Skyway 126 Wind Energy

Transcription

1 Prepared by: M.K. Ince and Associates Ltd. Prepared for: Cloudy Ridge Wind Park LP December 17, 2014

2 December 17, 2014 Cloudy Ridge Wind Park LP c/o Zero Emission People 346 Waverley Street Ottawa, ON K2P 0W5 Attention: Reference: Ingo Stuckmann Skyway 126 Wind Energy, Dear Dr. Stuckmann, We are pleased to present a copy of the for the Skyway 126 Wind Energy project. This report provides the shadow flicker analysis results and conclusions for the Skyway 126 Wind Energy turbine layout recently revised, as described in the Draft Project Design Change Summary Report, dated December 17, This report contains eight sections that describe the site, the methodology, interpretation of results, and conclusions. One appendix is included which contains the detailed model output. The modeling performed simulated both a worst case and an expected case scenario. The former assumes that the turbines will always be running perpendicular to houses with no cloud cover and the latter utilizes measured wind data and historical insolation data. There are no known regulations pertaining to shadow flicker in Canadian jurisdictions. Best practices were used to generate general information with regards to the shadow flicker expected as a result of the Skyway 126 Wind Energy facility. From the modeling results, it is anticipated that the Skyway 126 Wind Energy project turbines will result in a maximum of 59 hours and 49 minutes of shadow flicker occurring over the course of a year at the most impacted residence under worst case meteorological conditions. However, it is anticipated that actual shadow flicker occurrence, given local weather patterns, will be substantially less with 17 hours 17 minutes of shadow flicker expected per year at the most impacted non-participating residence. Sincerely, M. K. INCE AND ASSOCIATES LTD. Martin Ince, P. Eng

3 Table of Contents SKYWAY 126 WIND ENERGY INTRODUCTION SITE CONDITIONS SHADOW FLICKER EVALUATION TECHNIQUES SHADOW FLICKER BACKGROUND SHADOW FLICKER FREQUENCY SHADOW FLICKER RECEPTORS SHADOW FLICKER SOURCES WIND TURBINE DESCRIPTION WIND FARM LAYOUT IMPACT ASSESSMENT CONCLUSIONS RECOMMENDATIONS QUALIFICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS... 9 List of Tables TABLE 5-1: MAXIMUM SHADOW FLICKER SUMMARY... 5 List of Figures FIGURE 2-1: SKYWAY 126 WIND ENERGY PROJECT PROJECT OVERVIEW MAP... 2 FIGURE 5-1: SKYWAY 126 WIND ENERGY PROJECT -- SHADOW FLICKER MAP (WORST CASE SCENARIO)... 8 List of Appendices Appendix A Detailed Calculation Results M.K. Ince and Associates Ltd. i December 17, 2014

4 1 INTRODUCTION M. K. Ince and Associates Ltd. (MKI) has produced this report to assess the impacts of shadow flicker from the Skyway 126 Wind Energy project. 2 SITE CONDITIONS The Skyway 126 Wind Energy project area is proposed on private lands near the community of Badjeros in the Municipality of Grey Highlands. Figure 2-1 identifies the Project Location at which all turbines will be sited. M.K. Ince and Associates Ltd. 1 December 17, 2014

