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1 Share the Webinar with Your Followers Use #Solar, #SandiaLabs and #FAA when mentioning today s webinar: New Solar Rules at the FAA and Sandia s Glare Analysis Tool If you are not able to use streaming audio, please use the following dial-in information to join the call: Telephone: Passcode: A recording and a PDF of the slide deck will be available through SEIA s website and webinar portal. All registrants will receive an with directions on how to access the archived recording. April 29, Solar Energy Industries Association 1

2 Antitrust Reminder As a trade association of competitors, SEIA must comply with federal and D.C. antitrust laws. Competitively sensitive matters cannot be discussed on this webinar, including product prices; sales terms or conditions; production levels; sales territories; marketing plans; industry forecasts; or bid terms. If any such topic is raised, SEIA will stop the conversation and, if necessary, end the webinar. For more information, SEIA s antitrust policy is available on its website: April 29, Solar Energy Industries Association 2

3 New Solar Rules at the FAA and Sandia s Glare Analysis Tool Patrick Magnotta, Federal Aviation Administration Clifford K. Ho, PhD, Sandia National Labs

4 Federal Aviation Administration FAA Review of Solar Energy Projects on Federally- Obligated Airports Federal Aviation Administration Office of Airports Washington, D.C.

5 Agenda Background Interim Policy, FAA Review of Solar Energy System Projects on Federally Obligated Airports (78 FR 63276) Next Steps: FAA Interim Policy and Technical Guidance on Solar Coordination with stakeholders and industry partners FAA Review of Solar Projects on Federally-Obligated Airports April 2014 Federal Aviation Administration 5

6 Background The FAA is involved in solar energy projects at airports for a variety of reasons: Increased emphasis on renewable energy usage Lack of solar installation data on airport safety and other considerations The need for guidance to our field inspectors Our goal is to ensure aviation safety while supporting renewable energy use at airports To this end, we are collaborating within FAA, with other Federal agencies, and with key stakeholders to develop updated policy statements and technical guidance on solar FAA Review of Solar Projects on Federally-Obligated Airports April 2014 Federal Aviation Administration 6

7 FAA Interim Policy on Review of Solar Energy Projects Interim Policy, FAA Review of Solar Energy System Projects on Federally-Obligated Airports 78 FR Published in the Federal Register on October 23, 2013 Available at Intent: Ensure safety by eliminating the potential for ocular impact to pilots and air traffic control facilities due to glare from solar energy systems Scope: On-airport solar energy projects Solar photovoltaic (PV) Solar hot water (SHW) systems FAA Review of Solar Projects on Federally-Obligated Airports April 2014 Federal Aviation Administration 7

8 FAA Interim Policy on Review of Solar Energy Projects (continued) Key Provisions: Notify the FAA of its intent to construct a solar installation by filing FAA Form , Notice of Proposed Construction or Alteration under 14 CFR Part 77 Airports must depict proposed solar installations on their Airport Layout Plan (ALP), and obtain FAA review and approval, before construction begins This includes the intent to permit airport tenants, including Federal agencies, to build such installations These provisions do not apply to installations that are off-airport or at nonobligated airports FAA Review of Solar Projects on Federally-Obligated Airports April 2014 Federal Aviation Administration 8

9 FAA Interim Policy on Review of Solar Energy Projects (continued) To obtain FAA approval of an ALP that depicts a solar installation, the airport sponsor must demonstrate that proposed project meets the following standards: Ocular impact must be analyzed over the entire calendar year in one (1) minute intervals, from when the sun rises above the horizon until the sun sets below the horizon There must be no potential for glint or glare in the existing or planned Airport Traffic Control Tower (ATCT) cab, and Low or no potential for after-image along the final approach path for any existing or future landing thresholds (including any planned interim phases of the landing thresholds) as shown on the current FAA-approved Airport Layout Plan (ALP) The final approach path is defined as two (2) miles from fifty (50) feet above the landing threshold using a standard three (3) degree glidepath FAA Review of Solar Projects on Federally-Obligated Airports April 2014 Federal Aviation Administration 9

10 Next Steps FAA Interim Policy and Technical Guidance: Comments on the FR Notice are currently being reviewed We are preparing an update to our Technical Guidance for Evaluating Selected Solar Technologies on Airports. We expect to complete this update in late-2014 Coordination with Stakeholders and Industry Partners: Continued outreach to airport and energy industry organizations Continued collaboration with DOE and Sandia Labs Promote voluntary use of the Solar Glare Hazard Analysis Tool (SGHAT) beyond federally-obligated airports FAA Review of Solar Projects on Federally-Obligated Airports April 2014 Federal Aviation Administration 10

