First National Communication of Albania Problems and Constrains

Transcription

1 First National Communication of Albania Problems and Constrains Inter-regional Workshop of (CGE) on National Communications from NAI Parties April 2002, Bonn, Germany Prepared by: Ermira FIDA National Coordinator Climate Change Enabling Activities - Albania

2 Content of Presentation Background information on FNC Content of FNC of Albania GHG inventory Background problems & constrains Abatement analysis Background problems & constrains V&A Background Problems and constrains Public awareness, education and training Background Problems and constrains

3 Background on FNC, Albania GEF funded Project ALB/96/G32 Enabling Albania to prepare its first National Communication in response to its commitments to UNFCCC Official starting date 01 October,1998 Executing Agency Ministry of Environment of Albania Implementing Agency UNDP CO NEX modalities Current status FNC completed in draft form in March 2002 Top-up phase started

4 Content of FNC, Albania 7 Chapters: Executive summary National circumstances GHG inventory Abatement analysis Vulnerability assessment and adaptation National Action Plan to address CC Education, training and public awareness Financial, technological needs and constrains Annexes

5 GHG inventory- Background Base year energy sector Methodology Revised 1996 IPCC guidelines CORINAIR Classification of Solvents IPCC default EFs Country specific EF(wood stoves, industrial boilers) classification of fruit trees IPCC Good Practice Guidance

6 GHG inventory- Background Report on: Methodology used Emissions of direct GHG effect: CO 2, CH 4, N 2 O Emissions of indirect GHG effect CO, NO x, NMVOCs (reported separately) CO 2 emissions from fuel combustion Using reference approach and sectoral approach Difference between two approaches

7 GHG inventory - Background Report on (cont.) Main CO 2 indicators CO 2 /GDP, CO 2 /Capita Comparison among other countries International bunker Fuels (reported separately) Sources of data Key sources Uncertainties Quantitative information

8 GHG inventory Problems & Constrains Institutional Weak cooperation with national institutions for getting Activity Data Difficulties in getting Activity Data for free Lack of a legal framework for reporting obligations from Relevant state institutions Private sector NEX (National Execution Modalities) NPC works under responsibility of NPD (Nat.Proj. Director) NPC works under the pressure of political changes The contradictions between the NPC and NPD Lack of appropriate support from PSC

9 GHG inventory Problems & Constrains Technical Lack of disaggregated Activity Data Aggregation of data on energy balance Inconsistent with that of IPCC Lack of AD in Transport sector According to the modes of road transport High variability of AD among 90 s Lack of AD on Fuel consumption/industry For years other than 1994 High variability of AD among 90 s

10 GHG inventory Problems & Constrains Technical (cont.) Lack of AD in LUCF Fuel wood consumption for energy purposes key source High degree of uncertainty from this sub-sector 79,23% (total. uncertainty. 17,03%) Lack of AD in agriculture/livestock enteric fermentation key source Very fragmentized or discrete

11 Technical (cont.) Most of EFs do not reflect Albanian situation Lack of country specific EFs. Two cases only GHG inventory Problems & Constrains Lack of regional EFs Availability of resources Lack of trained experts on GHG inventories Lack of previous experience on GHG inv. compilation

12 GHG inventory Problems & Constrains Methodological issues Discrepancy on local classification of forests to that of IPCC IPCC do not reflect the case of burning waste or open dump Albania case IPCC do not provide methodology for solvents

13 Abatement Analysis Background Time horizon Methodology Baseline scenario LEAP, version 95.0 for Energy and Transport Revised 1996 IPCC for other sectors Abatement scenario GACMO for Energy and Transport Expert judgment for other sectors

14 Abatement Analysis Background Report on: Methodology used Baseline and alternative trends of GHG emissions Abatement options/measures 25 quantitative abatement measures for energy and transport 2 qualitative ones for LUCF 2 qualitative ones for Agriculture 2 qualitative ones for Waste Abatement cost Cost/benefit analysis for energy and transport National Plan for abatement

15 Abatement Analysis Problems & Constrains Institutional: The same as inventory ones Technical Lack of data for analysis of some measures in residential and service Introduction of Central Heating Systems Introduction of DHS (District Heating Schemes) Introduction of Small Scale CHP and DHS in new urban areas Lack of adopted strategies for some sectors Lack of predictions of future developments for different sectors

16 Abatement Analysis Problems & Constrains Methodological & avail.of resources There are no explicit guidelines from UNFCCC Lack of skilled experts Lack of hands on training on available models Lack of models/software for scenario construction for: sectors other than energy & transport

17 V&A- Background Time horizons for CC Scenarios 2025, 2050, 2100 Methodology IPCC technical guidelines for assessing CC Impacts and adaptations, 1994 MAGIC/SCENGEN software Statistical models, expert judgement,regional analogies Scope of assessment: Hydrosphere, natural ecosystems, managed ecosystems, energy, industry,transport,health, population, tourism.

18 V&A- Background Report on Methodology used Scope of assessment Evaluation of current climate situation Expected climate changes Expected impacts of climate changes Adaptation measures National plan for adaptation

19 V&A Problems and Constrains Institutional Difficulties in getting some data for free Lack of a legal framework for reporting obligations from relevant institutions Lack of appropriate support from PSC members for data provision Lack of a regional/sub-regional cooperation

20 V&A Problems and Constrains Technical and avail. of resources Lack of experience for such a complex study Lack of trained experts Lack of data Lack of regular monitoring Impossible to develop baseline scenarios for some sectors like agriculture,tourism, etc. Their development before 90 s was dictated by political factors

21 V&A Problems and Constrains Technical and avail.of resources (cont) Difficulties in data processing Difficulties in filling data gaps Lack of software for impact assessment Lack of modeling expertise Lack of experience in cost/benefit analysis

22 V&A Problems and Constrains Methodological No explicit guidelines from UNFCCC Need for a finer resolution for MAGIC/SCENGEN Need of simulation of extreme events Lack of methods for development of socioeconomic scenarios Lack of models for cost/benefit analysis

23 Education,training & public awareness Background Report on: Level of awareness on cc issues Level of education on Environmental issues Climate change issues Efforts made to incorporate into school curricula Environmental Issues / Climate change issues Level of participation of public into cc issues Training programs on CC Gaps and constrains

24 Education,training & public awareness Constrains Constrains (general) Low level of awareness on CC issues from general public to policy-makers Lack of appropriate resources for integration of CC into school curricula Lack of fellowships for training on CC Lack of NGOs which deals with CC issues

25 Thank you!