Restoration Program of Bay Ecosystem through Eco-Compatible Management of River Basin Complex around the Bay

Transcription

1 Restoration Program of ay through Eco-Compatible Management of River asin Complex around the ay XIèmes JOURNÉ NATIONA GÉNIE CÔTIER - GÉNIE CIVI SA D OONNE 22 JUIN 2010 Tetsuro TSUJIMOTO Nagoya University ttsujimoto@genv.nagoya-u.ac.jp 1 Kiso River System Nagoya Metropolis Ise ay Japan Alps Pacific Ocean Japan Sea Tokyo-bay Osaka-bay Ise-bay Pacific Ocean Ise-bay River asin Complex with Nagoya Metropolis Tokyo-bay River asin Complex with Tokyo Metropolis Osaka-bay River asin Complex with Osaka Metropolis Multiple rivers pour into a bay with water quality, ecosystem, fishery ay, Metropolis, and River-basins are in the same destiny 2 Tokyo-ay Restoration Program ased on Eco-compatible Management of river basin complex River asin Restoration Policy Menue (1) Sewage system layout (2) Regulation of disposal (for point sources) (3) Eco-compatible river basin ay-shoreline Policy Target ay Water quality criteria of bay ay Restoration Policy Menue (1) Restoration of fishery (2) Restoration of ecosystem Initiative Research Project Ise-ay Restoration Program With Eco-compatible Management Of River asin Complex Target for River asin service for local communities in river basin Target of Rive asin Complex Management Maximize Σ() Target in ay Area Fishery Restoration Sound ay service in ay area New Research Project started in ( ) Research Project of Eco-compatible compatible Management of Ise ay River asin Complex million USD for 5 years Assessment (Integration)... NHRI, NIIM T1 for River asin... NHRI T2 for River asin Forests... NI Rivers... PWRI, NHRI Agricultural area... NIRE, PWRI T1 for ay Area... NI T2 for ay Area... NRIA, NRIFE, NI T3... NHRI, NI, NIIM *NHRI=Nagoya Institute for River asin Management, Nagoya Univ. NIIM=National Institute for and and Infrastructure Management PWRI=Public Works Research Institute NI=National Institute for Environmental Studies NIRE=National Institute for Rural Engineering NRIA=National Research Institute of Aquaculture NRIFE=National Research Institute of Fisheries Engineering T1=tool box to describe water/material flux network T2=tool box to describe mechanism of various ecosystems 4 T3=tool box to standardize and integrate various ecosystem service

2 Focus on River asin Assembly of water/material flux networks Hydrological cycle drives not only water but also sediment/material transport and changing process, further more eco-system Scattered landscapes connected by flux networks which form respective ecosystem. andscapemorphology + land use (characterized) River basin ocal site Flux-in Coast Coast Divide Divide Natural Flux Networks Natural flux network River asin River asin andscape andscape service River Network Infrastructure Flux Network Functions infrastructure Functions flux network Coastal Zone Coastal Zone A Physical basement Sediment Flow transport Vegetation Morphology for material cycle C io aspect Material Cycle function assimilation life history filtering growth, breeding Energy supply (de)nitrification Food web decomposition Competition function Flux-out + 5 River asin Complex Multiple river basins are connecting one another by artificial networks due to population increase and economic efficiency destiny with metropolis Facing to bay area environment related to human activities River asin 2 River asin facility River asin 3 ay Ocean Coast River system Natural flux network Divide flux Network (Traffic) channel andscape element to bring ecosystem 6 Tool ox 1 to represent water/material flux networks Tool ox 1 River basin runoff process Sub-basin from upstream + =Channel + Slope Slope A A Slope from upstream Channel A A Channel Channel Slope AA C Channel C Slope CC Tool ox 2 Tool ox 2 to describe ecosystem mechanism of locally distributed andscape andscape unit to form ecosystem as interrelating system Geography Tool ox 2 and use map to downstream Slope ocal site Flux-in Channel A A Morphology) Tool in Inflow flux ox 1 (boundary Material Sources Runoff model condition) A Physical basement Sediment C & Transport eq. Channel C Flow transport Modeling Physical basement (Hydrological cycle, Vegetation Morphology Slope C C () sediment transport) Flux network of water PHASIM C to downstream io aspect Material Cycle Network Transport equation Hydrodynamics in a bay provision for material cycle function assimilation life history River basin filtering growth, breeding Energy supply (de)nitrification Material flux network (Terrestrial) Flux change out Food web decomposition Coast-Shore oimass Competition function Interface by various materials Driven by Runoff Flux network Tool ay Tool ox ox 3 3 Tool ox 1 Tool ox 1 (feedback) Flux-out + Interface to artificial flux networks Interface with ecosystem functions S In scattered landscape units 7 8 Ocean for material cycle