5 Figure 2-1: Skyway 126 Wind Energy Project Project Overview Map M.K. Ince and Associates Ltd. 2 December 17, 2014

6 3 SHADOW FLICKER EVALUATION TECHNIQUES 3.1 Shadow Flicker Background Shadow flicker (SF) occurs when the blades from a wind turbine pass between an observer and the sun. As a wind turbine rotates, the shadow cast by the blades can cause a flicker for an observer, which can be considered an annoyance. Only specific locations around a turbine will be affected by shadow flicker. Shadow flicker is predictable and is computationally modeled. No known Canadian regulations currently govern the amount of time a given location can be affected by SF. Shadow flicker calculations were performed using WindPro 2.9 software to predict both the area that will be affected by SF and the corresponding dates, times, and total annual hours over which it will occur. The calculations use nearby measured wind data to predict turbine operational probability and turbine orientation probability. Historical sunshine probabilities are used to model the position of potential shadows as the sun moves across the sky throughout a year. Modeled receptors were placed at buildings near turbines to give location specific data. Defining parameters of the SF calculations are outlined below: The calculations begin once the sun has risen 3 degrees above the horizon. The calculation uses 1 minute time steps for each day of the year. A condition requiring that a turbine blade must cover at least 20% of the sun to create a shadow on the receptor was used to closely model reality and define the maximum distance from a turbine that is affected by SF. Receptor directional orientation angles (azimuth) were set to be considered perpendicular to each turbine to maximize exposure to SF. This was done in order to yield conservative results at the receptor location. For the expected case calculations, regional weather data were obtained from the National Centers for Environmental Prediction - North American Regional Reanalysis, which is a geographically high resolution database that estimates weather patterns across North America using historic and real-time regional meteorological data. Monthly average sunshine probability data were obtained from Environment Canada for the Toronto weather station (the nearest station meeting World Meteorological Organization Standards with complete sunshine data). Based on the above assumptions, shadow flicker results are expected to be accurate with respect to local conditions yet conservative in overall time estimates for the modeled size of the receptor. 3.2 Shadow Flicker Frequency An additional important visual consideration is SF frequency; the amount of times per second a turbine blade crossed between an observer and the sun. Research indicates that frequencies between 2.5 and 20 Hz (cycles per second) cause annoyance and can even trigger epileptic problems for a certain portion of the population [Burton, Sharpe, Jenkins, Bossanyi, Wind Energy Handbook. West Sussex: John Wiley & Sons Ltd, 2001]. M.K. Ince and Associates Ltd. 3 December 17, 2014

7 The formula used to calculate shadow flicker frequency is as follows: Rotor RPM Numberof Blades SF Frequency(Hz) 60 SF frequency calculation results are included in Section 4.1 & Section Shadow Flicker Receptors A list of building and vacant lot coordinates surrounding the Project was compiled by MKI during field visits, using aerial photography and digital parcel data and obtaining confirmation with the municipality regarding in-process lot severances and building permits. Locations of these shadow receptors were finalized on December 16, From this list shadow flicker was modeled at the shadow receptors that lie within approximately 2 km of the Project turbines. Shadow Flicker receptors are defined by the following parameters: Location Length Width Height above ground Slope angle Directional orientation Appendix A includes maps showing SF receptor locations in relation to the turbine layout for the Project. All shadow receptors were modeled to have 1 m x 1 m dimensions, vertical slope (90 o ), and sit 1 m above ground facing perpendicular to all turbines simultaneously (similar to a cylindrical greenhouse). As actual windows on residences vary in size and orientation, the results for predicted SF are considered to be a conservative worst case at the listed receptors. SF results are addressed in Section 5 and Appendix A. 4 SHADOW FLICKER SOURCES 4.1 Wind Turbine Description The selected wind turbine model for the Skyway 126 Wind Energy facility is the Senvion MM92 a 2 MW, 3-bladed, horizontal axis, upwind turbine with a 92.5 m rotor diameter and a 100 m hub height. The rotor shaft is designed to operate within a range of 7.8 to 15 RPM. This corresponds to a maximum SF frequency of 0.75 Hz (cycles per second), which is well below the 2.5 Hz threshold for human irritation. The turbines will be off-white in colour, erected on tubular towers of equal height, and share the same direction of rotation to ease visual impact. M.K. Ince and Associates Ltd. 4 December 17, 2014

8 4.2 Wind Farm Layout The project layout consists of five Senvion MM92 turbines which are described above and are shown in Figure 2-1 and Appendix A. 5 IMPACT ASSESSMENT Shadow flicker calculations were performed for the 117 receptors in the vicinity of the turbines by modeling the position of the sun in 1 minute time steps for each day of the year. The maximum SF results for each receptor anticipated to be affected are included in Table 5-1. More detailed results for all receptors can be found in Appendix A. The SF calculations predict the following: The maximum annual SF for any residence is 59 hours 49 minutes, over the course of 148 days. The worst case maximum SF in 1 day for any residence is 60 minutes. The worst case maximum annual days with SF for any residence is 148 days. Table 5-1: Maximum Shadow Flicker Summary Receptor Label Landowner Participation Worst Case Annual Days with Shadow Flicker Worst Case Maximum Shadow Flicker (hours : minutes/year) Estimated Annual Shadow Flicker (hours : minutes/year) R015 Non-participant 97 34:38 8: R019 Non-participant 56 15:39 2: R020 Non-participant 24 3:39 0: R022 Non-participant 66 24:31 3: R024 Non-participant 38 7:55 1: R025 Non-participant 50 9:03 1: R026 Non-participant 60 18:38 2: R027 Non-participant 52 13:56 1: R028 Non-participant 96 52:31 7: R032 Non-participant 20 2:42 0: R033 Non-participant 45 9:37 1: R034 Non-participant 46 8:50 2: R037 Non-participant 27 4:08 1: R046 Non-participant :23 15: R047 Non-participant :49 17: R048 Non-participant :44 10: Distance to nearest turbine (m) M.K. Ince and Associates Ltd. 5 December 17, 2014

