International Niagara Board of Control Ninety-Eighth Semi-Annual Progress Report To The International Joint Commission

Transcription

1 International Niagara Board of Control Ninety-Eighth Semi-Annual Progress Report To The International Joint Commission Covering the Period September 21, 2001 Through March 19, 2002

2 TABLE OF CONTENTS COVER: Strawberry Island in the upper Niagara River showing wing walls and habitat restoration completed in the fall of (Photo by Ken Roblee, New York State Department of Environmental Conservation) SECTION PAGE 1 GENERAL 1 2 ITEMS OF INTEREST 1 3 LAKE LEVELS 2 4 OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE CHIPPAWA- 8 GRASS ISLAND POOL CONTROL STRUCTURE 5 FLOWS OVER NIAGARA FALLS 9 6 DIVERSIONS AND FLOW AT QUEENSTON 9 7 GAGING STATIONS 11 8 FLOW MEASUREMENTS IN THE NIAGARA RIVER 13 AND WELLAND SHIP CANAL 9 POWER PLANTS 14 a) New York Power Authority 14 b) Ontario Power Generation ICE CONDITIONS AND ICE BOOM OPERATIONS PEACE BRIDGE MEETING WITH THE PUBLIC MEMBERSHIP OF THE BOARD ATTENDANCE AT BOARD MEETINGS 18 i

3 TABLES PAGE 1 MONTHLY AVERAGE LAKE ERIE WATER LEVELS 5 2 MONTHLY AVERAGE PRECIPITATION ON THE LAKE ERIE BASIN 5 FIGURES 1 MONTHLY MEAN WATER LEVELS - LAKE ERIE 6 2 MONTHLY PRECIPITATION - LAKE ERIE BASIN 6 3 MONTHLY NET BASIN SUPPLIES - LAKE ERIE BASIN 7 4 MONTHLY MEAN FLOWS - NIAGARA RIVER AT BUFFALO, NEW YORK 7 ENCLOSURES 1 NIAGARA RIVER DAILY MEAN LEVEL AT MATERIAL DOCK GAGE 2 MAP OF THE UPPER NIAGARA RIVER 3 FLOW OVER NIAGARA FALLS 4 DIVERSIONS OF NIAGARA RIVER WATER FOR POWER PURPOSES INTERNET SITES International Niagara Board of Control International Joint Commission Lake Erie-Niagara River Ice Boom ii

4 INTERNATIONAL NIAGARA BOARD OF CONTROL Cincinnati, Ohio Burlington, Ontario March 19, 2002 International Joint Commission Washington, D.C. Ottawa, Ontario Commissioners: 1. GENERAL The International Niagara Board of Control (Board) submits its Ninety Eighth Semi-Annual Progress Report, covering the period September 21, 2001 through March 19, ITEMS OF INTEREST For the months of September 2001 through February 2002, the level of Lake Erie continued below its long-term average but was nearly at average in February. Precipitation on the Lake Erie basin was above average during this period. This helped move the lake nearer to its long-term average as the period progressed. Lakes Michigan and Huron remain well below their long-term average levels, resulting in generally lower than average inflows to Lake Erie from upstream. 1

5 The Power Entities (Ontario Power Generation Inc. (OPG) and the New York Power Authority (NYPA)) complied with the Board's 1993 Directive for regulation of Chippawa-Grass Island Pool water levels throughout the reporting period. The Lake Erie Niagara River Ice Boom was installed over the period December 17 through 22, However, an ice cover did not form on Lake Erie this season due to the mild winter. This is only the fifth time for this to happen in the past 75 years. The U.S. National Weather Service reported that Buffalo s meteorological winter of , being the period December through February, was the mildest in 70 years with only and being warmer. The ice boom was removed on March 7, In addition to the lack of ice cover on Lake Erie, the mild winter meant little or no ice induced flow retardation in the St. Clair, Detroit or Niagara Rivers that impede Lake Erie inflows and outflows, severe lake effect snow storms in the region, increased precipitation, damage to the end caps of the ice boom from wind induced wave action, and water level gauge outages from power interruptions during a major storm event. 3. LAKE LEVELS All elevations in this report are referenced to International Great Lakes Datum The values are expressed in metric units, with approximate English units (in parentheses) for information purposes only. The monthly lake level data are based on a network of four gages to better represent the average level of the lake. 2

