RDF: Alternative Fuel tailor-made from Waste

Transcription

1 RDF: Alternative Fuel tailor-made from Waste RECUWATT Conference: Recycling and Energy Mataró, October 4 5, 2012 Hermann Krähling on behalf of Managing Director tecpol kraehling@tecpol.de

2 RDF: Alternative Fuel tailor-made from Waste What is RDF? Why to develop RDF-routes? What is the potential of RDF for the Energy Supply of Spain? How to exploit the resource potential of waste? RDF & End-of-Waste discussion Conclusions RECUWATT Conference Recycling and Energy Mataró, October 4 5, 2012 Slide 2

3 What is RDF (Refuse Derived Fuel)? Some believe, that RDF = mere (plastic) Waste RDF-use = camouflaged old-fashioned incineration RDF is tailor-made Alternative Fuel To meet market requirements of specialized power plants, cement kilns, Manufactured by dedicated RDF producers Controlled with regard to composition, heating value, contaminants Efficiently valorizing combustibles from waste (plastics, wood, paper, textiles, ) RECUWATT Conference Recycling and Energy Mataró, October 4 5, 2012 Slide 3

4 What is RDF? Packaging waste Residual household waste Sorting MBTs Residues MSWI/landfill Recyclables Mixed calorific fractions RDF-producer Recyclables Residues MSWI/landfill Sorting Sorting Agricultural waste Commercial waste RECUWATT Conference Recycling and Energy Mataró, October 4 5, 2012 Slide 4

5 What is RDF? Composition & properties Comments Plastics [%] Attractive: Heating value Paper [%] Wood [%] 5 25 Attractive: CO2-credits Other (bio-) waste [%] 5 40 Inerts [%] 2 15 Extra payments for > 10 % Heating value [MJ/kg] 12 > 30 Positive price for > 25 MJ/kg Restrictions Chlorine content [%] < 1 preferred Extra payment for > 1 % Sb, As, Ba, Be, Cd, Cr, Co, Cu, Pb, Hg, Ni, Se, Ag, Th, V, Zn, Moisture, size, incineration properties, User specific limits User specific requests RECUWATT Conference Recycling and Energy Mataró, October 4 5, 2012 Slide 5

6 RDF use vs. MSW incineration < 10 Heating value [MJ/kg] > 25 low Restrictions / Requests high MSWIs High gate fees Environmental gains depend on energy recipient infrastructure RDF power plants moderate gate fees Clear environmental gains due to continuous energy delivery Cement (lime) kilns, Positive RDF price possible Significant environmental gains (best energy use) - comparable or superior to mixed plastics recycling RECUWATT Conference Recycling and Energy Mataró, October 4 5, 2012 Slide 6

7 Why to develop RDF-routes? Resource efficiency & environmental protection Land filling (energy) resources is no longer an acceptable option Sustainable waste management needs RDF-routes & MSWIs to supplement recycling Using mixed (plastic-rich) combustibles as RDF is superior to recycling Specific CO2-emissions of energy from RDF are below respective emissions from natural gas RDF-use is technically well-proven, safe, and compliant with strict emissions control Economics & energy supply RDF-use offers an opportunity to disburden from volatile fuel markets 5 10 % of the industry energy demand can be supplied by RDF RDF power plants are particularly attractive for continuous heat but but also for combined heat & power supply RECUWATT Conference Recycling and Energy Mataró, October 4 5, 2012 Slide 7

8 Market optimizes Recovery Mix Recovery competes with landfill costs [ /t] Spain revenues Cheap Availability of landfills No/ expensive Mechanical recycling homogeneous/clean fractions economy driven limited by collection/treatment costs + market requests SRF-use mixed fractions together with other caloric feed limited by collection/treatment costs + markets requests Energy recovery in MSWI mixed fractions together with other caloric feed

9 RDF potential for energy supply in Spain Note: Based on tecpol internal, publically available & Cicloplast information Household waste (estimations based on data for waste plastics) Sales packaging Residual household waste 73 % total recovery 27 % disposal 90 % disposal MBTs no separation of calorifics 57 % recycling 43 % energy Potential additional source for RDF production RECUWATT Conference Recycling and Energy Mataró, October 4 5, 2012 Slide 9

10 RDF potential for energy supply in Spain Note: Based on tecpol internal & publically available information Commercial & industrial waste (estimations based on data for waste plastics) Commercial waste Agricultural waste 15 % energy 85 % disposal 60 % disposal < 10 % energy < 35 % recycling Potential additional source for RDF production RECUWATT Conference Recycling and Energy Mataró, October 4 5, 2012 Slide 10

11 RDF potential for energy supply in Spain Note: Based on tecpol internal & publically available information Estimation of total RDF potential 1.3 Mio. t/a plastics waste disposed off today Countries with well developed RDF-routes use 25 % to produce RDF Typically waste plastics contribute 20% to RDF 2.4 Mio. t/a RDF-production (reported 2010) Additional 1.6 Mio. t/a RDF total 4 Mio. t/a RDF Corresponding to 60 PJ/a primary energy 5 % of industrial energy demand in Spain Import dependency of energy sources 75 % RECUWATT Conference Recycling and Energy Mataró, October 4 5, 2012 Slide 11

12 Exploit the resource potential of waste in Spain: Divert calorific waste from landfills Landfill ban Management of plastics waste in Germany RECUWATT Conference Recycling and Energy Mataró, October 4 5, 2012 Slide 12

13 RDF & End-of-Waste discussion According to the European Waste Framework Directive Article 6 Certain specified waste shall cease to be waste [provided that] the substance or object is commonly used for specific purposes a market or demand exists for such a substance or object the substance or object fulfils the technical requirements for the specific purposes and meets the existing legislation and standards applicable to products the use of the substance or object will not lead to overall adverse environmental or human health impacts JRC/IPTS proposals for end-of-waste requirements with regard to waste plastics are restricted to MECHANICAL RECYCLING of waste plastics (implicitly) demand amongst others compliance with REACh, CLP,. RECUWATT Conference Recycling and Energy Mataró, October 4 5, 2012 Slide 13

14 Should RDF cease to be Waste? PROs RDF users would not be obliged to comply with waste specific regulations RDF shipment would be facilitated The image of RDF might be improved? CONs RDF producers would be obliged to comply with REACh, CLP, In consequence sources to produce RDF would be dramatically limited In consequence RDF economics would most likely be not competitive An end-of-waste discussion for RDF may well be perceived as a bogus attempt? RECUWATT Conference Recycling and Energy Mataró, October 4 5, 2012 Slide 14

15 Conclusions RDF routes are attractive and responsible options in a resource oriented waste management Mixed calorific waste fractions are valorized efficiently Significant environmental gains are proven RDF contributes to a sustainable energy supply infrastructure particularly for industry To exploit the RDF potential in Spain political frameworks oriented towards resource efficiency should be developed further Calorific waste should be diverted from landfills Experiences from other countries show that landfill bans / restrictions direct private money into improved waste collection, sorting and recovery infrastructure RECUWATT Conference Recycling and Energy Mataró, October 4 5, 2012 Slide 15