity determination cannot be advanced Federally funded projects and regionally significant projects not advanced Exemptions include TCMs, safety projects, mass transit, etc. 18