Hawaii Greenhouse Gas Sequestration Task Force Act 015, SLH Office of Planning State of Hawaii

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1 Hawaii Greenhouse Gas Sequestration Task Force Act 015, SLH 2018 Office of Planning State of Hawaii

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3 Total Surface Area of the Main Hawaiian Islands = Approx. 4.1 Million Acres with a population of approx. 1,360,301 Big Island = Approx. 2,578,176 Acres with a pop. of approx. 185,079 Maui = Approx. 743,360 Acres with a pop. of approx. 144,444 Oahu = Approx. 384,448 Acres with a pop. of approx. 953,207 Kauai = Approx. 396,800 Acres with a pop. of approx. 66,921 Molokai = Approx. 166,694 Acres with a pop. of approx. 7,345

4 Rank Landowner Total Acres 1 Gov't State total 1,574,530.8 Gov't. - State (excludes DHHL) 1,375,634.9 Gov't. - State Dept. of Hawaiian Home Lands (DHHL) 198, Gov't. Federal 531, Kamehameha Schools 363, Parker Ranch 105, Robinson Family 101, Pulama Lanai 89, Alexander & Baldwin 86, Molokai Ranch 53, Gov't. County total 38,127.7 Gov't. County of Honolulu 18,672.4 Gov't. County of Hawaii 9,846.7 Gov't. County of Maui 1/ 8,632.7 Rank Landowner Total Acres 11 Haleakala Ranch 29, Maui Land & Pine 22, Yee Hop 21, Dole Food Company 19, Ulupalakua Ranch 18, W.H. Shipman 16, Kahuku Aina Properties 16, McCandless Ranch 15, E.C. Olson 13, The Nature Conservancy 13,357.6 Gov't. County of Kauai Grove Farm 30,837.2

5 2015 Crop Summary by Acreage Crop Types Hawaii Kauai Maui Molokai Lanai Oahu State Total Aquaculture Banana Coffee 5,525 3, ,149 Commercial Forestry 21,061 1, ,864 Dairy 1, ,855 Diversified Crop 3,266 1,199 1, ,865 16,904 Flowers / Foliage / Landscape 1, ,432 Macadamia Nuts 21, ,545 Papaya 2, ,824 Pineapple - - 1, ,414 4,508 Seed Production - 13, ,342-7,333 23,728 Sugar , ,810 Taro Tropical Fruit 3, ,980 Crop Total: 61,149 21,310 43,360 3, , ,831 Pasture 554,324 41, ,447 38,261-18, ,429 Total Agriculture: 615,473 63, ,808 41, , ,261

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7 FARMS BY SIZE UNIT 2012 Farms number 7,000 Land in farms acres 1,129,317 Farms by size 1 to 9 acres number 4, to 49 acres number 1, to 179 acres number to 499 acres number to 999 acres number 57 1,000 to 1,999 acres number 48 2,000 acres or more number 79 Average size of farm acres 161 Median size of farm acres 5 In 2007, the median US farm size was 80 acres.

8 Conservation district forest land Island Forest reserve land by Acreage 1/ Private forest land by Acreage 2/ State Total 657, ,742 Hawaii 453, ,745 Maui 67,769 53,180 Kahoolawe - - Lanai - 6,150 Molokai 11,690 - Oahu 38,966 88,817 Kauai 86,174 73,850 Niihau - - 1/ State-owned and privately-owned lands under surrender agreement in forest reserve system. 2/ Private forest land within conservation district. The majority of these lands were previously in the forest

9 Specific to Hawaii, largest sources of GHG emissions in the AFOLU sector are agricultural soil carbon followed by enteric fermentation, agricultural soil management, and forest fires. AFOLU Sector Sources (2015) Percent Contriubution MMTCO 2 e Agricultural Soil Carbon 50.0% 0.56 Enteric Fermentation 21.4% 0.24 Agricultural Soil Management 12.5% 0.14 Forest Fires 10.7% 0.12 Manure Management 3.6% 0.04 Field Burning of Agricultural Residues 0.9% 0.01 Urea Application 0.4% Total > 1.12 MMT=Million Metric Tons CO 2 e=carbon Dioxide Equivalent Emissions

