Purdue University 7/18/ National Air Emissions Monitoring Study. Agricultural and Biological Engineering

Transcription

1 Air Quality Education in Animal Agriculture Webcast eries National Air Emissions Monitoring tudy Albert J. Heber, Professor Purdue Agricultural Air Quality Laboratory Agricultural and Biological Engineering Objective Evaluate whether livestock operations emit PM and OC > CAA thresholds, or NH and H > CERCLA and EPCRA reporting requirements. $.M Eight () states across the U.. Two () years of monitoring Air emissions from two to three barns per site are being measured for months using EPA-approved methods. tudy Design Twenty representative livestock production sites. Outdoor manure facilities () and corral () monitored every season Hydrogen sulfide (UDOA or pulsed fluorescence w/ -OP). Ammonia (TDLA, UDOA, photoacoustic spectroscopy) Ethanol, methanol (photoacoustic spectroscopy w/ -OP) Radial Plume Mapping with TDLA Backward Lagrangian stochastic (bl) modeling with -OP Barns () monitored continuously Hydrogen sulfide (pulsed flourescence) Ammonia (photoacoustic spectroscopy) Ethanol, methanol (photoacoustic spectroscopy) Non-methane hydrocarbons (GC-FID) Carbon dioxide (photoacoustic spectroscopy) TP, PM., PM 0 (TEOM) Barn airflow (fan speed, pressure, velocity, portable fan tester) Integrated sampling at barns OCs: GC-M (canisters, tubes), IC (impingers) EPA-approved standard operating procedures Archived at: //00

2 Air Quality Education in Animal Agriculture Webcast eries General Timeline of NAEM 00 Development of Protocol 00 PI election, taffing, Budgeting 00 ite election, Quality Assurance Project Plan 00 etup of Barn and Open ource Emission Monitoring 00 Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting 00 Data Collection, Analysis and Reporting 00 ubmit Final Report of NAEM to EPA 0 EPA Develops Emissions Estimating Methodologies DAQ Equipment Acquisition and ite etup 00 QC G Real-Time PM Measurements PM. (very fine particles) PM0 (fine particles) TP (total suspended particles) PM0 PM. TP Archived at: //00

3 Air Quality Education in Animal Agriculture Webcast eries OC ampling and Analysis Canister orbent tubes Impinger GC-M NH, CO and OC Measurements pecies ite NMHC OC Broilers CAB NH CO Eth - CH IC/GC-M Dairy NYB NH CO ic/gc-ms* WAB " CO ic/gc-ms* WIB " CO NO - CH GC-FID ic/gc-ms* CAB " Meth Eth - CH GC-FID ic/gc-ms* INB " CO Eth - CH IC/GC-M Layers CAB NH CO Eth NO CH ic/gc-ms INB " CO ic/gc-ms* NCB " CO ic/gc-ms* INH " CO Eth - CH IC/GC-M wine NCB NH CO ic/gc-ms* NCB " CO ic/gc-ms* OKB " CO ic/gc-ms* IAB " CO NO - CH ic/gc-ms* INB " Meth Eth - CH GC-FID IC/GC-M *Every quarter after initial characterization. ummary of NAEM ites pecies Barns per ite Total number Number of Area ites -b -b -b ites Barns Corrals Lagoons Basins Total wine 0 0 Dairy 0 0 Layers Broilers Total 0 Archived at: //00

4 Air Quality Education in Animal Agriculture Webcast eries Bypass Pumping Circuit Gas ampling ystem Exhaust Thermostat Cooling fan M MbM b ampling control Data acquisition P Needle Ball Bag Fill MbM alve alve Port b Filter Flow Direction ensor f f NH /CO H /OCs acuum ensor p RH/T RH/Temp sensor M a H HCO M s Ms MC f P Flow Mass Restrictor Flow Meter CH H /NMHC B olenoid alve A Rotameter Cal Gases NH CO H -port Dilutor ( L/min) C H /CH O Zero Air In Barn Gas ampling ystem Instrument Rack Tubing and Fitting Material: Teflon Nylon tainless teel Type of Line: ampling Exhaust Calibration Abbreviation: P Pump M Manifold Gas ampling ystem Manual sampling port Bypass exhaust Tubing holder Bypass manifold Cooling fan Gas ports olenoids ample manifold Bypass manifold Manual sampling control valve NAEM Broiler ite WAA WAB CAB CAB CAB Litter on Floor Tunnel entilated OKA OKA OKB IAA IAB WIA WIB INB INH INB INA INA INB NYB NCB NCA NCB NCA NCB Legend Broilers Layers wine finishers ows (swine) Dairies A Open source B Barn source TXA Archived at: //00

