NOAA s Role: Perspective on Climate Change and Health

Transcription

1 NOAA s Role: Perspective on Climate Change and Health

2 NOAA s s Mission To understand and predict changes in the Earth s s environment, and conserve and manage coastal and marine resources to meet our nation s s economic, social, and environmental needs.

3 Health in the NOAA Program Structure Strategic Goals Ecosystems Climate Weather and Water Commerce and Transportation Supporting NOAA s Mission * Habitat Corals Coastal and Marine Resources Protected Species Fisheries Management Aquaculture Enforcement Ecosystem Observations Ecosystem Research Climate Observations and Analysis Climate Forcing Climate Predictions and Projections Climate and Ecosystems Regional Decision Support Directly Health-related Programs Indirectly Health-related Programs * All Support Programs support Health-related activities Local Forecasts and Warnings Coasts, Estuaries, and Oceans Space Weather Hydrology Rivers, Lakes, and Floods Air Quality Environmental Modeling Weather Water Science, Technology, and Infusion Program Marine Transportation Systems Aviation Weather Marine Weather Geodesy NOAA Emergency Response Commercial and Remote Sensing Licensing Surface Weather Satellite Sub-goal Geostationary Satellite Acquisition Polar Satellite Acquisition Satellite Services Fleet Services Sub-goal Aircraft Replacement Fleet Replacement Marine Operations and Maintenance Aircraft Services Leadership Sub-goal NOAA Headquarters Line Office Headquarters Homeland Security Mission Support Sub-goal Administrative Services Financial Services Workforce Management Acquisitions and Grants Information Technology Services Facilities

4 Conceptual Model for Environment and Human Health Interactions Environmental Stressors -Land and Resource Use -Climate Change -Pollution -Extreme Events & disease outbreaks -Invasive species -Natural conditions Ecosystem Response -Changes in Ecosystem Condition -Changes in Ecosystem Goods and Services Human Health Outcome -short term, acute: disease outbreak or exposure -Long term trends, chronic change in health risk Response and Action Government Institution Community Individual Evaluation and Feedback Mitigation and Prevention

5 One Health Approach Joint Research Funding Enhanced communication Information Management Infrastructure Interdisciplinary approaches

6 Indicators of Contaminants in Our Food Webs 120 New Jersey 100 mg/kg wet wt Beaufort 20 Charleston Holden Beach 0 Brunswick St. Joe Bay Mississippi Sound SPCBs Tampa Bay Sarasota Bay SDDTs Schlordanes Biscayne Bay SPBDEs

7 Emerging Health Threats- Infectious Agents Viruses West Nile Influenza Encephalitis Fungal Cryptococcus Coccidiodes Lacazaria Bacteria Brucella Leptospira Coxiella Protozoa Toxoplasma Sarcocystis

8 Distribution of Cryptococcus Cases In British Columbia:174 human cases; 8 deaths > 300 animal cases

9 LEPTOSPIROSIS IN CALIFORNIA SEA LIONS 12 8 SOI Lepto death index

10 Interdisciplinary Harmful Algal Bloom Program Ecology of Blooms Ecosystem assessments New Tools and Techniques Environmental Influences Impacts and Effects Response Wildlife indicators or models Glilbert, 2007

11 Models of Disease Effects of Domoic Acid on Sea Lions Acute mortality Sub-clinical seizures Epilepsy Neuronal loss and hippocampal atrophy Abortion Premature parturition Developmental effects due to in utero exposure Cardiac lesions with sublethal doses Eosinophilia Treatments

12 Growing Awareness of the Importance of Connecting Ocean Health, Human Health and Climate Change Established the Interagency OHH Program and NOAA s s OHHI Required a ten-year implementation for OHH Federal research and application Climate Change Science Program Assessment IPCC

13 Primary Areas for Advancement in the Interagency OHH Program

14 NOAA s s Oceans and Human Health Initiative: Climate Focus OHHI mission: Improve understanding and management of the ocean, coasts and Great Lakes to enhance benefits to human health and reduce public health risks Climate related funding: 2/3 Centers of Excellence 3/27 external grants 3/5 Consortia for Graduate Training Programs Collabortion with NSF/NIEHS University-based Centers of Excellence in Oceans and Human Health

15 Components of a Health Early Warning System Population Demographics, Transportation and Migration Epidemiological Surveillance Ocean, Climate and Environmental Observation, Monitoring and Forecasts Expert Assessment Additional Sampling, Sensing Predictive Models Risk Analysis, Vulnerability Assessment Disease Watch Response Early Warning Strategy Communication and Action Social and Behavioral Factors Evaluation and Feedback Adapted from J. Davis, EMF Workshop 2003

16 Integrated Research: Joint Announcement on Climate Variability and Human Health NOAA, NSF, EPA, and EPRI with NASA Started in 1999, last award 2004 Joint decision making and pooled funding Required public health, climate and ecology expertise on proposal team Positive lessons: Funded good research Informed IPCC People and empowerment make it work Barriers or impediments: Attribution Breadth of Partnerships Leadership changes Funding (moving funds, different budget cycles)

17 Joint Announcement on CVHH Research Funded Rift Valley Fever-- --Zimbabwe Cholera in Bangladesh Bartonellosis in Peru Diarrheal Diseases in Lima, Peru Dengue at the US/Mexico Border Climate and WEE, SLE in California Asthma and Aeroallergens in the Northeastern United States Mosquito Dynamics in Mid Atlantic Influenza Methods Research

18 Climate and Health Complex Issues Learn from the past and move forward Coordination and communication Embrace One Health approach Persistence May require institutional change