10 Specific to Hawaii, largest sinks for GHGs in the AFOLU sector is forest carbon followed by urban trees and landfilled yard trimmings and food scraps. AFOLU Sector Sinks (2015) Percent Contriubution MMTCO 2 e Forest Carbon 85.3% 2.62 Urban Trees 13.0% 0.40 Landfilled Yard Trimmings and Food Scraps 1.6% 0.05 Total > 3.07 MMT=Million Metric Tons CO 2 e=carbon Dioxide Equivalent Emissions

11 The Hawaii State Legislature in the 29 th Legislative Session, 2018, recognized that climate change is real and poses a serious threat to the State s economy, sustainability, and natural resources. It is undisputed that current agriculture, forestry and land use practices contribute to anthropogenic GHG emissions but we have the potential to sequester more than we emit! The Legislature passed HB 2182, HD 2, SD 2, CD 1, relating to climate change, which was signed into law as Act 15, SLH 2018.

12 Act 15, SLH 2018 establishes a permanent Greenhouse Gas Sequestration Task Force. Act 015 created the Task Force to: Gain a more thorough understanding of how agricultural land management practices can sequester carbon; provide greenhouse gas benefits; decrease marine sedimentation; and add green canopy to urban areas to curb rising temperatures; and Identify land use policies, marine use policies, agricultural policies and agroforestry policies that promotes GHG sequestration and build healthy soils.

13 Pursuant to Act 015, the Task Force is charged with establishing: A baseline for GHG emissions within Hawaii s agricultural and natural environments; Short- and long-term benchmarks for increasing GHG sequestration in Hawaii s agricultural and natural environments; Criteria that may be used to measure: Baseline levels and increases in GHG sequestration; Improvements in soil health; Increases in agricultural and aquacultural product yield and quality due to GHG sequestration and soil health; and Ways to increase the generation and use of compost and urban tree canopies.

14 Pursuant to Act 15, the Task Force is tasked with promoting GHG sequestration, healthy soils, water holding capacity and increasing crop yields through: Incentives; Research; Technical assistance; and Educational materials and outreach.

15 How is the GHGSTF proposing to establish the baseline for GHG emissions within Hawaii s agricultural and natural environments? Hawaii Revised Statutes Chapter 342B, Part VI, dealing with GHG Emissions, provides that by 2020 Hawaii is to reduce its statewide GHG emissions to at or below 1990 levels. GHG emissions from airplanes are not included. To reach this limit, Hawaii has been measuring it GHG emissions from various sectors, including AFOLU. Hawaii as an Inventory of GHG Emissions from 1990 and Hawaii is updating its Inventory of GHG Emissions for 2010 and 2015, which should be available soon. DONE!!!

16 How is the GHGSTF proposing to obtain benchmarks for increasing GHG sequestration in Hawaii s agricultural and natural environments? First, we need to need to be able to map accurately the sequestration potential of Hawaii soils. There are 12 soil orders and Hawaii has 10 of the 12 different soil orders.

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20 These soil maps show that there is a large diversity of soil on the Hawaii islands and this is due to: geologic time sharp gradients in climate land use management invasive species Of the 10 soil orders in Hawaii, two in particular have an inherent ability to sequester large amounts of carbon. Histosols -- Histosols are soils rich in organic matter. Andisols -- Andisols are volcanic ash derived soils with a high mineral surface area which carbon strongly binds to. 65% of soils in Hawaii are Andisols and Histosols.

21 How is the GHGSTF proposing to obtain benchmarks for increasing GHG sequestration in Hawaii s agricultural and natural environments? First, we need to need to be able to map accurately the sequestration potential of Hawaii soils. Is it easy to obtain baselines for GHG sequestration in Hawaii s agricultural and natural environments? Hawaii is a challenging place to map accurately soil carbon stocks because of: Wide diversity of climatic and elevational gradients. Soil is inherently heterogeneous and difficult to spatially map accurately.