5 Air Quality Education in Animal Agriculture Webcast eries Legend for ite Drawings Exhaust Fan Air inlet Manure conveyer Instrument helter Manure Drying Belts Cages Heated Raceway Insulated tubing bundle TEOM Impeller anemometer Ultrasonic anemometer Activity sensor Thermocouple Air sampling RPM sensor Door open/close sensor tatic pressure port RH/Temp probe olar sensor Exhaust fan Wind sensor Broiler chickens Layer hens Finishing pigs ows Dairy cows California Broiler ite CAB (Dr. Ruihong Zhang) 0 Barn (. m x m) 0 Barn 0 (. m x m) Barn N Barn 0 NAEM Layer ites WAA WAB High Rise Dropping Boards Manure Belt WIA WIB High Rise Curtain Backed Cages NYB CAB CAB CAB OKA OKA OKB IAA IAB INB INH INB INA INA INB NCB NCA NCB NCA NCB Legend Broilers Layers wine finishers ows (swine) Dairies A Open source B Barn source TXA High Rise Curtain Backed Cages Tunnel entilated Archived at: //00

6 Air Quality Education in Animal Agriculture Webcast eries North Carolina Layer ite NCB (Dr. Lingjuan Wang) Barn Barn Barn High Rise Barns ( m x m) Barn Indiana Layer ite INH (Dr. JiQin Ni) Gravel Drive Barn High Rise Barns (00 x 0 ) Barn Barn Barn House size 0 x Fan# 0 Indiana Layer ite INB (Dr. JiQin Ni) 0T 0B0 T B 0 Manure shed 0 x Fan# 0T 0B0 Barn T B T B 0T 0B Fan# 0 Barn 0T 0B 0 T B 0 Archived at: //00

7 Air Quality Education in Animal Agriculture Webcast eries California Layer ite CAB (Dr. Ruihong Zhang) Barn 0 N Egg conveyor High Rise Houses ( ft x ft) House House Feed bins 0 Water, power, phone Barn Cages House House OFI NAEM wine Barn ites Finish: Deep Pit WAA WAB ow: Deep Pit WIA WIB ow Lagoon NYB Finish: Pull-Plug CAB CAB CAB ow: Pull-Plug IAA IAB Finisher Basin OKA OKA OKB INB INB INA INA INB NCB NCA NCB NCA NCB Legend Broilers Layers wine finishers ows (swine) Dairies A Open source B Barn source TXA Finisher Lagoon ow Lagoon ow: Pull-Plug Finisher Lagoon ow Lagoon Iowa wine ite IAB (Dr. Jacek Koziel) Breeding/Gestation Thermocouple Air sampling N Cool Cell Wind sensor tatic pressure port RH/Temp probe Office TEOM Anemometer Activity sensor Instrument shelter 0 0 OFI Gestation olar sensor Exhaust fan Heated raceway Pit fan Gas sampling location group number Breeding/Gestation in emergency curtain running length of building Farrowing Archived at: //00

8 Air Quality Education in Animal Agriculture Webcast eries Indiana wine ite INB (Dr. Teng Lim) Each room is 00 ft x ft. Fan number Room Room Loadout OFI Room Room entilation stage Oklahoma wine ite OKB (Dr. Ken Casey) Heater tatic pressure port Thermocouple olar sensor Anemometer Activity sensor RH/Temp probe Air sampling Exhaust fan TEOM outdoor enclosure TEOM Wind sensor Pit Fan Cross section of gestation barn showing measurement locations. N Room number 0 Farrowing barn 0 Oklahoma wine ite OKB (Dr. Ken Casey) Breeding / Gestation barn # Barn top-view layout with measurement locations. Breeding / Gestation barn # Archived at: //00

9 Air Quality Education in Animal Agriculture Webcast eries North Carolina wine ite NCB (Dr. Wayne Robarge) Barn ½ Barn ½ ½ ½ ½ ½ Barn Each room is ft x ft entilation stage Barn North Carolina wine ite NCB (Dr. Wayne Robarge) Cooling cell (stage ) Barn (Breeding-Gestation) (0 ft x ft) Cooling cell (stage ) 0 - Barn (Gestation) ( ft x 0 ft) N W E,, Barn (Farrowing) ( ft x ft) Activity sensor tatic pressure port Thermocouple Heated raceway Instrument helter Anemometer RH/Temp probe TEOM Gas heater Air sampling Wind sensor olar sensor Cool cell Exhaust fan Barn top-view layout showing measurement locations. NAEM Dairy ites WAA WAB Naturally entilated Flush, Manure bedding Crossflow entilated Flush, havings bedding Tunnel entilated crape, Dig. Man Bedding Lagoon Lagoon WIA WIB NYB CAB CAB CAB Naturally entilated Flush, Manure+ bedding OKA OKA OKB IAA IAB INB INH INB INA INA INB Lagoon NCB NCA Tunnel NCB entilated NCA crape, NCB Dig. Man Bedding Legend Broilers Layers wine finishers ows (swine) Dairies A Open source B Barn source TXA Corral Archived at: //00

