energiesand employment: The

Transcription

1 Renewableenergies energiesand employment: The Spanish Situation 1

2 Index What is ISTAS? Last report carried out by ISTAS Skill requirements Conclusions Occupations Qualifications Training requirements Industry specific requirements Professional profiles Results 2

3 What is ISTAS? ISTAS (Union( Institute of Work, Environment and Health) is a self-managed trade union s technical foundation supported by the Spanish Trade Union Confederation CCOO to promote the improvement of working conditions, occupational health and safety and environmental protection in Spain. Research, studies, publications and actions carried out by ISTAS have a basic operative goal: : the improvement of health and safety at work and environmental protection. 3

4 What is ISTAS? lines of work Occupational safety and health Risk prevention Dangerous substances and labour risks Health hazard Collective bargaining Environment Chemical risk Water Waste management Energy and climate change Reference Centre of Renewable Energies and Employment 4

5 Studies carried out by ISTAS

6 Methodology OBJECT OF THE STUDY This studies explores economic, business, and association activities directly involved in the operation of renewable energy sources. 6

7 Renewable energies and employment generation in Spain 1. Background conditions 2. Contracting 3. Assessment of resources 4. Selecting Location Stages of development of renewable energies 5. Land availability 6. Design 7. Permits and Licenses 8. Environmental Assessment 9. Economic Analysis 10. Interconnection studies 11. Marketing 12. Funding 13. Manufacture of components 14. Building Operation and Maintenance

8 General features of regions surveyed 8

9 Spain 2007 Analysis of the survey to companies The sector of renewable energies is relatively recent with an average lifespan of 16 years and in which one out of every three enterprises has been created after Half of the enterprises related to renewable energies combine their activity to some degree with other industrial activities. However, a strong link exists with renewable energies, 65% of the enterprises deploy more than 50% of their activity in this sector Those enterprises that are fully involved in this sector are either medium-sized or small with an average staff of 44 workers. 9

10 Spain 2007 Analysis of the survey to companies Size of the enterprise by number of workers < than 10 workers to 50 workers 51 to 250 workers 251 to 1000 workers >1000 workers

11 Spain 2007 Analysis of the survey to companies The business structure in the renewable energy sector is basically divided into two categories of enterprises adapted to the aforementioned markets and whose strategies are clearly different. Big corporations who own the technology more and more oriented to the international market. That strategy offers wider versatility for the industry since it will not depend on a single market. It also offers great opportunities to diversify some technologies that would not prove profitable in developed countries. A great number of SMEs oriented to the internal market whitch is divided by regions. 11

12 Spain 2007 Analysis of the survey to companies Renewable energy enterprises are spread throughout the different regions and concentrate to a greater extent in traditional industrial regions like Madrid, Catalonia, the region of Valencia, the Basque country and Andalusia. Navarra is the leading region per enterprise/population ratio. The development of renewable energies has been influenced by many factors, among them institutional support. 12

13 Spain 2007 Analysis of the survey to companies Most enterprises are involved in three main production lines: solar photovoltaic energy (57,6%), solar thermal energy (43,4%) and wind energy (35,3%). In terms of specific activities most enterprises are involved in installation (52.4%) while 21.6% carry out maintenance operations. A lower percentage (14.7%) includes enterprises involved in equipment sales, whereas some 13% is involved in energy production. 13

14 Spain 2007 Analysis of the survey to companies Employment in 2007 in Renewable Energies Direct jobs Activities A Activities B Indirect jobs (ratio 1.12) TOTAL direct and indirect % 75,70% 24,3 A-type activities: construction, operation and maintenance jobs. B-type activities: administrative, sales and project/engineering jobs 14

15 Spain 2007 Analysis of the survey to companies The production process has been divided into two main categories: Operation and maintenance: jobs required to carry out operation and management of the plant. These jobs would be permanent throughout the lifespan of the energy plant. Building and installation: this category includes the jobs required to start up new energy plants. Employment will remain stable as long as renewable energy facilities are being set up. 15

16 Spain 2007 Analysis of the survey to companies Employment in 2007 in Renewable Energies Direct jobs OM CIO % 9,58% 90,42% OM: Operation and Maintenance. CIO: Construction, Installation and Others. 16

17 Spain 2007 Analysis of the survey to companies Most of the jobs in this sector concentrate on the categories of building of new facilities, installation and maintenance followed by equipment manufacture. Subcontracting makes it difficult to calculate the number of newly created jobs. Subcontracted work required lower qualifications and are usually directed by the criteria of those sectors where they were initially registered. The sector is now becoming more stable in terms of building and installation jobs. Operation and maintenance jobs (requiring specific qualification) acquire more significance. 17

