Unit E Exam Fresh and Saltwater Systems

Transcription

1 Unit E Exam Fresh and Saltwater Systems 1. Earth seems to have an abundance of water. What percentage of Earth's surface does water account for? a. 90% b. 74% c. 50% d. 21% 2. The amount of fresh water in an area can be seriously reduced by the presence of a. cities b. deserts c. oceans d. forests 3. All the water on Earth can be generally categorized as a. tropical and temperate b. fresh and salt c. oceans and lakes d. rivers and lakes 4. A reservoir is a. an artificial lake b. a small natural lake c. a river flowing out of a dam d. an underground lake 5. A very small fraction of all water on Earth is a. fresh b. in lakes c. potable d. in rivers 6. The term "water quality" is associated with drinking water. All the following are abiotic characteristics associated with water quality except a. organisms b. organic matter c. minerals d. chemicals 7. The total amount of dissolved salts in water is referred to as the water's a. concentration b. chloride content c. salinity d. purity 1

2 8. A major source of disease in freshwater contamination is a. feces and pesticides b. animal and human wastes c. industry waste and pesticides d. animal and industrial waste 9. The disease-causing organism Esherichia coli or E. coli is a (an) a. fungus b. algae c. virus d. bacterium 10. Use the following information to answer the next question. Students from the local school went to a lake near their community to collect aquatic plants and animals for their science room aquarium. The lake was located in an environmental protection area. Some of the students noticed signs posted along the beach which restricted power-boat speed. The main purpose of these signs was to a. prevent injury to swimmers b. reduce noise pollution c. prevent shore erosion d. reduce lake bottom destruction 11. Use the following information to answer the next question. While on their trip to the local community to collect aquatic plants and animals for their science room aquarium. One of their new classmates had only just transferred to their school from Vancouver. She commented it was strange to visit a beach and not have to worry about the tides. Tides are caused by the a. Earth's gravity and the sun's rotation b. rotation of the sun and the moon c. gravity of Earth and the moon d. gravity of the moon and the sun 12. On the ocean in Vancouver, high tides occur a. twice a day at different times b. once a day at different times c. twice a day at the same time d. once a day at the same time 13. Tides occur around the world a. 4 times a day at different times b. once a day at different times c. twice a day at the same time 2

3 d. once a day at the same time 14. Silt and mud settle out at the mouth of a river because a. they are trapped by plants b. the stream flow is slow c. they are trapped by rocks d. the water is shallow 15. A small limestone cave was located at the north end of the lake. Visitors to the cave could take a short, self-guided tour of the upper portion of the cave. Caves of this type are caused by a. mechanical erosion b. glaciation c. chemical weathering d. movement of Earth's crust 16. Because of the Continental Divide, all rivers and streams in Alberta eventually flow east. The Continental Divide is located between a. Alberta and British Columbia b. Alberta and the Yukon c. the foothills and the mountains d. Alberta and the U.S. border 17. The drainage patterns of Alberta and Saskatchewan are primarily a result of a. erosion b. glaciation c. wind d. plate tectonics and volcanic action 18. Large deposits of gravel are excavated for use in road construction and the manufacture of concrete. These ancient moraines formed a. at the source point of glaciers b. from deposits of glacial melt water c. from scoured out depressions d. at the edges of glaciers 19. The mountain ranges in Alberta have a significant effect on the climate of this province. Which of the following statements best reflects this influence? a. Central Alberta is moist because it is located east of the Rocky Mountains. b. Precipitation is high on the eastern slopes of the Rockies 3

4 and low on the western slopes. c. Precipitation is high on the western slopes of the Rockies and low on the eastern slopes. d. Chinooks are caused by warm moist air flowing into Alberta from British Columbia. 20. Whales, sharks, and dolphins are most often found in a(n) a. estuary b. intertidal zone c. continental shelf d. marsh 21. Starfish would most likely be found in a(n) a. estuary b. intertidal zone c. continental shelf d. marsh 22. Which of the following statements about the ocean is correct? a. The salinity of the oceans in the world is not constant. b. All adaptations are physical changes in organisms. c. Marine species cannot live in fresh water. d. Deep ocean water temperatures are higher in the tropics. 23. All of the following statements are correct about acid rain except a. Water appears clear. b. Air pollution causes acid rain. c. Population numbers are reduced. d. Organism diversity increases. 24. Algal blooms can decrease the water quality of a lake or pond. All of the following statements correctly describe the effect of an algal bloom on the lake except a. The amount of light entering the lower depths is decreased. b. The oxygen levels in the lake decrease. c. The algal growth is caused by decreased nutrient levels. d. Animals and plants begin to die off. 25. Much of the electrical power in Alberta is generated by thermo-electric generating plants. These plants burn coal or natural gas and require a great deal of water to condense the steam after it has left the generators. Which of the following statements would correctly describe the effect of 4

5 this industry on the water quality of the lakes adjacent to them? a. An increase in the amount of water in lakes. b. The gases they release carry away valuable nutrients. c. Thermal pollution increases. d. The nearby lakes become increasingly more diverse 26. What percent of water used in the world is used for irrigation? a. 91% b. 73% c. 50% d. 10% 27. Chlorine is added to city water supplies before it is distributed to households for consumption. Which statement below best describes why this practice is used? a. Chlorine removes offensive odors from the water. b. Water taste is improved by the addition of chlorine. c. It helps to remove chemicals that colour the water. d. It kills disease-causing organisms in the water. 28. The distillation of water removes only the odour, colour, and bacteria. 29. Hardness refers to the mineral content of the water. 30. In a river's early stages, it flows slowly and straight but later becomes fast and branched. 31. Seamounts are underwater volcanoes that do not come all the way to the surface of the ocean. 32. Deep trenches in the ocean are caused by the collision of oceanic and continental plates. 5

6 33. The average temperature, wind, and precipitation measured over a long period of time are called weather. 34. The winds moving up western slopes of the Rocky Mountains have low moisture content. 35. The climate of cities near the Great Lakes is warmer than those on the prairies. 36. The zone between the land and the high tide mark is called the intertidal zone. 37. Fresh water from rivers and streams mixes with the salt water of the ocean to form estuaries. 38. All the perch that live in the freshwater lakes of Alberta would represent a population. 39. The zebra mussel is a species of mollusk that was introduced into Canada from Europe. It is responsible for long-term changes to the Great Lakes. 40. Freshwater organisms easily adapt to changes in temperature and salinity. 41. Logging and forestry have a serious negative impact on water quality. 6