10 Air Quality Education in Animal Agriculture Webcast eries New York Dairy ite NYB (Curt Gooch) Indiana Dairy ite INB (Dr. Teng Lim) N Bank of fans Milking Center Each fan symbol represents fans along here. Dry Cow Barn NW NW NE NE Barn Barn W W E E Fan numbers entilation stage Offices and Milking Parlor Cow holding entilation tage Barn Wisconsin Dairy ite WIB (Dr. Larry Jacobson) Fan Number OFI Barn Barn Holding N Barn Parlor Archived at: //00 0

11 Air Quality Education in Animal Agriculture Webcast eries California Dairy ite CAB (Dr. Frank Mitloehner) Barn (identical) OFI oil temperature Barn (0 ft x ft) 0 0 Barn Barn Barns and Washington Dairy ite WAB (Dr. Phil Ndegwa) N Barn 0 0 OFI Barn tatic pressure port Thermocouple olar sensor Ultrasonic Anemometer RH/Temp probe Air sampling Wind sensor Heated raceway Activity sensor OFI TEOM ummary of ite etup Milestones ite Day ensors EPA Audit CAB //0 //0 CAB 0//0 0 - INB //0 - INH //0 //0 NCB //0 0 - INB //0 //0 NCB /0/0 - NCB //0 - IAB //0 - OKB /0/0 - CAB //0 //0 INB //0 //0 NYB 0//0 0 //0 WAB //0 - WIB //0 - Archived at: //00

12 Air Quality Education in Animal Agriculture Webcast eries Open ource Measurement ites (Dr. Rich Grant) Type Dairy Dairy Dairy Dairy Pork-sow Pork-finisher Pork-sow Pork-finisher Pork-sow Pork-finisher Region outhwest- TX East- IN Midwest- WI Northwest- WA outheast- NC outheast- NC Midwest- IN Midwest- IA West- OK West- OK Roving teams visit each area source once each quarter ource: Dr. Rich Grant, Purdue University, April, 00 NH Measurements: TDLA [NH] : 0 ppb 00m ( ppm-m MDL),, 0 m Up to 00 m,, TDLA reflector TDLA ource: Dr. Rich Grant, Purdue University, April, 00 RPM emissions IR beam executing a single monitoring event ( events make up a complete plume traverse ) Retroreflectors mounted above the ground Wind Direction ource Directly measured plume component TDLA FTIR on scanner If all four sides valid Q= pathlength 0m y= 0 z= 0 ) ( C u y, z) z Ground measured retroreflectors If downwind sides valid and upwind path valid pathlength 0m ) ( Cy, z Cbg) uz y= 0 z= 0 Q= A plume of some area with measured concentration traveling at some speed is the emission from the lagoon ource: Dr. Rich Grant, Purdue University, April, 00 Archived at: //00

13 Thermostat Cooling fan ampling control Bypass Pumping Circuit Mb Needle alve Data acquisition Flow Direction ensor NH /OCs f f RH/T Filter acuum RH/Temp ensor -OP N sensor p H -OP Ms MC f Rotameter P Mass Flow Meter Around source Gas ampling ystem Instrument Rack P Ball Bag Fill alve Port Exhaust Air Quality Education in Animal Agriculture Webcast eries -OP/ Gas sampling system Around source In trailer WIND M b H M a H M s Tubing and Fitting Material: Teflon Nylon Type of Line: ampling Exhaust Abbreviation: P Pump M Manifold 0 m path ource: Dr. Rich Grant, Purdue University, April, 00 bl emissions Wind Direction -OP Q obs = ( Cobs Cobsbg, [ C / Q ] sim sim ) ource: Dr. Rich Grant, Purdue University, April, 00 Meteorological and lagoon measurements m D sonic T,RH Datalogger atmospheric pressure olar radiation wetness m, m D sonic Lagoon float Temperature, ph, redox Berm ource: Dr. Rich Grant, Purdue University, April, 00 Archived at: //00

14 Air Quality Education in Animal Agriculture Webcast eries Open ources Funded Add-On tudies Odor measurement Greenhouse gas measurement PM size distribution measurement Tests of exhaust air treatment ummary of NAEM Progress All sites were selected in 00 All sites were set up in 00 Emission monitoring at all sites in data is being reviewed internally. Archived at: //00

15 Air Quality Education in Animal Agriculture Webcast eries What Comes After NAEM? Continued measurements using NAEM infrastructure and expertise. ource emission model development. Check out and Archived at: //00