Remedial Options to Excavation In-situ Remediation

Transcription

1 Slide 1 Remedial Options to Excavation In-situ Remediation John Sankey, P.Eng., True Blue Technologies, Richmond, BC October 2013

2 Slide 2 Remedial Options to Excavation Source Zone Treatment In-situ Thermal Remediation--Case Study In-situ Chemical Reduction--Case study Enhanced Sparging Surfactant Remediation Dissolved Plume Treatment Anaerobic Bioremediation Aerobic Bioremediation What s new for In-situ Bioremediation Cometabolic Bioremediation--Substrates, Enzymes Reduce Pitfalls Core competency (hydrogeology,biogeochemistry)

3 Slide 3 Matrix Diffusion Video

4 Slide 4 In-situ Thermal Remediation Electrical Resistance Conductive ERH Shown at equal energy inputs % 99.9% ISTD (thermal conduction heating) C 99% VOC Reduction C 30% C ERH energy input causes a 99% reduction ISTD energy: ( %+99.9%+30%)/3 = 77% average reduction

5 IN-SITU THERMAL REMEDIATION USING TRS ERH PROCESS Sand Saturated Zone Groundwater Flow Clay Clay Bedrock

6 TRS ERH PROCESS Electricity is directed into the subsurface area. TRS Power Control Unit

7 TRS ERH PROCESS Electricity is directed into the subsurface area. TRS ERH PROCESS TRS Power Control Unit

8 In-Situ Steam Generation during ERH Electrode Electrode Zooming in on this region. Low permeability lens Current flowing between electrodes heats soil directly

9 In-Situ Steam Generation during ERH DNAPL Low permeability lens Reductive dehalogenation creates a halo of chloride ions in CVOC hot spots

10 In-Situ Steam Generation during ERH Uniform soils would lead to parallel ERH current lines but soils aren t uniform

11 In-Situ Steam Generation during ERH Low permeability lenses and CVOC hot spots attract current

12 In-Situ Steam Generation during ERH Regions with higher current density heat slightly more quickly. Steam bubbles form more quickly at NAPL due to interfacial tension and reduced boiling temperatures.

13 Guaranteed ERH Remediation of PCE and Mineral Spirits - Seattle 2013

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15 Fox Ave, Seattle Results 4,500 4,210 4,000 3,500 PCE and TCE mg/kg 3,000 2,500 2,000 1,500 1, GP-86 GP-38 GP-57 1,700 1,169 1, GP-84 GP-77 GP-70A GP-74 GP-42 ERH Sample Location 1.78 GP GP-35 Post-ERH Pre-ERH Pre-ERH Post-ERH

16 Continued Decline in Average TCE Concentrations in Groundwater Two Years Post ERH Maywood CA 12,000 11,500 10,000 9,450 8,000 TCE µg/l 6,000 4,000 1,767 4,330 2, MW MW MW RW Monitoring Wells and Sample Depth (ft bgs) Inside ERH Treatment Area

17 Page 17 Click In-situ to edit Chemical Master Reduction title style ezvi Sequestration Dissolution Reductive Dehalogenation (abiotic & biotic) tersusenv.com Copyright 2013 Tersus Environmental, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

18 Page 18 Click Case to Study edit Master Full Scale title style TCE source area 75 by150 feet 20 acre dissolved plume 62,000 gallons of 10% EZVI Vegetable oil and KB-1 injected in the down gradient plume areas. tersusenv.com Copyright 2013 Tersus Environmental, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

19 Page 19 Click Case to Study edit Master Full Scale title style Baseline Results ~90% destruction of source area TCE within one year >99% destruction of source area TCE to date 2.5 yrs Post EZVI Injection Prior to EZVI injection- 200 yrs. to attain goals via attenuation Post EZVI injection- Estimated 30 yrs. to attain goals 3.5 yrs Post EZVI Injection tersusenv.com Copyright 2013 Tersus Environmental, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

20 Air Sparging Trapped free-phase LNAPL Air channeling / fingering Poor access of injected air to residual NAPL Slide courtesy of Marios A. Ioannidis tersusenv.com Copyright 2011inVentures Technologies

21 Enhanced Sparging Water is supersaturated with CO 2 CO 2 bubbles nucleate in the aquifer Unsaturated Zone SWI Well Extraction Well Exsolution zone Saturated Zone tersusenv.com Copyright 2011inVentures Technologies

22 Enhanced Sparging Rising CO 2 bubbles Contact hydrocarbons Cause volatilization Groundwater and soil vapor are extracted Unsaturated Zone SWI Well Extraction Well Zhao and Ioannidis, Advances in Water Resources, vol. 34 (1), 2-14, 2011 Enouy et al., Advances in Water Resources, vol. 34 (1), 15-25, 2011 Exsolution zone Saturated Zone tersusenv.com Copyright 2011inVentures Technologies

23 tersusenv.com Copyright 2011inVentures Technologies

24 Slide 24 Surfactants desorb and dissolve Some leading developments from British Columbia

25 Slide Bioremediation After or down gradient from Chemical oxidation Excavation or heat Pump and treat Together with Nutrients Bioaugmentation Cometabolic

26 Slide 26 Why Bioremediation? Cost and less rebound $/yd 3 $$$/yd 3 $$$/yd 3 $$$/yd 3 From: McDade et al, Remediation Journal 15, 9-18, McGuire et al, Ground Water Monitoring and Remediation 26, 73 84, 2006.