6 During the months of September 2001 through February 2002, the level of Lake Erie remained below its long-term average, but ended the period nearly at average. The level of the lake started the period 33 centimetres (13 inches) below average. It reached its seasonal low in November with a mean of metres ( feet) which was 19 centimetres (7.5 inches) below average. In February, the level was at metres ( feet) or 1.0 centimetre (0.4 inch) below average. Recorded water level data for the period September 2001 through February 2002 and departures from long-term averages are shown in Table 1 and depicted graphically on Figure 1. The Lake Erie basin received approximately 55.4 centimetres (21.8 inches) of precipitation during the period September 2001 through February The period of record ( ) average over this six-month period is 40.2 centimetres (15.8 inches). The departure from average over the sixmonth period was +38%. While precipitation was above average for all months of the period, October was particularly wet. The October total of 15.3 centimetres (6.0 inches) was 121% or 8.4 centimetres (3.3 inches) above average. Precipitation data for the period September through February and departures from long-term averages are shown in Table 2 and depicted graphically on Figure 2. As a reflection of the above average precipitation and warm winter temperatures, water supplied to Lake Erie from its local drainage basin was generally well above average for the period September through February, as can be seen in Figure 3. Lakes Michigan and Huron remained well below their long-term average levels during this period. As a result, inflows to Lake Erie from the upstream lakes for much of the period continued to be lower than average. In January and February, inflows were slightly above average. This was due largely to a lack of ice retardation in the river this winter. Inflows from the upper lakes for the six-month period September 2001 through February 2002 were about 3% below the long-term average. 3

7 The water level on Lake Erie naturally affects the outflow into the Niagara River. The below average levels on the lake caused Niagara River flows to remain below average through January. As the lake level rises closer to average, so does the outflow. February s near average level combined with a nearly ice-free river resulted in an above average February outflow. The flows in the Niagara River are graphically depicted in Figure 4 and summarized in Section 6. The February 2002 water level forecast indicates that the level of Lake Erie is expected to be at or below its long-term average during the next six months. 4

8 TABLE 1 - MONTHLY AVERAGE LAKE ERIE WATER LEVELS (Based on a network of 4 water level gages) International Great Lakes Datum (1985) Metres Feet Recorded* Average Recorded* Average Month Departure Departure September October November December January February *Provisional TABLE 2 - MONTHLY AVERAGE PRECIPITATION ON THE LAKE ERIE BASIN Centimetres Inches Recorded* Average Recorded* Average Departure Month Departure Departure in percent September October November December January February *Provisional 5

9 175.5 Monthly Mean Water Levels Lake Erie Elevations, metres IGLD Actual Maximum Average Minimum 173 J 01 F M A M J J A S O N D J 02 Months F M A M J Figure 1 20 Monthly Precipitation Lake Erie Basin 15 Centimeters 10 Average Actual Maximum Minimum 5 0 J 01 F M A M J J A S O N D J 02 Months F M A M J Figure 2 6

10 Monthly Net Basin Supplies Lake Erie Basin Cubic Metres per Second J 01 F M A M J J A S O N D J 02 F M A M J Actual Average Figure 3 Niagara River Monthly Mean Flows at Buffalo, New York 6250 Flow,cubic metres per second Actual Average 4750 J 01 F M A M J J A S O N D J 02 F M A M J Months Figure 4 7

11 4. OPERATION AND MAINTENANCE OF THE CHIPPAWA-GRASS ISLAND POOL CONTROL STRUCTURE The water level in the Chippawa-Grass Island Pool is regulated in accordance with the Board's 1993 Directive. The Directive requires that the Power Entities operate the Chippawa-Grass Island Pool (Pool) control structure to ensure the maintenance of an operational long-term average pool level of metres ( feet) to ameliorate adverse high or low water levels in the pool. The Directive also establishes certain tolerances for the pool s level as measured at the Material Dock gage. The Power Entities complied with the Board's Directive throughout the reporting period. The accumulated deviation of the pool s level from March 1, 1973 through February 28, 2002 was 0.77 metre-month (2.53 foot-months) above the long-term average elevation. The maximum permissible accumulated deviation is 0.91 metre-month (3.00 foot-months). Tolerances for regulation of the Chippawa-Grass Island Pool levels were suspended for October 25, 26, February 1, 2 and March 9, 10 due to abnormally high flows and on December 14, 15 and January 31 due to abnormally low flows. Tolerances were also suspended on February 11 as the result of a police emergency. Replacement of gate seals, concrete repairs to the gate apron and a major overhaul of the hydraulic system of Gate 3 began in April and were completed in September Although available for service, this gate is presently to be used as a last choice due to a defective piston seal that will be repaired in May Work to replace gate seals began on Gate 14 in September and was completed in December Repairs to the rollway plate of Gate 5 were made in October