18 Spain 2007 Analysis of the survey to companies Jobs distribution by main departments Promotion, commercializ, sales 11% Administration 14% Production 42% Development of projects 20% 18 Direction and coordination 13%

19 Analysis of the survey Comparation Spain07 - Autonomous Communities 08 Jobs distribution by main departments Departments Spain Catalonia Madrid Navarre % % % % Industrial production 27, ,5 40,9 Production: installation 21,4 13,6 18,9 Promotion, commercialization, sales 10, ,4 3,8 Administration 13,5 9,8 8,3 7,6 Development of projects 19,8 16, ,6 19 Direction and coordination 13,2 2,8 7 7,3 Other departments 8,2 3

20 Other departments Jobs distribution by main departments Direction and coordination Analysis of the survey Comparation Spain07 - Autonomous Communities 08 Spain % Catalonia % Madrid % Navarre % Development of projects Administration Promotion, commercialization, sales Production: installation Industrial production

21 Spain 2007 Analysis of the survey to companies Distribution of employment by sub-sectors of renewable energy Subsector of renewable energies Nº of workers renewable energies % in total employment 21 Wind ,97 Small hydropower ,58 Solar Thermal ,28 Solar Thermoelectric 968 1,08 Solar Photovoltaic ,9 Biomass ,65 Biofuels ,17 Biogas ,45 Others (1) ,92 Total renewable energies (1) Hydrogen, geothermal

22 Catalonia, Madrid & Navarre 2008 Analysis of the survey to companies Distribution of employment by sub-sectors of renewable energy Tecnology Catalonia Madrid Navarre Windpower Small hydropower Solar Thermal Solar thermoelectric Solar Photovoltaic Biomass Biofuel Biogas Other Common activities TOTAL

23 Common activities Analysis of the survey Comparation Spain 07 - Autonomous Communities 08 Distribution of employment by tecnonologies Other Biogas Spain % Catalonia % Madrid % Navarre % Biofue l Biomass Solar Photov oltaic Solar thermoelectric Solar The rmal Small hydropowe r Windpowe r

24 24 Estimates on the number of jobs for 2010 and 2020 Employment in 2007, 2010 and 2020 by types of energy Type de energy Employment 2007 Employment forecast 2010 ISTAS Employment 2020 Scenario A* Employment 2020 Scenario B* Wind Small hydropower Solar Thermal Solar thermoelectric Solar Photovoltaic Biomass Biofuel Biogas Other TOTAL

25 Estimates on the number of jobs for 2010 and 2020 Employment evolution according to the considered scenarios Total jobs by scenarios Evolution of employment in the categories Building/Installation/other and Operation/maintenance N º o f w o r k e rs TOTAL J o b s Building/Installation/other Operation and maintenance jobs 2007 jobs 2010 jobs 2020 Scenario A Jobs jobs 2020 Scenario B A 2020 B Scenarios 25

26 Estimates on the number of jobs for 2010 and 2020 Professional categories Supervisor 9% Officers 28% Technical engineers 18% Assistants 13% Advanced university degree 32% 26

27 Estimates on the number of jobs for 2010 and 2020 Type of contract by professional category 100% 80% 60% 40% 20% 0% Directors Engineers Technicians Supervisors Officers Assistants Training / practice Limited duration Permanent 27

28 Presentation of the studies The constant development of the Renewable Energies not only constitutes a mechanism for the mitigation of the effects of the climatic change and protection of the environment, but also represents a positive social contribution in terms of employment creation. 28

29 Thanks /07/2009 Energías renovables y empleo en la Comunidad Autónoma de Madrid: situación actual

30 Methodology 1. Qualitative technique: Semi-structured interview to key informants, with an informative purpose. Exploratory and complementary to the quantitative analysis. Interviewed people: persons who, by their work, own a clear vision of differents aspects of the present study. Analysis by categories to comparison of more significant aspects. 30

31 Methodology 2. Quantitative technique: Telephone survey to management/human resources positions in renewable energy companies. Questionnaire, 3 big categories: description of the company, employment, training & professional qualification, structure of the sector. Same model of questionnaire the four surveys, whith small changes. 31

32 Methodology STATISTICAL SPECIFICATIONS: Telephone surveys interviews Spain 2007: 1,027 companies. 422 questionnaires were completed in all the Spanish territory, with a sampling error nonsuperior to +3.73% as a whole with a confidence interval of the 95.45%. Madrid 2008: 484 companies. Sampling error %, to the 95.5 %. Catalonia 2008: 481 companies. Sampling error + 5,41% to the 95.5 %. Navarre 2008: 85 companies, 53 participants. Sampling error + 8,48% to the 95.5 %. 32