9 Receptor Label Landowner Participation Worst Case Annual Days with Shadow Flicker Worst Case Maximum Shadow Flicker (hours : minutes/year) Estimated Annual Shadow Flicker (hours : minutes/year) R049 Non-participant 64 36:21 10: R051 Non-participant :06 9: R052 Non-participant 75 26:35 7: R053 Non-participant 48 13:16 3: R057 Non-participant 38 8:58 2: V033 Vacant lot 22 2:55 0: V034 Vacant lot 28 4:51 0: R070 Non-participant 82 16:39 6: V030 Vacant lot 31 6:06 2: V006 Vacant lot 16 2:13 0: V007 Vacant lot 59 9:15 3: V011 Vacant lot :49 14: V013 Vacant lot 87 27:29 7: V014 Vacant lot 88 24:05 6: V015 Vacant lot 73 15:04 4: V016 Vacant lot 50 10:56 3: V017 Vacant lot :11 6: R089 Non-participant :07 5: V021 Vacant lot 30 5:35 0: V036C Vacant lot 80 39:39 5: R068 Non-participant 22 3:31 1: R069 Non-participant 20 3:12 1: P001 Participant 77 45:25 12: P003 Participant 60 30:14 4: Distance to nearest turbine (m) SF frequency was calculated to occur at 0.75 Hz (cycles per second), which is well below the 2.5 Hz threshold for human irritation cited in Section 3.2, and serves to reduce potential irritation from residences exposed to SF. The third and fourth columns in Table 5-1 above relate to the maximum number of days in which shadow flicker occurs and maximum annual cumulative duration of shadow flicker occurrences, respectively. These estimates are based on the worst case assumptions that the turbines are always spinning, the sun is never obscured by clouds or fog, and the turbines face in a direction always perpendicular to the sun. The second to last column of Table 5-1 provides an estimate of the annual cumulative duration of shadow flicker and maintains the assumption that turbines are always spinning, but incorporates sunshine and M.K. Ince and Associates Ltd. 6 December 17, 2014

10 wind direction probabilities in the calculations. In the Expected Case simulation, it has been assumed that over the course of a year, the probability of sunshine will be similar to historical annual averages obtained from Environment Canada data. NARR meteorological data have been used to represent the directional probability of wind at the Project Location. As both historical wind data from nearby weather stations (>50 km away) and on-site data were unavailable for this Project Location, the NARR dataset was considered a reasonable representation of wind directionality and the best available data set. For all the shadow flicker results used in this report the method of calculation used is referred to as the Greenhouse Method, in which all receptors are considered perpendicular to all turbines simultaneously (see Section 3.3). Complete modeling results from both the Worst and Expected cases are available in Appendix A. From the modeling results, it is anticipated that the Skyway 126 Wind Energy turbines will result in a maximum of 59 hours and 49 minutes of shadow flicker occurring over the course of a year at the most impacted receptor under worst case conditions. Figure 5-1 depicts expected-case annual SF durations across the project area. It is anticipated that actual shadow flicker occurrence will be substantially less common. The Expected Case simulation estimated a maximum of 17 hours and 17 minutes of shadow flicker over the course of a year at the most impacted receptor. Most SF impacts will occur when the sun is low on the horizon, during early morning and late evening hours. Impacts during the winter are worse than other times of the year, since the sun remains lower in the sky for longer periods of time. SF impacts are predictable and not random, other than specific day to day variation in sunshine due to cloud cover. M.K. Ince and Associates Ltd. 7 December 17, 2014

11 Skyway126WindEnergy Figure5-1:Skyway126WindEnergyProject --ShadowFlickerMap(WorstCaseScenario) M.K.InceandAssociatesLtd. ShadowFlickerReport 8 December17,2014

