DOE Investments in Methane Emissions

Transcription

1 DOE Investments in Methane Emissions Eric Smistad U.S. Department of Energy National Energy Technology Laboratory One Future Methane & Climate Strategies Event Houston, TX May 15, 2018

2 National Energy Technology Laboratory Part of DOE s national laboratory system Five locations focused on fossil energy R&D Developing critical technology to efficiently utilize domestic fossil fuel resources with minimal environmental impact Only government-owned, government-operated DOE lab 2

3 DOE Natural Gas Infrastructure Team Program Team: Tim Reinhardt - HQ Director of Supply & Delivery Christopher Freitas - HQ Senior Program Manager Jared Ciferno - NETL Technology Manager Eric Smistad - NETL Natural Gas Portfolio Manager NETL Research Leads: Natalie Pekney - Methane Emissions Quantification Paul Ohodnicki - Methane Emissions Mitigation Tim Skone - Life Cycle Assessment 3

4 Program Initiation - Legislation The Consolidated Appropriations Act of FY2016 called for two midstream sub program elements: 1. Emissions Mitigation from Midstream Infrastructure Develop and test new technologies to reduce methane emissions from midstream infrastructure to enhance the efficiency of natural gas delivery in the United States. 2. Emissions Quantification from Natural Gas Infrastructure Improve the quantification of methane emissions across the natural gas value chain reported in the EPA Greenhouse Gas Inventory (GHGI). 4

5 Natural Gas Sector Methane Emissions 25% of Total U.S. Anthropogenic Methane Emissions, 337 BCF (6,497 Gg), ~1.2% loss from extraction to distribution in 2015 (U.S. EPA Greenhouse Gas Inventory) Production & Gathering Methane Emissions = 221 Bcf (66%) 1 Transmission / Storage Methane Emissions = 70 Bcf (20%) 1 Processing Methane Emissions = 23 Bcf (7%) 1 Distribution Methane Emissions = 23 Bcf (7%) 1 Wells 422,000 gas wells 19,000+ new wells annually Gathering 5,300 gathering stations 33,500 gathering compressors 408,000 miles of gathering pipe (typically 8-5/8 or less) 500 psi Processing 667 Natural Gas Processing Plants 7 Transmission & Storage 301,000 Miles of large diameter transmission pipe ,000 psi 2,200 compressor stations engines (62 billion hp-hr) - 2,200 turbines (15 billion hp-hr) 17,700 storage wells Distribution 1.3 million miles of distribution 5

6 Natural Gas Infrastructure Budget Natural Gas Infrastructure Program Funding ($M) Funding Line FY16 FY17 FY18 Methane Mitigation Methane Quantification Total

7 Methane Emissions Mitigation Program MISSION Develop new technologies to reduce methane emissions from midstream infrastructure to enhance the efficiency of natural gas delivery in the United States. Research Elements Develop advanced equipment technologies Develop advanced sensors to communicate operational data and pipeline properties Develop next generation pipeline liners and coatings NETL Industry Universities 7 7

8 Methane Emissions Quantification Program MISSION Quantification of Methane Emissions Across the Natural Gas Value Chain Inform EPA s Greenhouse Gas Inventory Research Elements Characterize Emissions from Equipment and Legacy Wells Regional Differences in Methane Emissions Life Cycle Assessments NETL Industry Universities 8 8

9 DOE Technology Readiness Levels FOA Awards TRL Levels 9

10 Methane Mitigation (On-Going) Awards Announced Sept. 8, DOE Funding Only Oceanit (Hawaii) Southwest Research Institute (Texas) Develop multifunctional coating to prevent corrosion and deposits requiring pipeline refurbishment and repair Develop and demonstrate an optical-based methane leak detection system for midstream infrastructure $1,200,000 $629,517 PPG Industries, Inc. (Pennsylvania) Princeton University (New Jersey) Southwest Research Institute (Texas) Gas Technology Institute (Illinois) University of Pittsburgh (Pennsylvania) Develop and demonstrate an in-pipe technology platform which will be combined as a remote monitoring system for natural gas pipeline conditions Develop and deploy advances in chirped laser dispersion spectroscopy (CLaDS) to make an airborne based sensor for remote detection of leaks Develop a seal design for reciprocating compressor piston rods that mitigates the highest contributor to methane emissions from midstream machinery Develop and test an integrated Thermoelectric Generator/burner system in a field pilot for oil and gas field operations Develop an advanced distributed on=pipe optical fiber technology optimized for multi-parameter natural gas pipeline monitoring $876,639 $1,188,735 $797,517 $1,199,353 $1,200,000 10

11 Methane Quantification (On-Going) Awards Announced Sept. 8, DOE Funding Only Gas Technology Institute (Illinois) Colorado State University (Colorado) Conduct field campaigns to measure methane emissions from new and vintage plastic, plastic lined steel, and cast iron pipes as well as from industrial meter Develop nationally-representative, activity-weighted, methane emission factors for each type of principal equipment located at gathering compressor stations. $1,090,719 $1,872,018 GSI Environmental Inc. (Texas) GSI Environmental Inc. (Texas) University of Colorado Boulder (Colorado) Detect and quantify average annual methane emissions from an underground natural gas storage facility. Employ a step-wise, seasonal process to improve the accuracy of compressor methane emissions. Collect ground-based regional scale measurements and aircraft measurements in order to estimate emissions across the underground storage sector. $1,208,499 $800,480 $1,323,130 11

12 NETL s Air Emission Projects Prior to 2016 Penn State University - Evaluate differences between top-down and bottoms-up emissions estimates in Marcellus, NE PA Carnegie Mellon University - Apportion methane measured in Marcellus Shale region to shale versus non-shale sources, SW PA NETL - Measure emissions over the lifetime of a Marcellus gas well, SW PA Utah State University - Characterize emissions from produced water, land farms, natural seepages and wells in Uintah Basin, NE UT Colorado School of Mines - Develop a protocol to reconcile methane estimates between bottoms-up and top-down components in U.S. natural gas production basins (Fayetteville Shale Study) 12

