ChIR Symposium 2017 Faro, 3-4 July

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1 Matilde Mazzotti (a), Flavio Guidi (a), Gianni Sulas (a), Guido Emiliani (a) (a) Micoperi Blue Growth srl, via Trieste 279 Ravenna Faro, 3-4 July 1

2 3. Micoperi Blue Growth : A blue growth for a sustainable future Start up company born in 2014 Develop new technologies to produce sustainable algal biomass Guarantee of traceability and high quality of its products Core business: research on microalgae cultivations MBG All rights reserved 2

4 Prokaryotic and eukaryotic Wide range habitats With diverse metabolic potential Different organic compounds Half of the O2 CO2 sequestration 1. WHY MICROALGAE? CHROMOPLAST Antioxidants Carotenoids The biofactory LIPID DROPS Oil Omega 3 NUCLEUS CELL WALL Biopolymers β-glucans CHLOROPLAST Pigments Chlorophyll 4

to adapt their PSI and PSII CCM facilitate CO2 uptake when there is low availability of it.

5 Rate of C assimilation (% max) Higher photosynthetic efficiency 1. WHY MICROALGAE? Differences with land plants: CO 2 concentrating mechanisms (CCM) Greater ability to capture light because of Rubisco enzyme and to adapt their PSI and PSII CCM facilitate CO2 uptake when there is low availability of it. Pumped CO2 near Rubisco: high speed and concentrations Air equilibrium More rapid biomass accumulation than in land plants External CO 2 concentration (mm) +CCM -CCM 5

6 2. FIELDS OF APPLICATION 200s species: > species identified 200 species used in worldwide sectors Only 5-6 species are today commercially exploited Attractive for commercial exploitation in a low carbon economy 6

7 2. FIELDS OF APPLICATION Exploited for centuries as food! COMMERCIALISED!! Clorella e spirulina Only DIETARY SUPPLEMENTS (without anykind of processing except drying) Full of bioactive compounds to become innovative source for new food!! EARLY DEVELOPMENT!! 7

8 2. FIELDS OF APPLICATION 5 gr. Spirulina = 1 Spoon VITAMIN B12 / 500 gr Meat PROTEIN / 35 gr Beef IRON / 300 gr Spinach CALCIUM / 3 glass of milk ß CAROTENE/ 18 carotts PHOSPHOROUS / 1 anchovy VITAMIN E/ 3 almonds potassium / 1 tomato 8

2. FIELDS OF APPLICATION The heightend awareness concerning

the need for a more sustainable AGRICULTURAL production

feritlizer Induce systemic resisthance in plants against

! Several studies performed on pets, fishes and farm animals:

9 2. FIELDS OF APPLICATION The heightend awareness concerning environmental preservation and resource scarsity has produced the need for a more sustainable AGRICULTURAL production systems Potential to ricover nutrients from waste and release feritlizer Induce systemic resisthance in plants against pathogens (MBG s PATENT for ISR) COMMERCIALISED!! Several studies performed on pets, fishes and farm animals: animal health growth and nutriotional properties Source of protein, color, lipids. 9

10 High valuable compounds for : PHARMACEUTICAL, MEDICAL AND COSMETICS 2. FIELDS OF APPLICATION Many species, intentionally stressed by specific factors (strong light, nutrients depletion, salt..) or during specific phase of growth can produce interesting compounds EXTRACTS PUFA s: ARA, EPA, DHA, Pigments: phicoerythrin, astaxanthin, phycocyanin, carotenoids.. Sulfated polysacharid, Beta-glucan, proteins. (c) MBG All right reserved 10

2. FIELDS OF APPLICATION C O S M E T I C

! anti-inflammation, anti-aging, hydrating,

Antitumoral, Antiviral, Antioxidant Many EU

11 2. FIELDS OF APPLICATION C O S M E T I C COMMERCIALISED!! anti-inflammation, anti-aging, hydrating, suncare M E D I C A L A N D P H A R M A C E U T I C A L Specific advantages over synthetic alternatives Marker Anticancer, Antitumoral, Antiviral, Antioxidant Many EU producers are stepping in algae exctract! (c) MBG All right reserved 11

12 2. FIELDS OF APPLICATION NH 4 + : 97 µmol g -1 h -1 NO 3- : µmol g -1 h -1 Mazzotti et al. (in preparation) Treatment of watewater pollution nutrients and heavy metal removal Research since 1950 several wastewater and species Assimilation and bioaccumulation 12

2. FIELDS OF APPLICATION Third generation of

harvesting High exponential growth High lipid

13 2. FIELDS OF APPLICATION Third generation of BIOFUELS High PUFA s contents!!! Attractive reasons for microalgae in biofuels: Marginal lands Wastewater Continuous harvesting High exponential growth High lipid CO2 from industries gas SOLUTION: INTEGRATED SYSTEMS!!!!!!! EXPENSIVE!! 13

14 3. THE ALGAE MARKET tonnes dry weight SIZE AND VALUE OF PRODUCTION total production volume MICROALGAE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES HAS GROWN FAST AND DIVERSIFIED: 75% IN HEALTH FOOD MARKET AS DIETARY SUPPLEMENT 25% FEED AND COSMETIC, FOOD ADDITIVES IT IS GROWING THE HIGH VALUE COMPOUNDS MARKET MBG 2015 All rights reserved 14

3. THE ALGAE MARKET tonnes dry weight SIZE AND VALUE OF PRODUCTION total production volume 10000 9000 8000 1999 7000 2004 6000 2011 5000 4000 3000 2000 1000 0 MICROALGAE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES

15 3. THE ALGAE MARKET tonnes dry weight SIZE AND VALUE OF PRODUCTION total production volume MICROALGAE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIES HAS GROWN FAST AND DIVERSIFIED: 75% IN HEALTH FOOD MARKET AS DIETARY SUPPLEMENT 25% FEED AND COSMETIC, FOOD ADDITIVES IT IS GROWING THE HIGH VALUE COMPOUNDS MARKET MBG 2015 All rights reserved 15

4. CULTIVATION: SITES & SYSTEMS Every species has its own peculiarities in terms

have develop several type of systems: OPEN PONDS: OPEN PONDS GREEN HOUSE:

and high risks of contamination, they have low maintenance and constructions

16 4. CULTIVATION: SITES & SYSTEMS Every species has its own peculiarities in terms of growth parameters, and for this reason, but not only, research and industry have develop several type of systems: OPEN PONDS: OPEN PONDS GREEN HOUSE: PHOTOBIOREACTORS: Open ponds present a great dependence on weather conditions and high risks of contamination, they have low maintenance and constructions costs PRODUCTIVITY PER SURFACE SPECIES VARIETY QUALITY COSTS MBG 2015 All rights reserved 16

17 4. CULTIVATION: LOW PRODUCTION and LOW QUALITY «It is the best well known food supplement commercially called Spirulina» 15,4 7,7 7,7 7,7 Europe 61,5 An example of the importance of knowing microalgae can be found in the CYANOBACTERIA Arthrospira platensis: Low globally production of 5000 tonnes per year despite of the high market demand Asia US Central America Oceania References: Vardaka et al MBG Tutti All rights i diritti reserved riservati 17

4. CULTIVATION: LOW PRODUCTION and LOW QUALITY While Spirulina is widely

quality and the risks associated with this algae.

Cyanobacteri a OTUs 58% Spirulina OTU 42% First report on molecular

additional cyanobacteria 6,4 % 3,2 % n = 31 Due to environmental

18 4. CULTIVATION: LOW PRODUCTION and LOW QUALITY While Spirulina is widely recognised with healthy aspects, there are really few studies on the quality and the risks associated with this algae. No specific legislation for EU algae production 19,4 % 6,4 % Other Cyanobacteri a OTUs 58% Spirulina OTU 42% First report on molecular diversity of commercially available «Spirulina» 18/31 : one to five additional cyanobacteria 6,4 % 3,2 % n = 31 Due to environmental competition and contamination MBG Tutti All rights i diritti reserved riservati References: Vardaka et al. 2016

19 Low quality of many Sprirulina based products due to several aspects: No research 4. CULTIVATION: LOW PRODUCTION and LOW QUALITY No cleaning No quality chain Contamination No technology Fungi Bacteria Patogens Other algae References: Vardaka et al. 2016

20 5. A SOLUTION FOR AN ALL YEAR-LONG HQ PRODUCTION Combination of several aspects: high-tech greenhouse, monitoring and research Innovative facilities and cultivation systems Morphological and genetical analysis Monitoring and chemical and physical analysis MBG 2015 All rights reserved 20

monitoring Frequency and research visual check growth

values High value compounds Every 3-4 days Daily Daily

Microbiological analysis Monthly Performed by our Lab

months Physico chemical analysis of water Pesticides

21 5. A SOLUTION FOR AN ALL YEAR-LONG HQ PRODUCTION Combination Analysis of high-tech greenhouse, monitoring Frequency and research visual check growth ph - C - lux Macro nutrients check up Nutritional values High value compounds Every 3-4 days Daily Daily Every harvest Every 1-2 weeks Every 2-3 weeks Microbiological analysis Monthly Performed by our Lab or external and certified Lab: Patogens Every 2-3 months Physico chemical analysis of water Pesticides and heavy metals Toxins Every 6 months Every year Every year MBG 2015 All rights reserved 21

22 OPEN 5. CULTIVATION: SOLUTIONS Species specific systems of cultivations ALGAE SPECIES FIELDS OF APPLICATION VOLUME OF PRODUCTION For each system: CLOSED MATERIALS RELATIONSHIP SIZES 22

8 kg of CO 2 per kg of dry biomass) Less water consumption WATER CONSUMPTION PER KG OF

23 5. ALGAE CONTRIBUTION FOR THE HUMAN AND ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS Production of High Quality microalgae healty properties i.e. Spirulina as microalga is a natural eater of air CO 2 (O.8 kg of CO 2 per kg of dry biomass) Less water consumption WATER CONSUMPTION PER KG OF PROTEIN BEEF MEAT 50 L WHEAT 6 L SOY 3 L SPIRULINA 1 L MBG All rights reserved 23

24 6. Missing NEW GREEN TECHNOLOGIES FOR INDUSTRIAL EXCTRACTION SAFE SOLVENTS LOW ENERGY CONSUMPTION RECYCLING METHODS SCALABLE COST SAVING EFFICIENT fatty acids others COMPOSITION OF LIPID EXCTRACTION FROM P. tricornutum TRADITIONAL NEW GREEN Data from a collaboration with University of Bologna CIRI Lab Prof. Tagliavini MBG 2015 All rights reserved 24

25 5. Missing NEW GREEN TECHNOLOGIES FOR INDUSTRIAL EXCTRACTION DSM s algae derived DHA is found in 99 % of all baby food in USA (Enzing et al. 2014) Spolaore et al «world wholesale market for infant market US$ 10 billion per year» MBG 2015 All rights reserved 25