12 Recorded daily Material Dock water levels covering the period September 21, 2001 through February 28, 2002 are shown in Enclosure 1. The locations of the water level gages on the Niagara River are shown in Enclosure FLOWS OVER NIAGARA FALLS During the tourist season daylight hours, the required minimum Niagara Falls flow is 2832 cubic metres per second (m 3 /s) (100,000 cubic feet per second (cfs)). At night and during the winter months, the required minimum Falls flow is 1416 m 3 /s (50,000 cfs). The operation of the Chippawa-Grass Island Pool control structure, in conjunction with power diversion operations, ensures sufficient flow over the Falls to meet the requirements of the Niagara Treaty of Falls flows met or exceeded minimum Treaty requirements at all times during the reporting period. The recorded daily flows over Niagara Falls, covering the period September 21, 2001 through February 28, 2002 are shown in Enclosure DIVERSIONS AND FLOW AT QUEENSTON Diversion of water from the Niagara River for power purposes is governed by the terms and conditions of the 1950 Niagara Treaty. The Treaty prohibits the diversion of Niagara River water that would reduce the flow over Niagara Falls to below the amounts specified for scenic purposes. The high head hydro power plants, OPG s Sir Adam Beck 1 and 2 in Canada and NYPA s Niagara Power Project in the United States, withdraw water from the Chippawa-Grass Island Pool 9

13 above Niagara Falls and discharge it into the lower Niagara River at Queenston, Ontario and Lewiston, New York, respectively. During the period September 2001 through February 2002, diversion flows for the Sir Adam Beck 1 and 2 plants averaged a total of 1593 m 3 /s (55, 260 cfs) and those by the Niagara Power Project averaged 1817 m 3 /s (64,170 cfs). The low head hydro power plant, Canadian Niagara Power s (CNP) Rankin Plant, diverts water from the Cascades, just upstream of the Horseshoe Falls, and discharges it into the Maid-of-the-Mist Pool. Since the operating efficiency of this older plant is much lower than those of the high head plants, water that is available for power generation is normally dispatched on a priority basis to the high head plants, with the excess being directed to the low head installation. During the period September 2001 through February 2002, diversion flow for the CNP Rankin plant averaged 2 m 3 /s (70 cfs). The Ontario Power Generating Station, located on the Canadian shore, downstream of the Horseshoe Falls, was taken out of service on November 26, The average flow from Lake Erie to the Welland Canal for the period September 2001 through February 2002, was 209 m 3 /s (7,380 cfs). Diversion from the canal to OPG s DeCew Generating Stations averaged 154 m 3 /s (5,510 cfs) for the same period. Records of Niagara River diversions for power generation covering the period September 2001 through February 2002 are shown in Enclosure 4. 10

14 The monthly average Niagara River flows at Queenston, Ontario for the period September 2001 through February 2002 were: September 4891 m 3 /s (172,720 cfs) October 5179 m 3 /s (182,890 cfs) November 5113 m 3 /s (180,560 cfs) December 5448 m 3 /s (192,390 cfs) January 5456 m 3 /s (192,680 cfs) February 5728 m 3 /s (202,280 cfs) During this period, the flow at Queenston averaged 5303 m 3 /s (187,270 cfs). Flows averaged 5273 m 3 /s (186,210 cfs) during the previous year for the period September 2000 through February 2001 with the monthly averages ranging between 5046 m 3 /s (178,200 cfs) and 5411 m 3 /s (191,090 cfs). 7. GAGING STATIONS The Niagara River gages used to monitor the Chippawa-Grass Island Pool levels and flows over Niagara Falls are Slater's Point, Material Dock, American Falls and Ashland Avenue gages (see Enclosure 2). A major storm event in the Niagara region on February 1 resulted in gage outages due to loss of power. These included the gages at Fort Erie, Frenchmans Creek, Slaters Point, Material Dock and Ontario Power Generating Station. In addition, communications from the Ashland Avenue gage was disrupted. Operators at the control structure were able to manage levels, diversions and Falls flows by various alternatives including dialup interrogation, internet sites and on-site observers. 11

