R&D on Hydrogen Energy Carriers toward Low Carbon Society

Transcription

1 R&D on Hydrogen Energy Carriers toward Low Carbon Society Clean Coal Day in Japan 2018 International Symposium September 10, 2018 Shigeru Muraki Program Director for SIP Energy Carriers 1

2 Policies and Actions toward a Low Carbon Society Speech by Prime Minister Abe at COP21 The key to acting against climate change without sacrificing economic growth is the development of innovative technologies. To illustrate, there are technologies to produce, store and transport hydrogen towards realizing CO 2 free societies, Council for Science, Technology and Innovation(CSTI) Hydrogen is one of key areas of CSTI strategies. SIP program was launched 2014 ( 5 years program ). Hydrogen energy carrier is one of 11 themes of SIP. Strategic Plan for Hydrogen Utilization (December 26, 2017) (Cabinet Meeting chaired by Prime Minster) Scenario for Basic Hydrogen Strategy (Direct use of ammonia is one of the most feasible options for the low-carbon society.) 2

3 Scenario for Basic Hydrogen Strategy 3

4 Envisaged CO 2 Free Hydrogen Value Chains Hydrogen production Transport (Energy carriers) Utilization Natural gas Petroleum Coal Reforming/ gasification Liquid hydrogen LH 2 (Δ253 ) Gasification Fuel cell vehicle Renewable energy H 2 Carbon dioxide capture and storage Organic hydrides (methyl cyclohexane) (H 2 6wt%) CH 3 3 H 2 MCH CH 3 H 2 Dehydrogenation Power generation Fuel cell H 2 Production by electricity and heat toluene MCH Ammonia NH 3 Liquid: Δ33 or 8.5Bar (H 2 18wt%) Direct use NH 3 fueled gas turbine Fuel cell Mix combustion in coal fired boiler NH 3 furnace Ammonia direct use Power generation sector Industrial sector Transportation sector Gas turbine, Coal fired boiler, Fuel Cell Industrial furnace Marine Engine 4

5 NOx concentration (O2 6 %) [ppm] Key Achievements ~Mix combustion of NH3 in coal fired boiler~ (1/3) The single-burner combustion test furnace Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry Coal consumption Max. feeding rate of NH 3 Secondary & tertiary air Pulverized coal & primary air Staged air 100 kg/hr [760 kw : in put] 30 kg/hr [20% : LHV base] Burner Injection into the burner Injection into the side wall Gasified NH 3 Flue-gas treatment NH 3 / pulverized coal flame Level for coal combustion Distance of the side NH3 port from the coal burner 1.0 m 1.4 m 1.8 m 2.2 m Distributed percentage of NH 3 into the side wall [%] When the side NH 3 port was set at 1.4~2.2 m Exhaust NOx increased as more NH 3 is distributed to the side port. When the side NH 3 port was set at 1.0 m Exhaust NOx decreased as more NH 3 is distributed to the side port. 5

6 Key Achievements ~Mix combustion of NH3 in coal fired boiler~ (2/3) Coal firing test furnace IHI Corporation Coal consumption 1.6 ton/hr [10 MW : in put] Max. feeding rate of NH kg/hr [20% : LHV base] Ammonia was safely combusted. NOx is under 200 [ppm]. There is no ammonia slip in the exhaust gas. 6

7 Key Achievements ~Mix combustion of NH3 in coal fired boiler~ (3/3) Co-fired ammonia at the commercial coal power plant The Chugoku Electric Power Coal consumption Max. feeding rate of NH 3 50 ton/hr [ 120 MW : out put] 450 kg/hr [ 1% : LHV base] 1MW-NH 3 feed / 120MW-Electricity (Coal fired boiler and steam turbine) Accumulator NH 3 The Chugoku Electric Power Co., INC. Mizushima Power Station NH 3 tank NH 3 Vaporizer Header De-nitration Coal Burner Ammonia was safely combusted. There is no ammonia slip and no increase of NOx in the exhaust gas. The electricity was supplied steadily during the demonstration. 7

8 Key Achievements Ammonia-fueled gas turbine power generation Tohoku University / AIST / Toyota Energy Solutions / IHI Corporation CH 4 flame NH 3 flame 41.8 kw power generation was achieved by using 100% ammonia fueled micro gas turbine with less than 10 ppm NOx emission using an ordinary SCR device. 50kW (100% NH 3 ) Micro Gas Turbine Stable flame and low NOx emission were achieved by 2MW class gas turbine under the condition of co-fired 20% ammonia with city gas (methane). 20% NH 3 / CH 4 flame 2MW (20% NH 3 / CH 4 ) Gas Turbine 8

9 Key Achievements Advanced combined cycle gas turbine Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Engineering / Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Exhaust heat H 2 combustor NH 3 Decomposition system H 2 N 2 Residual NH 3 ~hundreds of MWs Hydrogen gas turbine Direct ammonia-fueled solid oxide fuel cell (SOFC) Kyoto University / Noritake Co., Limited / IHI Corporation Development of 100% ammonia-fueled SOFC stack (direct supply of ammonia) and generated 1 kw of electrical power. The performance attained is equivalent to the hydrogen fueled SOFC. Fuel cell stack (Photo:courtesy of Noritake) Insulation materials Fuel cell Heat exchanger Hot test module SOFC system 9

