Future of Civil Engineering

Transcription

1 AppendixⅠ 1 Future of Civil Engineering Basic Concept of JSCE on the Globalization The philosophy of JSCE on globalization is to create a sustainable world community through the utilization of best knowledge and achievements of civil engineering for the safe and comfortable living and welfare of people. For this purpose, the civil engineers must act with the affection for mankind without being restricted by the circumstances imposed for various reasons.

2 The Challenging Issues in Asia (1) Natural Disasters 2 Natural disasters such as earthquakes, floods and typhoons have been recently increasing and the number of casualties in Asia is the 90% of the total number all over the world. Dense population in low land areas vulnerable to natural disasters Insufficient infrastructures Poverty Poverty is worsening disasters and disasters is aggravating poverty.

3 River Erosion in Asia and Its Effects River erosion is affecting the occurrence of natural disasters and environment. Soft ground in alluvial plain vulnerable to earthquakes Environmental destruction, expansion of sea pollution 3 Speed of Erosion (m 3 /km 2 /year) Plain River Mountainous District River River Erosion Speed

4 ~~ ~~~~~~~~~Damaging Earthquakes and Tsunamis in the World in the Last Half Century (Events with more than 1000 casualties) NUMBER OF EVENTS Asia Europe America Others 4 0 ~

5 Regional Ratio of Earthquake,tsunami and Casualties (1986~2005 Events with More than 1000 Casualties) Europe ヨーロッパ Others 7.7% その他その他 Others Europe ヨーロッパ 4% 0.4% 13% America アメリカ 1.5% 5 America 17% Asia Asia 66% 90.4% The ratio of events Total number of events: 26 The regional ratio of The ratio of casualties The number of casualties : 548,206

6 Recent Damaging Earthquakes and Tsunami Sumatra Tsunami 2004 Niigata Earthquake 2004 Sumatra Tsunami 2005 Pakistan Earthquake

7 ~~ ~~~~~~~~~Damaging Storms and Floods 7 in the World during the Last Half Century (Events with casualties more than 1000 casualties) 14 NUMBER OF EVENTS Asia Europe America Others 0 ~

8 Europe ヨーロッパ 2% America アメリカ 13% Regional Ratio of Storm and Flood and Associated Casualties (1986~2005, Events with More than 1000 Casualties) Others その他 2% America アメリカ 5.3% Europe 0.2% Others その他 0.2% 8 Asia 83% The ratio of events Number of events: 45 Asia 94.4% The ratios of casualties Number of casualties: 246,600

9 The Challenging Issues in Asia (2) Environment 9 Environmental Destruction Environment adversely affected by deforestation, desertification and population increase. The waste is increasing due to population increase and changes of life style.

10 Deforestation in the World (1990~2000) 10 annual decrease rate 1.0% or more % % % Less than-0.4% No data Source: World Bank Forests decrease in size in many Asian countries, such as Indonesia, Myanmar, Pakistan, and Nepal.

11 Expansion of Desertification 11 Area of the land influenced by desertification Population influenced by desertification The regional ratio of the desertification About 3,600 Million ha About 900 million people North America 12.9% South Africa 18.6% About 14,400 Million ha About 5,400 Million people Europe 2.6% Australia 10.6% Asia 36.8% Africa 29.4% 1/4 of the land in the world 1/6 of world population Source :UNEP Desertification Control Bulletin

12 Temperature Change( ) Temperature Change in the World and Japan, and Rainfalls Temperature Deviation in the world 12 Temperature Change( ) Temperature Deviation in Japan Events with more than 100mm rainfall per hour in Japan Number Events

13 Flood Damage in Asia(2004) 13 Japan India(AP/WWP) Philippines(AFP) China(EPA)

14 Amount of Solid Waste in the Asian Region 14 The drastic increase of population in the Asian region is increasing the amount of solid waste. Source:ESCAP(1995)

15 Roles and Contributions of Civil Engineers of Japan for Natural Disaster Mitigation and Environmental Protection Transferring Technologies for Natural Disasters Mitigation of Japan to Asian Countries Earthquake resistant technology, Tsunami warning system Transferring Environmental Protection Technology to Asian Countries Waste disposal, Measures against ground and water pollution, abandoned mines Education for Natural Disaster Mitigation and Support for Reconstruction and Restoration from Natural Disasters Activities by student members and NPO: Engineers Without Borders-Japan 15

16 Support and Assistance for Restoration and Reconstruction in Sumatra by JSCE 16 1.Aceh Province Investigation and Recommendations for Coastal Roadway Construction Proposal of Tsunami Warning System Educational Activities for Natural Disaster Mitigation 2.Medan Educational Activities for Natural Disaster Mitigation International Seminar on Earthquake and Tsunami 3.Nias Island Recommendations for Bridge Reconstruction Training for Geotechnical Exploration

17 Plan for Regional Tsunami Warning System by JSCE (For North Sumatra Provincial Government) Satellite Satellite 17 Television Radio Mosque Seismic station Tsunami warning center Broadcast station Community,Residents

18 Education of Children in Banda Aceh for Natural Disaster Mitigation by JSCE s Student Members 18 Lecture by student members Question and Answer after The Lecture Welcome Ceremony by Students Lecture in Tent

19 Technical Support for Restoration and Reconstruction Works in Indonesia and Pakistan 19 Declination aprox. 0.5m 1.1m to South Declination aprox. 0.3m Tilted and Sunk Pier of Bridge due to Liquefaction(Indonesia) Displaced Bridge Girder due to Earthquake Motion(Pakistan) Seminar for Engineers(Indonesia) Discussion with Engineers for Restoration(Pakistan)

20 What JSCE s Members Are Going to Do for Natural Disaster Mitigation in Future? JSCE s Roles (1)Investigation and Analysis on Natural Disaster Public Sector *Ministries *JICA 20 Private Sector *Construction Companies *Consultants (2)Research and Development (3)Direct Contribution to People and Community 1Technical Supports for Restoration and Reconstruction to the Affected Area 2Continuous Education on Natural Disaster Mitigation 3Application and Spread of Technologies for Natural Disaster Mitigation NPO Engineers without Borders-Japan for Natural Disaster Mitigation Members from other Engineering Associations *AIJ *JGS *JSME *JSEE Retired Senior Engineers