IR-4 Ornamental Horticulture Program Research Report Cover Sheet

Transcription

1 pdf IR-4 Ornmentl Horticulture Progrm Reserch Report over Sheet Resercher(s) Mike Prrell Affilition: University of liforni ollege of Agri.& Environ. Sciences One Shields Drive Dvis A PhoneNumber: Emil: mpprrell@ucdvis.edu Tril: 2014 A ProjectTitle: Lefminer Efficcy Protocol #: PR# Reserch Trget rop/plnt Product EPA Reg. # Production Site Sttus Liriomyz Lefminers Liriomyz sp. Trnsvl Disy Gerber sp. Avid 0.15E Abmectin Syngent Liriomyz Lefminers Liriomyz sp. Trnsvl Disy Gerber sp. AzGurd Azdirchtin BioSfe Syste Liriomyz Lefminers Liriomyz sp. Trnsvl Disy Gerber sp. Distnce Pyriproxyfen Vlent Liriomyz Lefminers Liriomyz sp. Trnsvl Disy Gerber sp. Hchi-Hchi S Tolfenpyrd - Nichino Americ Liriomyz Lefminers Liriomyz sp. Trnsvl Disy Gerber sp. IKI-3106 yclniliprole - ISK Liriomyz Lefminers Liriomyz sp. Trnsvl Disy Gerber sp. Kontos (BYI S) Spirotetrmt OHP Liriomyz Lefminers Liriomyz sp. Trnsvl Disy Gerber sp. Minspring (A20520A) 200S yntrniliprole Syngent Liriomyz Lefminers Liriomyz sp. Trnsvl Disy Gerber sp. SP3009 (NNI-0101) Pyrifluquinzon Nichino Americ Liriomyz Lefminers Liriomyz sp. Trnsvl Disy Gerber sp. Xxpire (GF-2860) 40WG Spinetorm + sulfoxflor Dow AgroScien

2 Ornmentl Horticulture Progrm Reserch Report Form p 1 Resercher: Michel Prrell, hristine sey Dte: October 6, 2014 Project Title: Efficcy of Products for Mnging Diptern Lef Miners Nrrtive Summry (Results/Discussion) Diptern lefminers re one of the most chllenging of rthropod pests to mnge in greenhouse production of ornmentl plnts. Adults ly their eggs into plnt tissue nd the lrve feed nd develop within the lef, mking pesticide contct difficult. Direct dmge to leves cn render plnts unslle; dmged leves cn be removed from cut flower crops but lefminers still reduce yield nd my occsionlly mine flower petls. Development of pesticide resistnce is n on-going concern nd new mterils for mngement rottions re criticl. The purpose of this tril ws to evlute new nd existing mterils for efficcy ginst the Americn serpentine lefminer, Liriomyz trifolii, in greenhouse-grown cut gerber disy (Gerber x hybrid Mermid ). Avid nd AzGurd were the two mterils tested tht re currently registered for lefminer control in ornmentl crops. ompring the precount nd week 1 dt, we sw tht ll tretments experienced n initil increse in lefminers in the week following the precount nd first pesticide ppliction (Tle 1). While ll tretments subsequently reduced lefminer levels, few of the mterils provided outstnding control. To fcilitte review of the results, we hve produced one grph with the five best mterils (Fig. 1) nd second grph with the remining mterils (Fig. 2). Specificlly, Avid (mectin), AzGurd (zdirchtin), nd the three Minspring (cyntrniliprole) tretments provided excellent lefminer control, with ll products reducing lefminers to fewer thn five mines per lef by the second week of the tril. There re no published thresholds for lefminer on gerber disy, but this is commonly ccepted ction threshold. Among these products, however, there were differences in the durtion of control nd number of pplictions needed. ontrol with Avid lsted for four weeks fter the second ppliction, while AzGurd provided only week of control fter three pplictions. Minspring provided excellent control t ll tested rtes. A single drench ppliction t the highest rte reduced lefminers to three mines per lef fter two weeks nd held them below one mine per lef for n dditionl five weeks (Tle 1; Fig. 1). While not s effective, the other two Minspring tretments lso gve excellent control with three pplictions mintining lefminer levels below five per lef for the durtion of the tril (Tle 1; Fig. 1). As ech hs different mode of ction, Avid, AzGurd, nd Minspring could form n effective lefminer rottion. The other tested mterils were lso effective t reducing the high lefminer popultions seen in the first week of the tril (Tle 1; Fig. 2) but none ws le to consistently mintin lefminers t levels below n verge of five per lef.