12 6 CONCLUSIONS Annual shadow flicker impacts have been modeled for 116 residences and vacant lots in the vicinity of the Skyway 126 Wind Energy project for both worst and expected cases. Potential mitigation measures are included in Section 7. Shadow flicker frequency is comfortably below the threshold for human irritation. It is anticipated that the Skyway 126 Wind Energy turbines will result in an average of 17 hours and 17 minutes of shadow flicker occurring over the course of a year at the most impacted receptor. 7 RECOMMENDATIONS Given the relatively large distances from proposed turbine location to potential receptors, and the correspondingly low impacts expected from shadow flicker, no mitigation measures are deemed necessary. Should mitigation nevertheless be desired, several mitigation options are available, including: Installation of shutters or curtains to block incoming shadow flicker Installation of vegetation to block incoming shadow flicker Construction/installation of a physical barrier such as an awning, shed, patio shelter, fence, or wall to block incoming shadow flicker 8 QUALIFICATIONS AND LIMITATIONS M. K. Ince & Associates Ltd. (MKI) has prepared this report in accordance with its proposal and information provided by its Client. The information and analysis contained herein is for the sole benefit of the Client and save for regulatory review purposes may not be relied upon by any other person. MKI s assessment was made in accordance with guidelines, regulations and procedures believed to be current at this time. Changes in guidelines, regulations and enforcement policies can occur at any time and such changes could affect the conclusions and recommendations of this report. The reports, maps and related documents may rely on information provided to MKI by the Client. This information may include but is not limited to manufacturer and construction specifications and other related information. Maps are created using a Geographic Information System (GIS) that compiles records, information, and data from various sources which may contain errors. Where we have referred to and made use of reports, maps and geospatial data and specifications prepared by others, we assume no liability for the accuracy of the information contained therein. Maps and documents made available by MKI are not legal surveys and are not intended to be used as such. No original surveying is included as part of these maps. If any contradictions exist between this document and relevant municipal, provincial or federal laws, regulations, codes, or policies, the text of the laws, regulations, codes or policies will be the legal authority. M.K. Ince and Associates Ltd. 9 December 17, 2014

13 APPENDIX A: DETAILED CALCULATION RESULTS M.K. Ince and Associates Ltd. Appendix December 17, 2014

14 Project: 308 Skyway126 noise study SHADOW - Main Result Calculation: Skyway 126 Shadow Flicker - Worst and Expected Case Assumptions for shadow calculations Maximum distance for influence Calculate only when more than 20 % of sun is covered by the blade Please look in WTG table Minimum sun height over horizon for influence 3 Day step for calculation 1 days Time step for calculation 1 minutes Sunshine probability S/S0 (Sun hours/possible sun hours) [] Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Operational time N NNE NE ENE E ESE SE SSE S SSW SW WSW W WNW NW NNW Sum ,189 1,154 8,759 Idle start wind speed0.0m/s WindPRO version Nov 2013 Printed/Page 17/12/2014 4:05 PM / 1 Licensed user: M.K. Ince & Associates Ltd. Wind Energy Engineering II Cross St. CA-DUNDAS, ON L9H 2R Thomas Bernacki / thomas.bernacki@mkince.ca Calculated: 17/12/2014 4:02 PM/ A ZVI (Zones of Visual Influence) calculation is performed before flicker calculation so non visible WTG do not contribute to calculated flicker values. A WTG will be visible if it is visible from any part of the receiver window. The ZVI calculation is based on the following assumptions: Height contours used: Height Contours: contours1.wpo (2) Obstacles used in calculation Eye height: 1.5 m Grid resolution: 10.0 m New WTG Scale 1:75,000 Shadow receptor WTGs UTM NAD83 Zone: 17 WTG type Shadow data East North Z Row data/description Valid Manufact. Type-generator Power, Rotor Hub Calculation RPM rated diameter height distance [m] [kw] [m] [m] [m] [RPM] 1 556,214 4,899, Skyway 126 Wind Energy, T1 Yes REpower MM 92 Mar.17, ,000 2, , ,263 4,899, Skyway 126 Wind Energy, T2 Yes REpower MM 92 Mar.17, ,000 2, , ,746 4,899, Skyway 126 Wind Energy, T3 Yes REpower MM 92 Mar.17, ,000 2, , ,011 4,899, Skyway 126 Wind Energy, T4 Yes REpower MM 92 Mar.17, ,000 2, , ,141 4,899, Skyway 126 Wind Energy, T5 Yes REpower MM 92 Mar.17, ,000 2, , Shadow receptor-input UTM NAD83 Zone: 17 No. Name East North Z Width Height Height Degrees from Slope of Direction mode a.g.l. south cw window [m] [m] [m] [m] [ ] [ ] A R ,895 4,901, "Green house mode" B R ,637 4,900, "Green house mode" C R ,770 4,900, "Green house mode" D R ,374 4,900, "Green house mode" E R ,393 4,900, "Green house mode" F R ,439 4,900, "Green house mode" G R ,199 4,900, "Green house mode" H R ,214 4,900, "Green house mode" I R ,271 4,900, "Green house mode" J R ,330 4,900, "Green house mode" K R ,318 4,900, "Green house mode" L R ,813 4,900, "Green house mode" To be continued on next page... WindPRO is developed by EMD International A/S, Niels Jernesvej 10, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Tel , Fax , windpro@emd.dk

