Eco-efficient urban water infrastructure development in Nepal Strategy

Transcription

1 Eco-efficient urban water infrastructure development in Nepal Strategy National Workshop on Eco-efficient Water Infrastructure and Sustainable Urban Development in Nepal Kathmandu October 2014 Batu Uprety 15 October 2014

2 Background UN ESCAP s Pilot implementation of the low carbon green growth roadmap for Asia and the Pacific to develop a system for promoting: eco-efficiency concept in water-energy infrastructure; low carbon economic development path, and green growth and greening the economy and reducing GHG emissions Objectives enhance the capacity of policy-makers; and apply the concept of eco-efficiency in water-energy infrastructure design and planning in the context of green economy and sustainable urban development

3 Background (2) Eco-efficiency - 'delivery of competitively priced goods and services that satisfy human needs and bring quality of life, while progressively reducing ecological impacts and resource intensity throughout the life cycle to a level at least in line with the earth's carrying capacity Create more value with less adverse impact Sum of economic and ecological efficiencies Nepal project on: formulation of a strategy on eco-efficient urban water infrastructure development ; and pilot demonstration of eco-efficient water and energy infrastructure in peri-urban area of the Kathmandu Valley Strategy needed to address ongoing and emerging threats of drinking water deficiency/wastewater mgmt

4 Study Objectives Develop a strategy on eco-efficient urban water infrastructure by Examining the current state-of-the-art on ecoefficient water infrastructure in the Kathmandu Valley; Reviewing relevant policies, legislation, standards and norms, and exploring opportunities to integrate eco-efficient water infrastructure concept into these instruments; Analysing possible impacts of climate change phenomenon on water infrastructures; and Proposing strategies on eco-efficient urban water infrastructures Methodology review and consultation

5 Existing Condition State of water resources 13 tributaries of the Bagmati River Water demand and supply at alarming rate Water availability, access and use too much and too little water Water infrastructures surface water, ground water, rainwater harvesting, storm and flood water, wastewater, sanitation, micro-hydro, and water mills

6 Impacts of Climate Change Temperature rise C/decade or 6 0 C/century Increased snow melting and glacier retreat In 2010, total glaciers 3808 with 3902 km 2 and ice reserve of 312 km 3 Ice reserved decreased by 29% (129 km 3 ) between 1977 and 2010 and glaciers increased by 11% Intense rainfall within a short period blockage of drains, overflow and flood events Decreased surface water flow and decline in natural recharge of aquifers Economic loss of 1.5 to 2% of current GDP/year (USD m/yr) due to current climate variability and extreme event etc. Need to cope with/adapt to/build resilience to CC

7 Response Measures Policies National Urban Policy (2007) with working policy on rainwater harvesting (2009) National Housing Policy (2011) focus on low carbon emission during building construction 2012 White Paper focussing on water source tapping 2013 Vision Paper on recharging groundwater, supplying additional water, increasing capacity of existing ponds and making sewage disposal more effective etc. Periodical policy focus on water use, drinking water and sanitation, NAPA/LAPA and CDM CC Policy (2011) IWRM & LCEDS, fund channelling Budget speech - water source drying up, drinking water

8 Response Measures (2) Strategy and Plan Water Resources Strategy (2002) Nepal Water Plan (2005) NAPA (2010) promoting climate smart urban settlement with proposed activities on lake conservation and ecological services, water supply source conservation, piloting RWH, promoting clean and low carbon energy technologies, etc Relevant guidelines Rainwater Harvesting Guideline (2009) with guidebook Draft Guideline on Green Technologies for Buildings (2012) Acts and Rules Constitutional provision right for clean environment Water Supply Management Board Act (2006), KVDA Act (1988), LSGA (1999), Water Resources Act (1992) - don t obstruct for promoting eco-efficient water infrastructures

9 Response Measures (3) Standards and Norms Drinking water/wastewater standards Planning norms and standards (2013) arrangement for water supply Institutional Arrangements Business Allocation Rules of Nepal (2012) with amendment 2013 mandates for MoUD, MoE, MoSTE & MoFALD, AEPC Valley KVDA, Water Supply Management Board, High Powered Committee for Integrated Development of Bagmati Civilisation, and Town Development Fund Board Departments DoUDBC and DWSS Local bodies DDCs, Municipalities and VDCs NGOs FEDWASUN Development partners

10 Response Measures (4) Current Initiatives Water supply programmes with UNESCAP wastewater treatment, RHW and greenery expansion activities in school Sewerage and sanitation facilities Rainwater harvesting Micro-hydro projects and water mills outside Kathmandu Valley and with subsidy provisions Climate Change Adaptation KAPA and LAPA (99 VDCs and 1 municipality in mid/far west) LAPA for Lamatar VDC in the Valley Tariff Drinking water and sewerage tariff

11 Challenges Institutional linkages and coordination not at desired level Inadequate allocation and disbursement of budgets and poor collection of internal revenue Inadequate service delivery from programmes and maintenance & operational mechanism Lack of access to EeWIns materials at affordable prices and matching fund for school toilets, community or decentralized wastewater treatment facilities Lack of/inadequate informed choices on low cost EeUWIns Inadequate means of implementation (finance, technologies, and capacity individual/institutional)

12 Opportunities Promoting and scaling-up of rainwater harvesting and groundwater recharge system; Restoring the traditional EeWins; Establishing water quality management (treatment, distribution, monitoring) systems; Scaling-up of hydro-met information; Restricting construction of unnecessary infrastructures in landslide and flood-prone area; Implementing structural and non-structural measure for flood protection, improve storm water management and regulate garbage disposal in vulnerable area; and Strengthening and making effective the coordination mechanism

13 Proposed Strategy on EeUWIns Mission - improve human health and quality of life of the present and future generations through the sustained use of EeWIns and reduced pollution load Goals - ensure that: eco-efficient water infrastructures are integrated into planning and decision-making processes; knowledge-based human resources are adequately developed and utilised; and water, sanitation and hygiene facilities are improved and health cost is significantly reduced.