22 Is it easy to obtain baselines for GHG sequestration in Hawaii s agricultural and natural environments? Even with these challenges, we think that we can accurately map baseline soil carbon stocks. The GHGSTF is hoping to fund a project to create a statewide soil carbon map and land use-landcover geographic information system (GIS) layer for natural and working lands. Compile available datasets for a soil carbon inventory in Hawaii through Natural Resources Conservation Service (NRCS), National Cooperative Soil Survey (NCSS) Datamart and Rapid Carbon Assessment (RaCA) downloads, etc. Geospatial statistical analysis and representation of summarized soil carbon stock in statewide maps Create GIS layers

23 Is it easy to obtain baselines for GHG sequestration in Hawaii s agricultural and natural environments? Even before beginning our baselines statewide soil carbon map, we know that the Big Island holds the vast majority of soil carbon in the State. Molokai has a lot of rocky mountainous areas resulting in the lowest soil carbon stock across the islands. Oahu is a particularly difficult island to accurately map soil carbon because it is highly modified and densely populated and a large portion of land is highly urbanized. This information gathered will allow us to know where our best GHG sequestration potential is in Hawaii and appropriately make policy recommendations.

24 How is the GHGSTF proposing to establish criteria to measure improvements in soil health? The GHGSTF is hoping to fund a demonstration pilot project on Oahu with support from federal and nonprofit partners to implement Best Management Practices (BMPs) to reduce GHG emissions and support soil health. The program hopes to work directly with farms to implement BMPs that increase sequestration of carbon in soil, increase organic matter, reduce tillage, and reduce other GHG emissions on farms. Farms will be invited to establish demonstration plantings of BMPs known to improve soil health and sequester carbon. Funds will be provided to demonstration farms in the form of cost-share and used to offset implementation costs. To evaluate benefits of BMPs on soil health and carbon sequestration, soil samples will be collected and analyzed at the start of each farm project and periodically throughout the duration of the selected BMPs.

25 How is the GHGSTF proposing to incentivize additional soil health initiatives and other GHG sequestration activities? The GHGSTF is working with the Prof. Kirsten Oleson of the University of Hawaii Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Management (UH NREM) Prof. Oleson s UH NREM Graduate class is devoting a semester to reviewing: (i) options for sequestration with specific land use sectors agriculture, aquaculture and forestry (ii) policies, such as Carbon Tax, Cap & Trade, increasing existing Environmental Response, Energy, and Food Security Tax (Barrel Tax), etc., to incentivize promote sequestration, which will produce (iii) recommendations. Graduate class will produce a white paper with executive summary or a policy brief and present it to the Task Force.

26 What is the overall purpose of (1) the GHG emissions, (2) obtaining benchmarks for increasing GHG sequestration in Hawaii s agricultural and natural environments, and (3) incentivizing soil health initiatives and GHG sequestration activities? Hawaii Act 15, SLH 2018, that created the GHGSTF states that the information gathered from the studies is to be used to help the State reach GHG neutrality by 2045.

27 How can Hawaii reach GHG neutrality by 2045? Through our agricultural and natural environments Through current State Offset Projects -- Hawaii DLNR DOFAW is currently working on two Forestry Carbon Projects Puʻu Mali Forest Carbon Project of approx. 5,000 + acres on the Mauna Kea Forest Reserve of the Big Island Kahikinui / Nakula Carbon Project of approx. 4,700 acres on the Leeward slopes of Haleakalā in East Maui

28 How can Hawaii reach GHG neutrality by 2045? Through a private Forestry Carbon Project by Hawaiian Legacy Hardwoods registered with The Gold Standard on the Hamakua Coast of the Big Island on approx. 2,700 acres. Through a private Forestry Carbon Project Kona Hema Preserve under exploration by The Nature Conservancy in South Kona on the Slope of Mauna Loa of the Big Island on approx. 8,000+ acres.

29 Hawaii Sustainability Laws How can Hawaii reach GHG neutrality by 2045? ENERGY TRANSFORMATION: Greenhouse Gas Emissions Limit (State Law: Hawaii Revised Statutes 342B-Part VI, enacted in 2007) Establishes a GHG emissions limit to be equal to/below statewide GHG emissions in 1990 by 2020 GHG Inventories currently being updated for publication Inventories: Excludes Aviation Fuel Emissions Excludes International Bunker Fuel Emissions Includes Carbon Sinks