15 Project: 308 Skyway126 noise study SHADOW - Main Result Calculation: Skyway 126 Shadow Flicker - Worst and Expected Case WindPRO is developed by EMD International A/S, Niels Jernesvej 10, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Tel , Fax , windpro@emd.dk WindPRO version Nov 2013 Printed/Page 17/12/2014 4:05 PM / 2...continued from previous page UTM NAD83 Zone: 17 No. Name East North Z Width Height Height Degrees from Slope of Direction mode a.g.l. south cw window [m] [m] [m] [m] [ ] [ ] M R ,291 4,900, "Green house mode" N R ,271 4,900, "Green house mode" O R ,252 4,900, "Green house mode" P R ,340 4,900, "Green house mode" Q R ,338 4,900, "Green house mode" R R ,334 4,900, "Green house mode" S R ,346 4,900, "Green house mode" T R ,231 4,900, "Green house mode" U R ,397 4,900, "Green house mode" V R ,404 4,900, "Green house mode" W R ,413 4,900, "Green house mode" X R ,717 4,900, "Green house mode" Y R ,451 4,900, "Green house mode" Z R ,228 4,900, "Green house mode" AA R ,155 4,900, "Green house mode" AB R ,547 4,899, "Green house mode" AC R ,720 4,898, "Green house mode" AD R ,651 4,898, "Green house mode" AE R ,680 4,898, "Green house mode" AF R ,723 4,898, "Green house mode" AG R ,160 4,898, "Green house mode" AH R ,863 4,898, "Green house mode" AI R ,757 4,898, "Green house mode" AJ R ,925 4,898, "Green house mode" AK R ,774 4,901, "Green house mode" AL R ,731 4,900, "Green house mode" AM R ,953 4,900, "Green house mode" AN R ,636 4,899, "Green house mode" AO R ,565 4,899, "Green house mode" AP R ,565 4,899, "Green house mode" AQ R ,594 4,899, "Green house mode" AR R ,603 4,898, "Green house mode" AS R ,443 4,899, "Green house mode" AT R ,395 4,899, "Green house mode" AU R ,751 4,900, "Green house mode" AV R ,707 4,898, "Green house mode" AW R ,684 4,898, "Green house mode" AX R ,477 4,898, "Green house mode" AY R ,328 4,898, "Green house mode" AZ R ,364 4,898, "Green house mode" BA R ,321 4,898, "Green house mode" BB R ,339 4,898, "Green house mode" BC R ,337 4,898, "Green house mode" BD V ,383 4,900, "Green house mode" BE V ,411 4,900, "Green house mode" BF R ,378 4,899, "Green house mode" BG R ,097 4,898, "Green house mode" BH R ,687 4,898, "Green house mode" BI V ,180 4,898, "Green house mode" BJ R ,797 4,898, "Green house mode" BK V ,624 4,898, "Green house mode" BL V ,581 4,898, "Green house mode" BM V ,466 4,900, "Green house mode" BN V ,291 4,900, "Green house mode" To be continued on next page... Licensed user: M.K. Ince & Associates Ltd. Wind Energy Engineering II Cross St. CA-DUNDAS, ON L9H 2R Thomas Bernacki / thomas.bernacki@mkince.ca Calculated: 17/12/2014 4:02 PM/