13 CSM Fayetteville Shale Study Field campaign conducted in the eastern Fayetteville Shale, AR Developed independent estimates of methane emissions from natural gas systems using contemporaneous, multi-scale, measurement approaches Unprecedented data sharing and site access to the various segments of the natural gas value chain in the study area Collaboration between government, academia and industry may be a valuable model for future public-private collaborations Key findings (Schwietzke, et al., 2017) - Aircraft mass balance approach is a valid method for quantifying basin CH₄ emissions - Emissions do not correlate with production for individual wells at a given point in time, but there can be a strong correlation between emissions and production at the sub-basin level - A mechanistic understanding of emission sources (e.g., liquids unloading) can help resolve spatial and temporal differences between top-down and bottom-up methods 13

14 Summary of NETL In-House R&D DOE/NETL has an Established Program in New Technology Development for Midstream Goal = Enabling a Vision of an Intelligent Pipeline Enabled by Advanced Technologies Advanced Embedded Sensors CH New Protective Coatings and Liners 4 CO 2 H 2 S Water Corrosion Temperature Strain Geospatial Data Analytics Acoustic field & Vibration Actively Seeking Industry Partnerships and Collaborations 14

15 Industry Workshops: February

16 NAS Emissions Report Improving Characterization of Anthropogenic Methane Emissions in the United States, March 2018 Completed at the request of DOE, EPA, NASA, and NOAA The Committee was charged with examining approaches to measuring, monitoring, presenting, and developing inventories of anthropogenic emissions of methane to the atmosphere Four primary recommendations: 1. Continue and enhance current atmospheric methane observations and advance models and assimilation techniques used by top-down approaches. 2. Establish and maintain a fine-scale, spatially and temporally explicit (e.g., gridded)inventory of U.S. anthropogenic methane emissions that is testable using atmospheric observations, and update it on a regular basis. 3. Promote a sustainable process for incorporating the latest science into the GHGI, and regularly review U.S. methane inventory methodologies. 4. Establish and maintain a nationwide research effort to improve accuracy, reliability, and applicability of anthropogenic methane emissions estimates. 16

17 Midstream: Looking Forward-S&T Needs Advanced Materials - Enable transmission pipelines to transport natural gas along with other critical fuels and fluids Data Science and Management - Tools that can employ data to identify pipeline integrity concerns Sensors and Controls - Development of sensing controls, automated systems, remote monitoring capabilities, that can also accommodate fuel flexibility in pipelines. Pipeline Inspection and Repair - Technologies that improve inside the pipe inspection and with tools that can mitigate leaks and pipe anomalies Compressors - More efficient and flexible compressor design to make infrastructure more adaptable to varying pipeline conditions and to accommodate additional fuels and critical fluids 17

18 THANK YOU!

19 Backup Slides 19

20 Pipeline Corrosion Protection Oceanit Demonstrate the capability of Oceanit s EverPel nano-composite coating to limit methane emissions via in-situ pipeline refurbishment and corrosion protection Hydrophobic & oleophobic nanocomposite coating Chemical and corrosion resistance Bio-fouling resistance Drag reduction Pilot test in-situ application system Field trial planning and tool refinement Uncoated Coated 20

21 Optical Leak Detection System Southwest Research Institute (SwRI) SLED (Smart methane Leak Detection system) Autonomous, real-time methane leak detection technology that applies machine learning techniques to passive optical sensing tools to mitigate emissions through early detection. Prototype system with integrated optical sensors and embedded processing unit. Mid-Wave Infrared (MWIR) cameras are being utilized as the transducers to capture frames in search of methane gases. Phase 2 will field test and demonstration the prototype system. 21

22 Pipeline Monitoring System PPG Industries System to provide remote monitoring of natural gas pipeline conditions, and early detection of factors leading to a potential for unintended methane release. Integrate an organic pipeline interior coating, embedded RF sensors and in-line interrogation equipment capable of coupling with the sensors to communicate information. Correlate sensor response with environmental factors such as moisture ingress and pipeline corrosion. 22

23 Airborne Sensor System Princeton University Develop, test, and demonstrate a remote sensing methane detector for use on aircraft and vehicles to detect leaks along natural gas pipeline infrastructure. Employ a heterodyne enhanced chirp modulated chirped laser absorption spectroscopy (HE CM CLaDS). Convert field-based, range resolved CH 4 concentrations into leak rate measurements. Test on micro drone systems and on light manned aircraft. 23

24 Recip. Compressor Liquid Seals Southwest Research Institute Develop a liquid seal for reciprocating compressor rod packing system Design, manufacture and test novel seal Demonstrate operability and verify performance Target is a 95% reduction of methane emissions from packing Joint effort with patent holder NextSeal Operations support from Williams Pipeline Current Design NextSeal Design 24

25 Thermoelectric Generator Gas Technology Institute Develop and test an integrated thermoelectric generator (TEG)/burner system that can utilize captured methane emissions. Complete the design for a field pilot for oil and gas field operations. Employ advanced thermoelectrics to provide higher system efficiency over commercially available TEGs Integrate burner-heat exchanger to achieve a low-cost system. 25

26 Distributed Optical Fiber Sensor University of Pittsburgh Develop a new distributed fiber optical sensing technology that can perform multi-parameter, real-time measurements on pipeline systems, including methane concentration across long distances (e.g., up to 100 km) at a spatial resolution of 1 meter. Develop a multi-core fiber Develop new polymers Fabricate and test 26