10 Key Achievements Industrial furnaces Osaka University / Taiyo Nippon Sanso Successfully controlled NOx generation below the environmental standard. Developed oxygen enriched combustion and staged combustion. 10kW model furnace Marine Engine JFE Engineering / National Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology Sub Engine Maine Engine Development of ammonia synthesis process from CO 2 free hydrogen JGC Corporation / AIST / National Institute of Technology, Numazu College / JGC Catalysts and Chemicals Ltd Developed new catalysts and processes utilizing hydrogen derived from renewable energy. Constructed a demonstration plant at Fukushima Renewable Energy Institute (20kg-NH 3 /day). New catalyst for producing ammonia Ammonia Synthesis Demonstration Plant 10

11 Power Generation Cost Comparison of Energy Carriers.0 CO 2 -free H 2 Carriers H 2 CO 2 -free H 2 NH 3 CH 4 + CCS NH Dehydrogenetion Direct Combustion CH 4 + CCS Direct Combustion LH 2 MCH NH 3 NH 3 NH 3 LH2 MCH NH3(dehydrogenation) NH3(direct combustion) NH3(direct combustion) 11

12 NH 3 as H 2 Energy Carrier (1) NH 3 s volumetric hydrogen content is significantly larger than that of other energy carriers (high H 2 content) relatively compact infra.; (2) Transportation and storage technologies for NH 3 are already existing. Annually more than 18 M tons of NH 3 is being traded internationally. (3) NH 3 can be directly used as fuel without CO 2 emissions, and NO X emissions in NH 3 combustion can be controlled. (4) NH 3 has acute toxicity with strong smell and easy to detect but not chronic toxicity (US EPA Study), and safety measures are common practice. (5) CCS from NH 3 production plant is a feasible option, and energy equivalent cost of NH 3 is estimated to be the most feasible option. 12

13 Development of CO 2 free Ammonia Value Chain Existing tech. CCS/EOR CO 2 Free NH 3 supply chain can be realized by existing techs. CO 2 NG Existing tech. NH 3 Gas Turbine Pulverized Coal + NH 3 Natural Gas Solar Energy Existing NH 3 Plant (HB Method) Source of H 2 will be shifted renewables in future. CO 2 Free NH 3 Existing tech. Transportation NH 3 Fuel cell (SOFC) CO 2 Free Marine Engine H 2 PV or CSP H 2 Production (CO 2 Free H 2 ) NH 3 Plant Cost Reduction Cost Reduction Under development SIP Industrial Furnaces 13

14 The Green Ammonia Consortium (Established in July 2017) Objective: Aiming at commercialization of CO 2 -free ammonia production and direct use technologies, development of road map towards the commercialization and promotion of collaboration between government and industry. Studies to be conducted by the Consortium (examples): (Production, transportation) (1) Production of CO 2 -free ammonia using CCS/EOR and renewable energy. (2) Scale up of production plants and cargo ships. (3) Supply capacity and supply chains. (Use) (1) Feasibility study and engineering of coal-ammonia mixed combustion power generation. (2) Roadmap on ammonia combustion in small-medium-large scale gas turbines. (3) Roadmap on ammonia fueled SOFC. (4) Roadmap on ammonia utilization in industrial furnaces. 14

15 Members Mr. Muraki Mr. Shiozawa Marubeni Corporation Mitsubishi Corporation Co. Mitsui & Co., LTD The Green Ammonia Consortium PD of SIP Energy Carrier Deputy PD Chubu Electric Power Electric Power Development (J Power) Hokkaido Electric Power The Chugoku Electric Power The Kansai Electric Power Tohoku Electric Power Osaka Gas IHI Corporation JFE Engineering JGC Corporation Mitsubishi Heavy Industries Mitsubishi Hitachi Power Systems Toyota Central R&D Labs. Toyota Energy Solutions Toyota Industries Corporation Toyota Motor Corporation Electricity Gas Supply and Trading Manufactures JGC Catalysts and Chemicals Ltd. Nippon Shokubai Noritake Co., Limited Taiyo Nippon Sanso Ube Industries Chemicals Research Institutes Central Research Institute of Electric Power Industry Japan Coal Energy Center National Institute of Applied Industrial Science and Technology National Institute of Maritime, Port and Aviation Technology Academic advisers Dr. Aika, Deputy PD, Prof. Emeritus TIT Professor Akamatsu. Osaka Univ. Professor Eguchi, Kyoto Univ. Professor Kobayashi, Tohoku Univ. 15

16 Roadmap of Ammonia Supply Chain Existing Supply Natural Gas + CCS/EOR Terms & Conditions FS, Engineering Supply of CO 2 -free Ammonia Renewables Engineering of Small Demonstration Start of Small Demonstration FS & Engineering of Large Scale Supply Supply of CO 2 -free Ammonia Utilization Coal power plant (~1,000MW) Industrial Furnaces SOFC Small size GTs (~0.3MW) Middle size GTs (~2MW) Large size GTs (100MW~) FS Engineering Commercialization Development & Commercialization Implementation Development & Commercialization Development & Commercialization Implementation Implementation Implementation Implementation May

17 Thank you for your attention. 17