16 Project: 308 Skyway126 noise study SHADOW - Main Result Calculation: Skyway 126 Shadow Flicker - Worst and Expected Case WindPRO version Nov 2013 Printed/Page 17/12/2014 4:05 PM / 3...continued from previous page UTM NAD83 Zone: 17 No. Name East North Z Width Height Height Degrees from Slope of Direction mode a.g.l. south cw window [m] [m] [m] [m] [ ] [ ] BO V ,873 4,899, "Green house mode" BP V ,656 4,899, "Green house mode" BQ V ,541 4,898, "Green house mode" BR V ,359 4,900, "Green house mode" BS V ,544 4,899, "Green house mode" BT V ,397 4,898, "Green house mode" BU V ,413 4,899, "Green house mode" BV V ,378 4,899, "Green house mode" BW V ,174 4,900, "Green house mode" BX V ,115 4,899, "Green house mode" BY V ,412 4,900, "Green house mode" BZ R ,264 4,900, "Green house mode" CA V ,383 4,900, "Green house mode" CB V ,761 4,898, "Green house mode" CC V ,433 4,898, "Green house mode" CD V ,185 4,900, "Green house mode" CE R ,399 4,898, "Green house mode" CF R ,767 4,898, "Green house mode" CG V036C 557,309 4,900, "Green house mode" CH V ,598 4,898, "Green house mode" CI R ,140 4,901, "Green house mode" CJ R ,183 4,901, "Green house mode" CK R ,523 4,901, "Green house mode" CL R ,696 4,900, "Green house mode" CM R ,601 4,900, "Green house mode" CN R ,310 4,900, "Green house mode" CO R ,686 4,898, "Green house mode" CP R ,589 4,898, "Green house mode" CQ R ,471 4,898, "Green house mode" CR R ,980 4,899, "Green house mode" CS R ,586 4,899, "Green house mode" CT R ,630 4,899, "Green house mode" CU R ,639 4,898, "Green house mode" CV R ,832 4,898, "Green house mode" CW R ,663 4,897, "Green house mode" CX R ,493 4,897, "Green house mode" CY R ,431 4,897, "Green house mode" CZ R ,562 4,898, "Green house mode" DA R ,841 4,899, "Green house mode" DB R ,327 4,897, "Green house mode" DC R ,533 4,897, "Green house mode" DD V ,988 4,899, "Green house mode" DE V ,674 4,900, "Green house mode" DF V ,122 4,901, "Green house mode" DG V ,385 4,901, "Green house mode" DH V ,579 4,901, "Green house mode" DI V ,095 4,899, "Green house mode" DJ V ,744 4,897, "Green house mode" DK P ,244 4,900, "Green house mode" DL P ,645 4,900, "Green house mode" DM P ,026 4,900, "Green house mode" Licensed user: M.K. Ince & Associates Ltd. Wind Energy Engineering II Cross St. CA-DUNDAS, ON L9H 2R Thomas Bernacki / thomas.bernacki@mkince.ca Calculated: 17/12/2014 4:02 PM/ WindPRO is developed by EMD International A/S, Niels Jernesvej 10, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Tel , Fax , windpro@emd.dk

17 Project: 308 Skyway126 noise study SHADOW - Main Result Calculation: Skyway 126 Shadow Flicker - Worst and Expected Case Calculation Results Shadow receptor Shadow, worst case Shadow, expected values No. Name Shadow hours Shadow days Max shadow Shadow hours per year per year hours per day per year [h/year] [days/year] [h/day] [h/year] A R002 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 B R003 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 C R004 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 D R005 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 E R006 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 F R007 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 G R010 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 H R011 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 I R012 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 J R088 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 K R014 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 L R015 34: :33 8:32 M R016 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 N R017 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 O R018 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 P R019 15: :24 2:08 Q R020 3: :11 0:29 R R021 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 S R022 24: :30 3:25 T R023 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 U R024 7: :15 1:04 V R025 9: :15 1:14 W R026 18: :24 2:35 X R027 13: :19 1:54 Y R028 52: :45 7:29 Z R032 2: :10 0:21 AA R033 9: :16 1:18 AB R034 8: :17 2:59 AC R035 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 AD R036 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 AE R037 4: :14 1:33 AF R038 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 AG R039 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 AH R040 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 AI R041 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 AJ R042 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 AK R043 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 AL R044 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 AM R045 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 AN R046 52: :42 15:24 AO R047 59: :40 17:17 AP R048 38: :39 10:58 AQ R049 36: :43 10:17 AR R050 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 AS R051 35: :26 9:54 AT R052 26: :33 7:43 AU R053 13: :28 3:42 AV R054 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 AW R055 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 AX R056 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 AY R057 8: :18 2:28 AZ R058 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 BA R059 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 To be continued on next page... WindPRO is developed by EMD International A/S, Niels Jernesvej 10, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Tel , Fax , windpro@emd.dk WindPRO version Nov 2013 Printed/Page 17/12/2014 4:05 PM / 4 Licensed user: M.K. Ince & Associates Ltd. Wind Energy Engineering II Cross St. CA-DUNDAS, ON L9H 2R Thomas Bernacki / thomas.bernacki@mkince.ca Calculated: 17/12/2014 4:02 PM/