15 During the period February 1 through 3, only one hourly level for Ashland had to be estimated. This was accomplished through calculations of channel flow around the control structure based on estimates of Material Dock level and discharge through the control structure based on gate settings. Subsequent review showed that the estimated level for Ashland was within.32 metre (1.05 feet) of that actually recorded with Falls flow estimated at 3111 m 3 /s (109,860 cfs) compared to the actual flow determined after the event of 2940 m 3 /s (103,820 cfs). Minimum Falls flow required at the time was 1416 m 3 /s (50,000 cfs). Both the U. S. National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration and the Power Entities operate water level gages at the Ashland Avenue location. Subject to continuing comparison checks of the water level data from both instruments by the International Niagara Committee (INC), the Power Entities gage is used for officially recording water levels used in determining the flows over Niagara Falls. Comparison of water level readings from both gages showed that they were within acceptable INC tolerances throughout the reporting period. NYPA is continuing its effort to assess possible measures that might be used to stabilize the riverbank near the Ashland Avenue gage. A bathymetric survey was completed in 2001 and NYPA is conducting an engineering feasibility study. From this study, preliminary designs, material requirements, the construction feasibility, and costs for several alternatives will be developed. After this preliminary evaluation of possible mitigating measures is completed, NYPA will meet with OPG to discuss the costs and benefits. Based on those discussions, a decision will be made about whether and when any remedial work should be undertaken to ensure the long-term operation of the gage. NYPA completed construction of an enclosure for the Intake Gage site in January Upgrading of the gage will be completed by May Later this year, upgrading of both the American Falls and LaSalle gages will be completed along with a new enclosure for the LaSalle gage. 12

16 Ontario Power Generation installed a new Ontario Power Generating Station tailwater gage in February This gage is used as a backup to the Ashland Avenue Gage during ice-free conditions and as an indication of flow restriction in the Maid-of-the-Mist Pool caused by ice jamming/shifting. 8. FLOW MEASUREMENTS IN THE NIAGARA RIVER AND WELLAND SHIP CANAL Discharge measurements are regularly scheduled in the Niagara River and Welland Canal as part of a program to verify the gage ratings used to determine flows in these channels for water level management. The present schedule calls for measurements at the International Railway Bridge Section in May 2003, the Cableway (Ashland rating) Section and the Welland Supply Weir in 2004 and at the American Falls Section in All measurements will be obtained through joint efforts of the United States Army Corps of Engineers and Environment Canada. A draft report has been prepared for the Welland Canal measurement program that was conducted in The Board s Working Committee is currently reviewing the report. In the fall of 2001, a field crew was on the Niagara River collecting data for a hydraulic model being designed for the upper Niagara River by the Coordinating Committee on Great Lakes Basic Hydraulic and Hydrologic Data. This opportunity was used to collect some additional Acoustic Doppler Current Profiler (ADCP) measurements at the Cableway Section on the lower river. Another opportunity to collect measurements at this section may occur in the spring of These measurements are being made while the power plants are operating normally, and will be used to help evaluate the feasibility of using ADCP as the preferred methodology for making measurements at the Cableway Section. 13

17 9. POWER PLANTS a) New York Power Authority Upgrade of eight of the thirteen units at the Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant has been completed. Currently being upgraded is Unit 11. This began in January 2002 with an anticipated return to commercial service in October Unit 7 will be the next upgraded with the schedule calling for an October 2002 start with completion in July b) Ontario Power Generation To date, ten of the sixteen units at the Sir Adam Beck II Generating Station have been rehabilitated (including runner replacement). The most recent upgrade completed was on Unit 23 with work beginning in March and completed in November Currently, work is proceeding on Unit 11. This began in October 2001 with an expected completion in July The next to be upgraded will be Unit 12 beginning in April with anticipated completion in November The upgrades and expansions by the Power Entities will not affect the regulation of the Chippawa-Grass Island Pool water levels as governed by the International Niagara Board of Control s Directive. In addition, they will not require any modifications to other rules or regulations (such as the 1950 Niagara Treaty) relating to the diversion of water for operation of the projects. 14