3 Ornmentl Horticulture Progrm Reserch Report Form p 2 Resercher: Michel Prrell, hristine sey Dte: October 6, 2014 Project Title: Efficcy of Products for Mnging Diptern Lef Miners Results Tle Men number of mines per lef by week Precount Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 1 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 2 Week 7 Sttistics by week df=15,95 df=15,95 df=15,95 df=15,94 df=15,95 df=15,95 df=15,29.08 df=3,23 Trt nd PR number F= F= F= F= F= F= F= F= p= p= p= p= p= p= p= p= ontrol 4.38± ±2.69 d 8.5± ± ± ± ± ±1.26 Avid/Abmectin PR# ± ±2.03 d 3.83± ±0.63 cd 2.58±0.55 bc 2.46± ±0.94 AzGurd/Azdirchtin PR# ± ±2.1 d 4.38± ±0.35 de 2.17±0.58 cd 3.08± ±1.08 Distnce/Pyriproxifen 4.83± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.79 PR#32043 GF 2860 WDG Spinetorm+sulfoxflor PR#32044 Hchi Hchi 21oz Tolfenpyrd PR#32045 Hchi Hchi 32oz Tolfenpyrd PR#32045 IKI oz yclniliprole PR#32046 IKI oz yclniliprole PR#32046 Kontos once Spirotetrmt PR#29123 Kontos twice Spirotetrmt PR#29123 Minspring 4oz yntrniliprole PR#32047 Minspring 8oz yntrniliprole PR#32047 Minspring 12oz yntrniliprole PR#32047 SP oz Pyrifluquinzon PR#32048 SP oz Pyrifluquinzon PR# ± ± ± ±1.15 d 4.54± ±3.19 d 5.67± ±1.66 d 5.63± ± ± ±2.3 d 3.96± ± ± ± ± ±1.46 cd 4.83± ±1.32 d 5.17± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±1.24 bc 0.79±0.19 c 3.0± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.64 ef 0.33±0.08 f 0.75±0.17 ef 5.58± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.23 e 0.04±0.04 e 0.46±0.19 de 5.21± ±1.09 d 6.5± ± ± ±0.81 d 2.79± ± ± ±0.85 cd 0.29±0.25 d 0.17±0.12 cd 2.92± ±1.21 d 8.29± ± ± ± ± ± ± ±0.06 bc 0.96±0.51 c 0.17±0.12 c 7.83± ± Dt ws log 10 trnsformed to meet the ssumptions of ANOVA. Rw dt is reported. 2 Welch ANOVA ws performed s the dt could not be trnsformed to meet the ssumptions of ANOVA. 3.21±1.17 b 0.75±0.29 b 0.88±0.58 b.. Tle 1. Results by week. Mens seprtion ws done using Tukey s test. Shded cells indicte tht the tretment received pesticide ppliction the dy following the count, except for week 3 when pplictions were mde five dys fter the count.

4 Ornmentl Horticulture Progrm Reserch Report Form p 3 Resercher: Michel Prrell, hristine sey Dte: October 6, 2014 Project Title: Efficcy of Products for Mnging Diptern Lef Miners 20 ontrol Men number of mines per lef by week ± SE Avid (mectin) AzGurd (zdirchtin) Minspring 4oz (cyntrniliprole) Minspring 8oz (cyntrniliprole) Minspring 12oz (cyntrniliprole) 0 Precount Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Week 7 Figure 1. Men number of mines per week in the five most effective tretments nd the control. Mens seprtion ws done using Tukey s test. ounts for ll tretments ended t week 6 except for the Minspring tretments nd the control. The white line t five mines per lef is n pproximte ction threshold. Sttistics for Figure 1 Week Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 1 Week 5 Week 6 1 Week 7 Significnce df=5, 35 df=5, 35 df=5, 35 df=5, 35 df=5, 35 df=5, 35 df=5, 35 F= F= F= F= F= F= F= p= p= p= p= p= p= p= Mens seprtion (Tukey s test) ontrol ontrol ontrol ontrol ontrol ontrol ontrol PR#30074 Avid Avid b Avid b Avid Avid b Avid PR#32144 AzGurd AzGurd AzGurd bc AzGurd AzGurd b AzGurd PR#32047 Minspring 4oz Minspring 4oz b Minspring 4oz c Minspring 4oz b Minspring 4oz b Minspring 4oz b PR#32047 Minspring Minspring Minspring Minspring Minspring Minspring 8oz b 8oz b 8oz c 8oz b 8oz b 8oz b PR#32047 Minspring Minspring Minspring Minspring Minspring Minspring 12oz b 12oz b 12oz c 12oz b 12oz b 12oz b 1 Dt ws log10 trnsformed to meet the ssumptions of ANOVA. Rw dt is reported. Minspring 4oz b Minspring 8oz b Minspring 12oz b