27 Slide 27 How Does Bio Work? Dhc Dhc Dhc Dhc Dhc Dhc Dhc Dhc Dhc + + Electron Donor (Food) -EDS EVO -Nutrimens -GPro Electron Acceptor (something to breathe) [O 2, NO 3, SO 4, TCE, etc.] -Tersox -isoc -Nutrisulfate Waste Products [CO 2, N 2, FeS 2, Cl - ] Energy (Drawing Modified from AFCEE and Wiedemeier)

28 Injection

29 Page 29 Click Combining to edit Technologies Master title style Spill Site Nutrisulfate TM isoc Regulated O 2 supply to multiple Devices Groundwater PLUME Flow Direction tersusenv.com Copyright 2013 Tersus Environmental, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

30 Slide 30 Enhancements Adding Vitamins and Nutrients Effect Increases activity, abundance, and fecundity of anaerobic heterotrophic bacteria Benefit Increasing rates and extents of transfers and transformations of targeted compounds Control Sucrose Nutrimens TM

31 Slide 31 Enhancements

32 Slide 32 Enhancements--Nutrimens Key Bioactive Components Yeast Cell Solubles Yeast Cell Wall Periplasm Cell Wall Plasma Membrane Yeast Cell Yeast Cell Solubles Fermentation Media Extracellular Metabolites Phytosterols Organic Acids Nucleotides Peptides Antioxidants Proteins Yeast cell adapted from: Yeast cell wall from:

33 Slide 33 Slide: 33 Cometabolic Approach Cometabolism: simultaneous degradation of two compounds Oxygen is used as an electron acceptor. Cometabolic growth substrate. Nutrients to maximize biomass growth. tersusenv.com Copyright 2012 Tersus Environmental, LLC. All Rights Reserved.

34 Slide 34 Slide: 34 Bioremediation Mechanisms Aerobic Cometabolism (TCE) C 2 HCl 3 MMO NAD H, O 2 (TCE epoxide) C 2 HCl 3 O (dichloroacetic acid) C 2 H 2 Cl 2 O 2 (carbon dioxide) CO 2 (chloride ) Cl (water) H 2 O TRICHLOROETHYLENE (TCE) COMETABOLISM BY Modified from USGS WRI tersusenv.com Copyright 2012 Tersus Environmental, LLC. All Rights Reserved. MONOOXYGENASE ENZYME (MMO)

35 Slide 35 Slide: 35 Cometabolic Approach Lower CAH 1,4-Dioxane NDMA Enzyme Contaminant N-NITROSODIMETHYLAMINE Propane Monooxygenase Toluene Dioxygenase Ring-Hydroxylating Toluene Monooxygenase TCE, DCE, VC TCE, DCE, VC TCE, DCE, VC 1,4-DIOXANE Rocket Fuel, Chlorination of wastewater w/nitrogen Source: Dora NDMA Ogles, Biotransformation Microbial Insights, by P. mendocina Inc., Rockford, KR1 TN tersusenv.com Copyright 2012 Tersus Environmental, LLC. All Rights Reserved. Found comingled with 1,1,1-TCA

36 Slide: 36 Design Considerations Gas Management System GAS infusion WELLS O 2 N 2 Alkane Gas isoc tersusenv.com Copyright 2012 Tersus Environmental, LLC. All Rights Reserved. PLUME

37 Slide Reduce Pitfalls Ground Water Characterization Substrate ROI tool Specific Isotope Analysis Bio treatability studies Tools Available to Assess Microbe Populations

38 Slide 38 Is It Safe to Jump into Remediation Without Collecting Enough Data?

39 Slide 39 What are folks using more of now? Multi-level Groundwater Monitoring--Westbay Geophysics Aquifer Tests--Divers Mass flux

40 Slide 40 Proper Characterization--What to Monitor Indicator Parameters ORP, ph, TOC Electron acceptors (O 2, NO 3, SO 4 ) Electron donors (Mn, Fe, CH 4, TOC) Degradation products See EPA / AFCEE protocol for MNA

41 Slide 41 Design Tools Used Volume Substrate needed --Mass flux Retention by aquifer --Higher in fine grained materials

42 Slide Allocation of plume Method of degradation Specific Isotope Analysis Journal of Contaminant Hydrology

43 Treatability Testing Options Laboratory based batch testing (microcosm studies) Laboratory based column flow through testing Field based treatability testing In Situ Microcosm Array (ISMA)

44 Tools Available to Assess Microbe Populations: Gene-Trac Testing 2) Transport from Field to Lab 3) Filter water sample 4) Extract DNA from filter Quantify total DNA 1) Groundwater Sampling 7) qpcr output used to calculate gene copies /L groundwater 6) PCR amplify specific genes with targeted primers in qpcr Machine 6) Assemble PCR Reactions

45 Microbial Growth Curve and Doubling Times Cell Concentration Exponential Growth Phase +ve doubling times e.g. Dhc 30 days Long or infinite doubling times (e.g. 3,000 days) Stationary Phase Negative doubling times (e.g. Dhc -50 days) Death Phase Time

46 Slide 46 Summary--In-situ Remediation Source zones can be treated in place.quickly and guaranteed. Dissolved plumes can be treated in place. Can be very predictable if you reduce the potential pitfalls.

47 Slide 47 Thank You! By the way, here are True Blue products: Characterization Groundwater data loggers and passive, no-purge samplers Multilevel groundwater sampling system Source Zone Remediation In-situ Thermal Remediation Emulsified Zerovalent Iron for DNAPL and CO2 for NAPL Dissolved Plume Remediation Bioremediation products for chlorinated solvents and petroleum hydrocarbons Small SVE system