WTE in SCANDINAVIA Nils C. Holm Director Ramboll WTE

Transcription

1 WTE in SCANDINAVIA Nils C. Holm Director Ramboll WTE

2 OVERVIEW Subjects Landfilling in Scandinavia Energy Recovery from Waste District Heating EfW Plants in Denmark and Scandinavia Economics of EfW Carbon footprint of waste management Organisation and financing of the waste sector in Denmark Plant examples 2

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4 LANDFILL BANS and TAX IN SCANDINAVIA Landfill ban introduced Denmark 1997 Sweden 2002/2005 Norway 2009 Landfill tax (2011) Denmark 63 EUR /ton Sweden 43 EUR/ton Norway 59 EUR/ton Why: High cost of landfilling CO 2 emission and other greenhouse gases Difficult location aspects Public opinion against landfills Reduction in the use of resources (oil, gas, coal, materials) Energy self sufficiency 4

5 WHY EFW? Contribution to energy self-sufficiency Carbon footprint (see later) Economic (see later) It works - all grate-fired proven technology In Denmark always heat export. DH network determines size of plant. DoE historically must approve capacity and configuration (Heat-only or CHP) DH from EfW plants is cheaper than own oil/gas for the consumer 5

6 U S S R EFW IN SCANDINAVIA A R C T I C O C E A N BARENTS SEA NORWEGIAN SEA A T L A N T I C O C E A N N O R W A Y S W E D E N GULF OF BOTHNIA F I N L A N D Gulf of Finland N O R T H S E A SKAGERRAK Kattegat B A L T I C S E A U S S R 6

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8 ENERGY RECOVERY FROM WASTE 1 tonne of waste 2 MWh heat 2/3 MWh electricity 8

9 EXAMPLE: ENERGY FROM EFW IN DENMARK 3.5 million tonnes of waste incinerated Electricity 1.5 million MWh 430,000 households 17% of all households Heat 6.5 million MWh 360,000 households 14% of all households 9

10 DISTRICT HEATING IN COPENHAGEN 10

11 COST OF EFW: EXAMPLE POWER ONLY Example: New plant 150,000 tpa, EU Directive 2000 Construction cost:130 m EUR Costs average year Amortisation Operation Maintenance = EUR/tonne 110 Income from sale of electricity 0.66 MWh/t x 50 EUR/MWh = = EUR/tonne 35 Net treatment cost: Energy from Waste - PO = EUR/tonne price level Prudential Financing No extra overheads/profits Indicative costs only! 12

12 COST OF EFW: EXAMPLE CHP Example (continued) New CHP plant 150,000 tpa - EU Directive 2000 Treatment cost: Energy from Waste (as above) = EUR/tonne 75 Sale of heat: 20 EUR/MWh x 2 MWh/ton = EUR/tonne 40 Net treatment cost (CHP) = EUR/tonne 35 13

13 ORGANISATION IN DENMARK 90% of the 29 plants are publicly owned and operated by municipal or inter-municipal companies. Not-for-profit companies Municipalities underwrite loans => very cheap financing Construction: Process plant normally through 2-3 DB type contracts (maximise risk vs. competition). Projects are completed on time and on budget Availability is fine 8000 hours Staffing levels are fine Operational cost are normal Tipping fees are the lowest in Europe No municipal step-in has ever been required 14

14 ORGANISATION IN OTHER COUNTRIES Private Involvement? DB + O DBO DBFO (private ownership of facility) Germany mix (Public, DBO, DBFO) France mix (Public, DBO) UK mainly DBFO ( PFI, but DBOs are happening) Low risk to municipality BUT very complex and expensive transactions, very unflexible, VFM?, off balance sheet? Very significant government grants USA - DBO 15

15 How to overcome the challenge Low emissions High energy efficiency High quality Create a landmark nice appearance Be open offensive not defensive Involve local people/layman and let them talk Remember all stakeholders Select only one site after a careful screening Bettina Kamuk - the Public Perception Challenge May

16 ARCHITECTURAL SOLUTIONS Some of the projects we are or have been involved in 17

17 AMAGERFORBRÆNDING, COPENHAGEN, DENMARK Green-field WtE facility 2 x 280,000 tonnes of waste annually + prepared for 50% extension Energy output: 400,000 MWh electricity and 1,000,000 MWh heat per year From project analysis and planning to commissioning M&E Commissioning: 2015

18 KARA/NOVEREN, ROSKILDE, DENMARK New waste-to-energy unit 200,000 tpa From project analysis and planning to contract negotiations M&E Commissioning: 2013

19 SYSAV, MALMÖ, SWEDEN Two new units and retrofit of two existing units 2 x 210,000 tpa + 2 x 96,000 tpa From project analysis and planning to commissioning M&E and civil works Commissioning:

20 KRISTIANSAND, NORWAY Green-field waste-to-energy facility 120,000 tpa From project analysis and planning to commissioning M&E and civil works Commissioning: 2010

21 I/S FASAN, DENMARK Green-field waste-to-energy facility 65,000 tpa From project analysis and planning to commissioning M&E and civil works Commissioning: 2005

22 TAS, DENMARK New Unit for waste-to-energy facility 80,000 tpa From project analysis and planning to commissioning M&E and civil works Commissioning: 2007

23 HAMAR, NORWAY New green-field waste-to-energy facility. 72,000 tpa Consultant on all phases and aspects: From project planning to commissioning M&E in three DB lots Year: Supplier: BWV/Alstom Taken over end 2011

24 UDDEVALLA, SWEDEN Green-field waste-to-energy facility 88,000 tpa From project analysis and planning to commissioning M&E Commissioning: 2009

25 ISLE OF MAN Green-field waste-to-energy facility:70,000 tpa 25 year DBO contract Clients Representative From project analysis and planning to project follow-up and supervision of O&M Supplier: Babcock Borsig Power /Seghers Ramboll WTE Commissioning: 2004

26 LINCOLNSHIRE Green-field waste-to-energy facility. Base case: 150,000 tpa DBO contract (options allowed) Technical advisor for LCC on: OBC, planning design, procurement, construction, commissioning and operation (in JV with Gifford and FTC). Contract signed 2011 WRG with CNIM Ramboll WTE Commissioning: 2014

27 Contractors proposed design HERTFORDSHIRE, UK A PFI residual waste treatment contract. DBO reference case: 270,000 tpa WTE facility. Technical advisor for HCC on the procurement of the contract. District Heating. Contract signed: 2011 Commissioning: 2014

28 USA Maryland - Green-field 500,000 tpa WtE facility. Evaluation of technical proposals York, PA - Expansion of existing WtE facility. Procurement planning and implementation Salt Lake City, Utah - Evaluation of alternative waste management technologies West Palm Beach: Strategic Engineering advisor Ramboll WTE

29 THANK YOU FOR YOUR ATTENTION! Nils Christian Holm NCH - meeting with Rumania