18 Project: 308 Skyway126 noise study SHADOW - Main Result Calculation: Skyway 126 Shadow Flicker - Worst and Expected Case continued from previous page Shadow, worst case Shadow, expected values No. Name Shadow hours Shadow days Max shadow Shadow hours per year per year hours per day per year [h/year] [days/year] [h/day] [h/year] BB R060 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 BC R061 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 BD V033 2: :10 0:23 BE V034 4: :13 0:38 BF R070 16: :17 6:43 BG R073 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 BH R074 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 BI V030 6: :15 2:32 BJ R079 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 BK V001 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 BL V003 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 BM V004 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 BN V005 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 BO V006 2: :12 0:43 BP V007 9: :15 3:31 BQ V009 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 BR V010 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 BS V011 48: :43 14:09 BT V012 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 BU V013 27: :27 7:57 BV V014 24: :25 6:31 BW V015 15: :20 4:00 BX V016 10: :19 3:05 BY V017 27: :24 6:18 BZ R089 25: :21 5:43 CA V021 5: :13 0:44 CB V026 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CC V027 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CD V029 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CE R085 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CF R086 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CG V036C 39: :40 5:35 CH V037 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CI R001 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CJ R008 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CK R009 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CL R029 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CM R030 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CN R031 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CO R062 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CP R063 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CQ R064 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CR R067 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CS R068 3: :14 1:10 CT R069 3: :14 1:03 CU R071 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CV R072 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CW R075 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CX R076 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CY R077 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 CZ R080 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 DA R083 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 DB R084 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 DC R087 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 To be continued on next page... WindPRO is developed by EMD International A/S, Niels Jernesvej 10, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Tel , Fax , windpro@emd.dk WindPRO version Nov 2013 Printed/Page 17/12/2014 4:05 PM / 5 Licensed user: M.K. Ince & Associates Ltd. Wind Energy Engineering II Cross St. CA-DUNDAS, ON L9H 2R Thomas Bernacki / thomas.bernacki@mkince.ca Calculated: 17/12/2014 4:02 PM/

19 Project: 308 Skyway126 noise study SHADOW - Main Result Calculation: Skyway 126 Shadow Flicker - Worst and Expected Case continued from previous page Shadow, worst case Shadow, expected values No. Name Shadow hours Shadow days Max shadow Shadow hours per year per year hours per day per year [h/year] [days/year] [h/day] [h/year] DD V002 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 DE V019 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 DF V020 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 DG V022 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 DH V023 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 DI V024 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 DJ V035 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 DK P001 45: :00 12:56 DL P002 0:00 0 0:00 0:00 DM P003 30: :47 4:12 WindPRO version Nov 2013 Printed/Page 17/12/2014 4:05 PM / 6 Licensed user: M.K. Ince & Associates Ltd. Wind Energy Engineering II Cross St. CA-DUNDAS, ON L9H 2R Thomas Bernacki / thomas.bernacki@mkince.ca Calculated: 17/12/2014 4:02 PM/ Total amount of flickering on the shadow receptors caused by each WTG No. Name Worst case Expected [h/year] [h/year] 1 Skyway 126 Wind Energy, T1 208:02 52:57 2 Skyway 126 Wind Energy, T2 183:40 51:02 3 Skyway 126 Wind Energy, T3 161:19 35:30 4 Skyway 126 Wind Energy, T4 82:25 19:54 5 Skyway 126 Wind Energy, T5 37:17 11:26 WindPRO is developed by EMD International A/S, Niels Jernesvej 10, DK-9220 Aalborg Ø, Tel , Fax , windpro@emd.dk