30 Hawaii Sustainability Laws How can Hawaii reach GHG neutrality by 2045? ENERGY TRANSFORMATION: Hawaii s Clean Energy Initiative (Adopted in 2008, State Law: Hawaii Revised Statutes , enacted in 2010) Began as an MOU with US Dept. of Energy to reduce Hawaii s dependence on imported fossil fuels, evolved into a framework of 82 laws in the last decade to commit to Hawaii s clean energy future MOU with USDOE: 100% Renewable Portfolio Standard by % Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standard by 2030

31 Hawaii Sustainability Laws How can Hawaii reach GHG neutrality by 2045? ENERGY TRANSFORMATION: Hawaii s 100% Renewable Portfolio Standard by 2045 (State Law: Hawaii Revised Statutes , enacted in 2014) Codifies the goals set forth by the MOU with USDOE Mandates that all electricity utilities in the State of Hawaii establish a renewable portfolio standard of: 10% by % 15% by % 30% by % 40% by % 70% by % 100% by % 9.4% 9.5% 5.0% Hawaii Renewable Portfolio Standard Progress ( ) Renewable Portfolio Standard 9.5% 11.9% 13.7% 18.0% Mandated goal 21.1% 23.4% 26.6% 27.60% 0.0% 10% Goal 15% Goal

32 Hawaii Sustainability Laws How can Hawaii reach GHG neutrality by 2045? ENERGY TRANSFORMATION: Hawaii s Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standard (State Law: Hawaii Revised Statutes , enacted in 2009) Public Utilities Commission established EEPS goals Mandates energy reduction goals of: 1,375 gigawatts of energy efficiency savings by ,350 gigawatts of energy efficiency savings by ,325 gigawatts of energy efficiency savings by ,300 gigawatts of energy efficiency savings by 2030 (To achieve 30% Energy Efficiency Portfolio Standard by 2030)

33 Hawaii Sustainability Laws How can Hawaii reach GHG neutrality by 2045? ENERGY TRANSFORMATION: Energy Efficiencies and Environmental Standards for State Facilities and Motor Vehicles (State Law: Hawaii Revised Statutes 196-9, enacted in 2006) New State Buildings: LEED Silver New Public Residences: Energy efficient, prevent heat gain, natural ventilation, solar water heating systems Public Procurement: Include lifecycle costs benefit analysis to purchase ENERGY STAR equipment Purchase fuel-efficient govt vehicles

34 Hawaii Sustainability Laws How can Hawaii reach GHG neutrality by 2045? ENERGY TRANSFORMATION: Sustainable Schools Initiative (State Law: Hawaii Revised Statutes 302A-1510, enacted in 2016) All public schools in the State of Hawaii must be net-zero with energy use by 2035 University of Hawaii Net-Zero Goal (State Law: Hawaii Revised Statutes 304A-119, enacted in 2015) All campuses of the University of Hawaii including Hawaii s Community College system must be net-zero with energy use by 2035

35 Hawaii Sustainability Laws How can Hawaii reach GHG neutrality by 2045? ENERGY TRANSFORMATION: Establish a Carbon Offset Program (State Law: Act 16, Session Laws of Hawaii 2018) Office of Planning in partnership with Greenhouse Gas Sequestration TF shall investigate and establish a Carbon Offset Program that: Provides expertise in carbon offsetting to public agencies & private entities Assists in coordinating carbon offset projects of public agencies, including: generation, certification, and marketing of carbon credits Proceeds and revenues generated by state agencies from sales of offsets will be deposited into suitable funds for reinvestment to generate further carbon offset credits Proceeds from sales of carbon credits to be invested in enhancing the State s efforts to mitigate or adapt to climate change Are consistent with the state s sustainability goals Report and proposed legislation to develop a Carbon Offset Program due on December 2019

36 The GHGSTF is to submit a Status Update of its progress and recommendations, including proposed legislation 20 days prior the convening of the 2021 Regular Legislative Session. The GHGSTF is to submit a Preliminary Report of its findings and recommendations with any proposed legislation to the Legislature and the Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Commission 20 days prior the convening of the 2023 Regular Legislative Session. The Task Force is to submit an Annual Report of its findings and recommendations with any proposed legislation to the Legislature and the Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation Commission 20 days prior the convening of the 2024 Regular Legislative Session.

37 Office of Planning Department of Business, Economic Development & Tourism State of Hawaiʻi P.O. Box 2359 Honolulu, HI Ph: (808) Fax: (808)