5 Ornmentl Horticulture Progrm Reserch Report Form p 4 Resercher: Michel Prrell, hristine sey Dte: October 6, 2014 Project Title: Efficcy of Products for Mnging Diptern Lef Miners Men number of mines per lef by week ± SE ontrol Distnce (pyriproxifen) GF-2860 WDG (spinetorm + sulfoxflor) Hchi-Hchi 21oz (tolfenpyrd) Hchi-Hchi 32oz (tolfenpyrd) IKI oz (cyclniliprole) IKI oz (cyclniliprole) Kontos once (spirotetrmt) Kontos twice (spirotetrmt) SP oz (pyrifluquinzon) SP oz (pyrifluquinzon) 0 Precount Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 Figure 2. Men number of mines per week in the ten lest effective tretments nd the control. Mens seprtion ws done using Tukey s test. The white line t five mines per lef is n pproximte ction threshold. Sttistics for Figure 2 Week Week 1 Week 2 Week 3 Week 4 Week 5 Week 6 1 Significnce df=10,65 df=10,65 df=10,64 df=10,65 df=10,65 df=10, F= F= F= F= F= F= p= p= p= p= p= p= Mens seprtion (Tukey s test) ontrol ontrol ontrol ontrol ontrol ontrol PR#32043 Distnce Distnce Distnce Distnce Distnce Distnce PR#32044 GF-2860 WDG GF-2860 WDG GF-2860 WDG GF-2860 WDG GF-2860 WDG GF-2860 WDG PR#32045 Hchi-Hchi 21oz Hchi-Hchi 21oz Hchi-Hchi 21oz Hchi-Hchi 21oz Hchi-Hchi 21oz Hchi-Hchi 21oz PR#32045 Hchi-Hchi 32oz Hchi-Hchi 32oz Hchi-Hchi 32oz Hchi-Hchi 32oz Hchi-Hchi 32oz Hchi-Hchi 32oz PR#32046 IKI oz IKI oz IKI oz c IKI oz IKI oz IKI oz PR#32046 IKI oz IKI oz IKI oz IKI oz IKI oz b IKI oz bc PR#29123 Kontos once Kontos once Kontos once Kontos once Kontos once Kontos once PR#29123 Kontos twice Kontos twice Kontos twice bc Kontos twice Kontos twice Kontos twice PR#32048 SP oz SP oz SP oz SP oz SP oz b SP oz bc PR#32048 SP oz SP oz SP oz SP oz SP oz SP oz 1 Welch ANOVA ws performed s the dt could not be trnsformed to meet the ssumptions of ANOVA.

6 Ornmentl Horticulture Progrm Reserch Report Form p 5 Resercher: Michel Prrell, hristine sey Dte: October 6, 2014 Project Title: Efficcy of Products for Mnging Diptern Lef Miners Mterils & Methods/Recordkeeping This tril ws conducted in reserch greenhouse on the University of liforni cmpus in Dvis, A. Plnts (Gerber disy Mermid [Gerber x hybrid]) grown for cut flower production were obtined s tissue culture plugs from commercil propgtor. This is common method of gerber production. Plugs were plnted on Mrch 19, 2014 into coconut coir medi in eight-inch zle pots. Plnts received dily irrigtion nd fertilizer vi drip system nd were llowed to grow for out two months until they ttined commercil size (Fig. 1). Plnts were then nturlly infested by introduction of lefminers (Liromyz trifolii) from colony mintined in the U Dvis Deprtment of Entomology nd Nemtology (Fig. 2). Plnts were held until lefminers reched level of out five mines per lef. There re no published ction thresholds for this insect on greenhouse cut gerber, but this level is n ccepted ction threshold mong growers. A precount ws done on June 18, 2014 nd plnts were ssigned to tretments. There were 15 tretments nd wter control, ech replicted six times. Plnts were rrnged on the greenhouse bench in pot-to-pot spcing with one foot between rows in completely rndomized design. The first tretments were pplied on June 19, To prevent cross-contmintion, plnts of ech tretment were removed from the greenhouse nd treted seprtely from other tretments. Plnts were spryed to runoff. Weekly lefminer counts begn on June 25, Four leves from ech plnt were rndomly selected, one lef from ech crdinl direction. A 25.5cm 2 circle ws drwn in the middle of the lef nd ll mines in the circled re were counted. The circle ws then mrked to ensure it ws not smpled gin. The four vlues were verged to clculte men number of mines per lef (Figs. 3 nd 4). Weekly smpling of ll tretments continued until July 30, An dditionl week of smpling ws performed for the three Minspring (cyntrniliprole) tretments. This product ws very effective with only single drench ppliction nd we were interested to see if this effect would lst for n dditionl week. Nme(s) of Personnel onducting Reserch: Robert Strnes, Mchiko Murdock Loction of Tril (city/stte): Dvis, A Use Site (greenhouse/shdehouse/field continer/etc): rop History rop ultivr/vriety: Gerber disy Mermid Dte of Seeding: n/ Dte of Emergence: n/ Dte of Trnsplnting: Plnted from tissue culture plugs on Mrch 19, 2014 Potting Mix: oconut coir Pot size & spcing: 8 inch zle pots on pot-to-pot spcing Row spcing: One foot Product(s) pplied prior to strt of experiment: Product Rte Appliction Type Dte of rop Growth Appliction Stge Fertilizer With irrigtion Dily All n/ Appliction Volume