11 Solar Glare Hazard Analysis Tool (SGHAT) Clifford K. Ho and Cianan A. Sims Sandia National Laboratories Concentrating Solar Technologies Dept. Albuquerque, New Mexico (505) SAND P Photos placed in horizontal position with even amount of white space between photos and header Photos placed in horizontal position with even amount of white space between photos and header Sandia National Laboratories is a multi-program laboratory managed and operated by Sandia Corporation, a wholly owned subsidiary of Lockheed Martin Corporation, for the U.S. Department of Energy s National Nuclear Security Administration under contract DE-AC04-94AL85000.

12 Introduction Multiple agencies are interested in evaluating potential safety impacts of glint/glare Air Force/DoD Impact on training missions and military installations FAA Impact on airport traffic controllers and pilots California Energy Commission Solar power plant Applications for Certification Local and Federal Agencies Reduce hazards and complaints regarding glare SEIA (Solar Energy Industries Association) Remove barriers to increase deployment of solar energy 12

13 Introduction Glint and glare may cause unwanted visual impacts Pilots, air-traffic controllers, workers, motorists Potential visual impacts Distraction Temporary after-image (flash blindness) Retinal burn Definitions Glint: Momentary flash of light Glare: Continuous source of excessive brightness Objective Develop quantified analysis of glare to reduce uncertainties associated with visual impacts of solar power installations 13

14 Overview Examples of Solar Glare Potential Impacts of Glare SGHAT Demonstration 14

15 Examples of Glare from Solar Technologies Photovoltaics Concentrating Solar Power Heliostats and Central Receiver at Sandia Labs, Albuquerque, NM Dish Collectors at Sandia Parabolic Trough Collectors at Kramer Junction, CA

16 Examples of Glare from Solar Technologies Glare observations from C-12 cockpit at Kramer Junction, CA (from Air Force Flight Test Center 412 TW at Edwards AFB, approval #13166) Glare observed from airport traffic control tower at Manchester-Boston Regional Airport (May 2012). The $3.5M array had to be tarped.

17 Types of Reflection q q Specular Reflection Polished Surfaces (e.g., mirrors, smooth glass) Diffuse Reflection Rough Surfaces (e.g., receivers, textured glass, snow, pavement) 17

18 Reflectivity Mirrors Adapted from ACRP Synthesis 28 Investigating Safety Impacts of Energy Technologies on Airports and Aviation (q) 18

19 Overview Examples of Solar Glare Potential Impacts of Glare SGHAT Demonstration 19

20 Impact of Light Entering the Eye conjunctiva lens light source cornea choroid retina d s d r nodal point pupil iris s f Need to calculate Power entering eye Function of irradiance at the cornea (front of eye) Subtended angle of glare source (size / distance)

21 Equations and analysis methods detailed in Ho et al. (2010, 2011) Potential Ocular Impacts (0.15 s exposure)

22 Overview Examples of Solar Glare Potential Impacts of Glare SGHAT Demonstration 22

23 Solar Glare Hazard Analysis Tool (SGHAT) Calculates sun position throughout the year Prescribes PV arrays using interactive Google Maps Determines presence of glare at prescribed observation points Determines potential ocular hazard Determines annual energy production 23

24 Recent Updates to SGHAT Single- and dual-axis tracking Variable reflectivity based on material type Multiple PV arrays per analysis Editable flight path elevation values and glide slope Glare intensity hazard plots can be viewed Flight-path pilot-viewing-angle restriction (vertical and azimuthal) 24

25 SGHAT Online Web Demonstration 25

26 Conclusions Glint and Glare can cause unwanted visual impacts Analytical models and safety metrics have been developed Models have been validated with test data Web tool has been developed SGHAT predicts when and where glare will occur from a prescribed PV array at user-defined observation points/paths Google Maps is used for easy user interface SGHAT predicts annual energy production Systems can be quickly optimized to mitigate glare while maximizing energy production SGHAT can be used to produce analyses and reports to satisfy FAA requirements for solar installations near airports 26

27 Questions Please type your questions into the lower left corner of the window. Click the send button to submit. April 29, Solar Energy Industries Association 27