3 Total System to describe River asin Complex andscape(a) A Tool ox x 2A Tool ox 2A Tool ox 3 andscape(c) C Tool ox 2C Tool ox 1A (and ( Tool ox 1 (Sea Tool ox 2D (Sea Terrestrial and area River asin andscape() Tool ox 2 Tool ox 2 Sea ay Area andscape(d) D Output=standardization + Integration of ecosystem service Present situation of river basin Transition from 50 years ago Evaluation of 30years future situation with different scenarios Eco-compatibility assessment framework 9 Image of Coupling various T2 with T1 : : Flux change PM: Policy Menu Ex.2) Sand River -Middle Reach- Modeling the effect of water purification by attached algae : water purification : water (Q), T-N PM: Control of water discharge by dam operation change Tideland ackground (Tool ox 1) + Estuary Tideland + in River Middle Reach Coastal Area ay Area Forests River Upper Reach rackish water rackish ake Area out Ex.1) Forested Area Modeling the quantity of CO2 extraction by the trees : CO2 extraction : water (Q), T-N,SS PM: Change of the tree class, Forest thinning (Forest Management) out Water Intake Sluice in Agriculture and Reservoir out in+ Ex.3) Tidal Area Modeling the quantity of ecological production due to the conditions of physical basement : Food provision, Water purification : water (Q), T-N PM: Creation of tideland, Settled of Nori-net 10 Tool ox 1 for ay area River basin (Terrestrial) Coast-Shore Driven by Runoff ay S T1 for River asin T1 for ay Hydrodynamics Including Primary production Time series of flux inflow into bay Initial TSalt Chl-aDO TN, TP TOC UVW ay water quality Ocean T2 for ay Deposit Promotion Growth of Individual dw/dt arvae source Juvnile deposition Matured population iomass (Fishery Resource) dn/dt Death due toack of DO Annual discharge (x10 9 m 3 /year) NRIFE NRIAC NI Fishery Renewal TSalt Chl-aDO TN, TP TOC UVW A Miya Kushida C Kumodu D Suzuka-1 E Suzuka-2 F Ibi-1 G Ibi-2 H Ibi-3 I Ibi-4 J Ibi-5 K Nagara-1 Nagara-2 M Nagara-3 N Nagara-4 O Kiso P Shonai-1 Q Shonai-2 R Yahagi-1 S Yahagi-2 T Toyo-1 U Toyo-2 A C D E F G H I J K Annual oad of COD (x10 2 ton/year) Examples of output from basins Sewage system Industrial waste Animal waste oad from human life oad from surface runoff oad from rainfall drop Calculated Measured M N O P Q R S T U Annual water discharges from rivers Miya Kushida Kumodu Suzuka Ibi Nagara Kiso Shonai Yahagi Toyo Name of river basin in Ise bay basin complex Annual load of materials from 11 rivers Salinity May 1991 May 1991 Velocity May 2003 May

4 Representative landscape in bay area From view point of ecosystem and human activity (fishery) Tidal flat Fishery activity of typical species of bivalvia short-neck clam (Manila clam) Ruditapes philippinarum Planktonic stage Pediveliger entho planktonic stage Settlement D shaped larva Plantigrade 101ha 379ha Spawning Fertilized eggs enthic stage 17ha 429ha 314ha 426ha 374ha 580ha Adult Juvenile S>15mm S:115mm Dioecious(female and male are different individuals) 13 The life cycle of Asari clam, Ruditapes philippinarum 14 short-neck clam (Manila clam), Ruditapes philippinarum ife cycle conditions improvement targets Adult Spawning against by low DO attack well-fed (Chl.a) arvae drift surface hydrodynamics (planktonic stage) Juvenile settlement stability (wave, velocity, substratum) Growth by feeding well-fed (Chl.a) Adult Resources (Fishery, Recruit) service (food, water purification) Tool ox 2 Tool ox 1 arvae drift network among respective tidal flats Meta Individuals Origin-Destination Analysis of larvae drift by using hydrodynamic simulation of bay surface water April 22 ackward tracing June 6 Forward tracing May 1 Tool ox % Origin (arvae) June 25 Destination (Settlement) 27%

5 Conclusions: ay Restoration Program requires Eco-compatible Management of River asin Complex multiple river basins + bay Assembly of water/material flux networks Scattered landscape units connected by flux networks Eco-compatibility is assessed by using We have developed three tool boxes: T 1 to describe flux networks (runoff in river basin, hydrodynamics in bay, artificial networks) T 2 to describe ecosystem to evaluate ecosystem function change of flux and ecosystem service T 3 to standardize and integrate ecosystem service. We have recognized past 50 years change of river basin complex; and We are ready to assess several future scenarios for eco-compatible management of river basin complex for sustainability 17