14 Objectives of the Strategy Promote use of EeWIns in urban, and peri-urban areas to provide adequate water, improve water use efficiency, reduce wastes and achieve ecosystem sustainability; Integrate and/or strengthen EeWIn approaches in water and sanitation sector-related policies, plans and programmes; Realign EeWIns in urban planning process, and develop institutional capacity at different levels; Ensure and promote effective communication to raise awareness, build capacity/skill to implement EeWIns; Develop sustainable financing for EeWIns from national and international sources; and Develop and implement national targets to ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation.

15 Guiding Principles Explore opportunities for integration Prepare and implement national SDGs Decentralise implementation of EeUWIn, promote user-driven approach and support local governments in integrating and using EeWIns; Emphasise on building on and not duplicating on existing efforts Adopt and promote participation and transparency Consider ecosystem goods and services to ensure EeWIns benefits; Develop a sustainable financial arrangement for EeWIns process and technologies and support to poor and marginalised communities; and Promote and use best available eco-efficient technologies by taking traditional & indigenous knowledge into consideration.

16 Role of stakeholders and development partners Help governments to provide leadership and coordination for promoting eco-efficient water infrastructures at all levels; Periodically review technological efficiencies and address capacity gaps for appropriate design and successful implementation of EeWIns in an costeffective manner; Promote and facilitate prioritization of EeWIns; and Coordinate and promote outreach on EeWIns.

17 Key Strategic Areas Integration into planning and programming processes (5) Knowledge generation and information management (3) Incentivising the users (4) Eco efficient Urban Water Infrastructures Partnership arrangement (7) 27 Strategies & 22 indicative actions Institutional arrangement (5) Technology development and use (3)

18 Key Strategies A. Integration into planning and programming process Identifying key entry points Integrating EeWIns into local to national planning processes; Integrating EeWIns such as RWH, DEWATS and groundwater recharge into construction approval of public and corporate buildings; Developing national SDGs and achieving the targets using EeWIns technologies, processes and practices; and Building and mobilizing human resources in planning EeWIns. B. Incentivising the users Developing and implementing economic instruments; Incentivising x percentage in using EeWIns; Incentivising poor and marginalized communities on EeWIn; and Recognising and awarding communities and individuals.

19 Key Strategies (2) C. Institutional Arrangement Strengthening the mandated institutions in promoting EeWIns; Strengthening and/or establishing dedicated institutions to promote EeWIns in municipalities and peri-urban areas; Providing permit to public and corporate and private (above 3- storey) buildings with stringent provisions for RHW and WTF; Developing a system for monitoring and tracking implementation of EeWIns effectively with regular reporting provisions; and Facilitating technical support to local governments in building their capacity in promoting use & monitoring of EeWIns. D. Technology development and use Promoting development of user-friendly and affordable ecoefficient technologies particularly RHW and DWATS; Creating awareness and building capacity; and Establishing and/or strengthening M&E mechanism.

20 Key Strategies (3) E. Partnership Arrangement Encouraging and facilitating private sector in developing and implementing CWATs; Conserving open spaces for promoting groundwater recharge; Promoting greenery and providing spaces for water percolation; Encouraging businesses/groups to factor water use efficiency and wastewater treatment into investment decisions; Furthering/promoting cost- and benefit-sharing approaches; Establishing eco-efficiency targets for water infrastructures; and Encouraging private sector for performance reporting. F. Knowledge Generation and Information Management Generating, managing and disseminating knowledge; Identifying knowledge gap to implement EeWIns; Documenting and promoting use of traditional knowledge & technologies; and Ensuring transparent and accessible knowledge management systems to document and share knowledge.

21 Priority Strategic Actions (sample) Integrate EeWIns into policies and programmes, including in the building code; Issue construction permit of public, corporate and above 3-storey private buildings by ensuring EeWIns; Promote and subsidise for installation of EeWIns in public places; Scale-up RWH and prepare and/or refine and implement EeWIns specific guidelines and manuals; Promote HRD, and encourage NGOs for skills development; Train service providers in low cost, location-specific and practical EeWIns; Include EeWIns into municipality's performance review criteria; Manage public open spaces and/or afforest open spaces and riverbank areas to promote water conservation and groundwater recharge etc. etc. Risks and mitigation options proposed

22 Implementation Strategies Institutional strengthening DoUBC with coordination mechanism as proposed in RWH guidelines, ministries, departments, municipalities, SWMTS Centre and academe Partnership arrangement government to play a role of facilitator and develop policies and incentive packages such as social recognition and reward, KVDA and triangular relation of public, private and community-based/civil society groups Means of implementation finance, technology and capacity building Monitoring and evaluation KVDA Implementation approach through annual plan of the local governments and informing & influencing the national plan formulation process Local governments and triangular partnership key for success