18 10. ICE CONDITIONS AND ICE BOOM OPERATIONS In accordance with Condition (d) of the Commission s October 5, 1999 supplementary Order of Approval, installation of the Lake Erie-Niagara River Ice Boom s spans commenced on December 17, Installation may begin when the Lake Erie water temperature at Buffalo reaches 4 degrees Celsius (C) (39 degrees Fahrenheit (F)) or on December 16th, whichever occurs first. Preparations for span placement began on December 4 when eight floatation barrels were installed. A further 12 barrels were installed on December 5 and the final three were placed on December 7. All strings of pontoons were removed from the summer storage area and placed inside the Buffalo Harbor breakwall by December 12. Throughout this period, the Lake Erie water temperature, as measured at the City of Buffalo s water intake, remained above 4 o C (39 o F). Installation of the ice boom s spans began on December 17 when 10 spans were placed starting from the Canadian side. On December 18, a further four spans were installed. Weather conditions were unfavourable from December 19 through 21. The last eight spans, continuing on towards the US shore, were installed on December 22. The water temperature at Buffalo was 5 o C (41 o F) on December 26 but on December 27 dropped to 3 o C (37 o F). Buffalo s weather in November 2001 was mild and snow free. In the 122 years that snowfall has been monitored at Buffalo, it is the first November there with absolutely no snow. The average temperature of 8.3 o C (46.9 o F) was 3.6 o C (6.4 o F) warmer than normal for the month. The period 15

19 September through November was the warmest for that period in Buffalo since 1931 and the 4 th warmest ever. The unseasonably mild weather continued through the first three weeks of December. However, the last week of December saw a dramatic change to colder air temperatures and record setting lake effect snowfalls. The monthly snowfall of 210 centimetres (82.7 inches) set a new record at Buffalo for any month. The old record of centimetres (68.4 inches) was set in December Normal snowfall for December is about 61 centimetres (24 inches). The Lake Erie water temperature was 1.7 o C (35 o F) on December 31. By the end of the month, ice cover had begun forming in the western end of the lake and in the inner portion of Long Point Bay. Warm temperatures returned in January. All of the snow experienced in December had melted by January 27 with no flooding experienced. January 2002 was the 2 nd warmest in the last 50 years with an average temperature of 0.2 o C (31.6 o F) that is 4.0 o C (7.1 o F) above normal. As a result, the water temperature remained above the freezing point, and, with the exception of ice in some bays, the little amount of ice present in the western end of Lake Erie at the start of the month had dissipated. Mild temperatures continued through February with a monthly average of 0.4 o C (31.2 o F) or 3.0 o C (5.3 o F) above normal. An ice cover did not form on Lake Erie this season due to the mild winter. This is only the fifth time for this to happen in the past 75 years. The U.S. National Weather Service reported that Buffalo s meteorological winter of , being the period December through February, was the mildest in 70 years with only and being warmer. The open water was the cause of lake effect snow in the Niagara/Buffalo area and meant that the ice boom spans were exposed to wind driven wave action on several occasions. It was necessary to re-close spans that had become opened due to damage from these forces. Span M became open on January 15. However, repairs were delayed until January 16

20 24 due to high winds. Span I was reported detached on January 28 and was closed on January 29. Span N was reported detached on February 15 and was closed on February 19. Although no pontoons took on water, many end caps were damaged from contact with other pontoons and will need replacing as part of the summer maintenance program. Considering the absence of ice, the ice boom was removed on March PEACE BRIDGE The Buffalo and Fort Erie Public Bridge Authority (PBA) have initiated a Bi-National Integrated Environmental Process. This is a planning process, with emphasis on public involvement, to consider capacity expansion of the Peace Bridge, U.S. Plaza and improvement of the connecting roadway system. It will include consultation with federal, state, provincial and local agencies regarding environmental screening/assessments as well as public meetings and workshops on a number of bridge-related issues. The preliminary schedule proposes up to two years for the planning and environmental review, a further two years for design, permits and related work, and then up to four years of construction. A draft Scoping Document was released in October Meetings were held with U.S. agencies on November 5 in Buffalo, New York and with Canadian agencies on November 6 in Fort Erie, Ontario. Public sessions were held on November 7 and 8 in Buffalo and Fort Erie respectively. The meetings focused on the need for the project, the Bi-National Integrated Environmental Process, an initial list of screening alternatives, major project issues and proposed alternative screening process. At the two meetings with involved agencies, the roles and responsibilities of the cooperating/involved agencies were discussed and a forum was provided for agencies comments, concerns, etc. 17