7 Ornmentl Horticulture Progrm Reserch Report Form p 6 Resercher: Michel Prrell, hristine sey Dte: October 6, 2014 Project Title: Efficcy of Products for Mnging Diptern Lef Miners Experiment Informtion Experimentl Design: ompletely rndomized design Number of Reps: Six Mterils & Methods: Plese see ove: Mterils nd Methods/Recordkeeping Appliction Equipment: Drmm hydrulic spryer; drench tretment pplied by hnd until medi ws sturted Product(s) pplied during experiment (including tretments, fertilizers, etc): Product Rte(s) Appliction Type Dte of Appliction rop Growth Stge Appliction Volume Fertilizer With irrigtion Dily n/ n/ Minspring 4oz yntrniliprole PR# oz/100 gl spry 6/19; 7/3; 7/14 n/ to runoff Minspring 8oz yntrniliprole PR# oz/100 gl spry 6/19; 7/3; 7/14 n/ to runoff Minspring 12oz yntrniliprole PR# oz/100 gl drench 6/19 n/ Adequte to sturte medi Avid/Abmectin PR# oz/100 gl spry 6/19; 7/3 n/ to runoff AzGurd/Azdirchtin PR# oz/100 gl spry 6/19; 6/26; 7/10; 7/14 n/ to runoff Distnce/Pyriproxifen PR# oz/100 gl spry 6/19; 7/14 n/ to runoff GF 2860 WDG Spinetorm+sulfoxflor PR# oz/100 gl spry 6/19; 6/26 n/ to runoff Hchi Hchi 21oz Tolfenpyrd PR# oz/100 gl spry 6/19; 7/3 n/ to runoff Hchi Hchi 32oz Tolfenpyrd PR# oz/100 gl spry 6/19; 7/3 n/ to runoff IKI oz yclniliprole PR# oz/100 gl spry 6/19; 7/3; 7/14 n/ to runoff IKI oz yclniliprole PR# oz/100 gl spry 6/19; 7/3; 7/14 n/ to runoff Kontos once Spirotetrmt PR# oz/100 gl spry 6/19; 7/3 n/ to runoff Kontos twice Spirotetrmt PR# oz/100 gl spry 6/19; 7/3 n/ to runoff SP oz Pyrifluquinzon PR# oz/100 gl spry 6/19; 7/3 n/ to runoff SP oz Pyrifluquinzon PR# oz/100 gl spry 6/19; 7/3; 7/14 n/ to runoff

8 Ornmentl Horticulture Progrm Reserch Report Form p 7 Resercher: Michel Prrell, hristine sey Dte: October 6, 2014 Project Title: Efficcy of Products for Mnging Diptern Lef Miners Photos Figure 1. Tril overview. Figure 2. Lefminers redy for relese. Figure 3. Light infesttion of lefminers. Figure 4. Hevy infesttion of lefminers. Dt ollected Dt ws collected weekly. A 25.5cm 2 dimeter circulr re ws mrked in the center of four rndomly selected leves, one from ech crdinl direction. Mines completely or prtilly within the circle were counted nd the vlues were verged to give men number of mines per lef. Dt ws collected on June 18 (precount), June 25, July 2, July 9, July 16, July 23, July 30, nd August 8 (control nd Minspring tretments only). Rw Dt Plese see ttched file: IR rw dt.xlsx

9 Ornmentl Horticulture Progrm Reserch Report Form p 8 Resercher: Michel Prrell, hristine sey Dte: October 6, 2014 Project Title: Efficcy of Products for Mnging Diptern Lef Miners

10 Ornmentl Horticulture Progrm Reserch Report Form p 9 Resercher: Michel Prrell, hristine sey Dte: October 6, 2014 Project Title: Efficcy of Products for Mnging Diptern Lef Miners Environmentl conditions during the experiment: Plese see ttched file IR environmentl dt.xlsx