21 The initial comment period for the Scoping Document was to close on November 23, A Public Concept Development Workshop was hosted by the PBA on December 1, 2001 in Buffalo, New York. The workshop included educational sessions to provide information on topics like plaza operations and requirements, traffic engineering, environmental issues and river crossing operations and requirements that influence definitions of the project. The comment period was extended to December 4, 2001 to include this workshop and provide additional time for review and comments. 12. MEETING WITH THE PUBLIC In accordance with the Commission s requirements, the Board will hold an annual meeting with the public this fall. The meeting for 2002, tentatively set for the evening of September 16, will be held in the U.S. at a location yet to be determined. Information on current and projected Great Lakes levels, the current Public Bridge Authority undertaking and the operation of the Lake Erie-Niagara River Ice Boom will be provided. The Board encourages Commission participation and will keep the Commission apprised of arrangements as they are developed. 13. MEMBERSHIP OF THE BOARD The membership of the Board and its International Niagara Working Committee is unchanged. 14. ATTENDANCE AT BOARD MEETINGS The Board met once during this reporting period. The meeting was held on March 19, 2002 in Detroit, Michigan. Mr. Tjoumas and Mr. de Launay were unable to attend. 18

22 Respectfully Submitted, BRIGADIER GENERAL STEVEN R. HAWKINS DOUG CUTHBERT Chair, United States Section Chair, Canadian Section CONSTANTINE G. TJOUMAS DAVID de LAUNAY Member, United States Section Member, Canadian Section 19

23 NIAGARA RIVER DAILY MEAN LEVEL AT MATERIAL DOCK GAGE NOTE: LONG-TERM MEAN STAGE = METRES, IGLD (1985) JULY 2001 THROUGH JUNE ELEVATION IN METRES, IGLD (1985) ELEVATION IN METRES, IGLD (1985) ENCLOSURE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE

24 Sir Adam Beck Plants and Reservoir Robert Moses Plant and Reservoir Location of Aerial Cableway N Ashland Avenue NIAGARA FALLS, ONTARIO Maid-of-the-Mist Pool International Niagara Control Works Beck Intakes Material Dock American Falls Slater's Point NIAGARA FALLS, NEW YORK NYPA Intakes NYPA Intakes NAVY ISLAND LaSalle North Grand Island Bridges NORTH TONAWANDA TONAWANDA ISLAND Chippawa-Grass Island Pool GRAND ISLAND Tonawanda Island Legend Recording Gauge Black Creek South Grand Island Bridges Huntley Station Black Rock Lock Scale km Frenchmans Creek International Railway Bridge FORT ERIE Peace Bridge SQUAW ISLAND Bird Island Pier BUFFALO mi Windmill Point Fort Erie Buffalo Water Intake Buffalo Harbor Point Abino Lake Erie ICE BOOM ENCLOSURE 2

25 5000 DAILY FLOW OVER NIAGARA FALLS FLOW AT ASHLAND AVENUE GAGE MINUS CN AND OP DIVERSIONS IN CUBIC METRES PER SECOND (m 3 /s) JULY 2001 THROUGH JUNE MINIMUM FLOWS REQUIRED BY THE NIAGARA TREATY 2832 m 3 /s DURING THE TOURIST SEASON - DAY SCHEDULE 1416 m 3 /s AT ALL OTHER TIMES DAY SCHEDULE - TOURIST SEASON 0800 TO 2200 HOURS APRIL 1 THROUGH SEPTEMBER TO 2000 HOURS SEPTEMBER 16 THROUGH OCTOBER FLOW (m 3 /s) TOURIST SEASON - DAY SCHEDULE TOURIST SEASON - DAY SCHEDULE FLOW (m 3 /s) ENCLOSURE TOURIST SEASON - NIGHT SCHEDULE NON - TOURIST SEASON TOURIST SEASON - NIGHT SCHEDULE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE 1500

26 DAILY DIVERSIONS OF NIAGARA RIVER WATER * FOR POWER PURPOSES IN CUBIC METRES PER SECOND (m 3 /s) JULY 2001 THROUGH JUNE 2002 * FOR PURPOSES OF THE NIAGARA TREATY THIS INCLUDES THE NIAGARA RIVER AND THE WELLAND SHIP CANAL TOTAL (UNITED STATES AND CANADA) FLOW (m 3 /s) CANADA (BECK 1 AND 2 + OP + CN + DECEW) FLOW (m 3 /s) ENCLOSURE JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER OCTOBER UNITED STATES NOVEMBER DECEMBER JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH APRIL MAY JUNE