Which of these characteristics is/are common to bacteria but not to viruses? A. i, and iii B. ii, and iv C. i, and iv D.

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1 GRADE 11 LIFE SCIENCES PAPER 2 NOVEMBER 2015 MARKS: 150 TIME: 2:30 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION 1. Answer all questions. 2. Number the answers correctly according to the numbering system used in this question paper. 3. Present your answers according to the instructions of each question. 4. All drawings should be done in pencil and labelled in blue or black ink. 5. Draw diagrams or flow charts only if ask to do so. 6. The diagrams or flow charts are NOT drawn to scale. 7. Do NOT use graph paper. 8. You may use a non-programmable calculator, protractor and compass. 9. Write neatly and legibly. SECTION A QUESTION Various options are provided as possible answers to the following questions. Choose the correct answer and write only the letter (A- D) next to the question number The following are characteristics of micro organisms i. some of them are useful ii. they are parasites iii. some can produce their own food iv. most of them are pathogens Which of these characteristics is/are common to bacteria but not to viruses? A. i, and iii B. ii, and iv C. i, and iv D. iii and iv only To which Plant Kingdom do roses belong? A. Monera B. Protista C. Bryophytes D. Angiosperm Which of the following is a characteristic feature of ferns? A. Flowers B. Fruit C. Seeds D. Sorus 2

2 1.1.4 The diagram below represents a bacterial cell. Which of the following represents parts 1, 2 and 3? A. Plasmid, flagellum, capsule B. Flagellum, capsule, plasmid C. Plasmid, capsule flagellum D. Capsule, plasmid, flagellum A young man stepped on a dirty rusty nail. The diagrams below show some of the bacteria isolated from the wound and arrange of antibodies that were already present in his body. The antibodies have a specific shape that binds with the antigen found on the surface of the bacteria. The bacterium that will be destroyed by the antibodies are A. M, N, O only B. M, O and P C. M, N, O and P D. only M and N The following factors contribute to global warming A. Destruction of wetlands and deforestation B. Deforestation and burning of fossil fuels C. Burning of fossil fuels and destruction of wetlands D. Solar energy and wind energy The following are some characteristics of angiosperms: i. do not need water for sperm to move to egg cells ii. contain well developed vascular bundles iii. have true roots, stems and leafs iv. bear seeds Which of the above statements allow them to survive on land? A. i. ii and iv B i and iv only B. I, ii, iii and iv D. none of the above 3

3 1.1.8 Seeds that are stored in seed banks can be used to: A. use for human consumption B. re-establish endangered or extinct species C. to feed cattle D. decrease biodiversity When an infection was treated with a new drug, the inflammation decreased. In a few patients the inflammation returned after one week. The probable reason for this is A. the patient developed an allergic reaction to the drug B. the decrease in inflammation allowed the pathogens to become resistant to the drug C. the white blood cells were not functioning properly and therefore the inflammation returned D. a few pathogens resistant to the drug were present at the start of treatment, the drug could not kill them and so they reproduced Which one of the following represent a positive human impact on the environment? A. Pollution B. Conservation C. environmental degradation D. population explosion 1.2 Give the correct biological term for each of the following descriptions. Write only the term next to the question number (1.2.1 to ) A disease causing organism The centralisation of neural and sensory organs in the head or front part of the body A measure of the total greenhouse gasses emissions through the activities of a country, organisation or a person in one year The type of fertilisation occurring in flowering plants A micro-organisms use in the manufacturing of beer and bread 10 x 2 = (20) Poisonous, radioactive, explosive flammable and carcinogenic waste produced by factories and some mines Food from crops that have been change genetically The sensible and careful use of resources so that they will be available to future generations A collective name for animals without a backbone The gradual change of a productive land into an increasingly arid one, losing all its vegetation and wildlife 10 x1 = (10) 4

4 1.3 Indicate whether each of the statements in COLUMN I applies to A only, B only, Both A and B or NONE of the items in CLOUMN II. Write A only, B only, Both A and B or NONE next to the question number. Column I Column II The type of symbiotic relationship displayed by A. Commensalism plasmodium living in the liver of humans is B. Mutualism All organisms in this phylum is sessile A. Annelida B. Porifera A substance made of a weakened form of a disease A. Vaccine causing organism B. Antigen Reproduce through binary fission A. Bacteria B. Fungi Site constructed to store and manage water A. Landfill B. Reservoir The cause/s for global warming A. Afforestation B. Solar energy Factor /s influencing the quality of water A. Alien Plants B. Thermal pollution Cause /s the destruction of the ozone layer A. Aerosol sprays B. foam cups The ovule of the flowering plant develop into A. Seed B. Fruit A common characteristic between Bryophytes and A. Produce spores Pteridophytes is that both B. Bear naked seeds 10 x 2 = (20) SECTION A: [50] SECTION B QUESTION TB is a serious infectious disease that occurs frequently in South Africa. Study the graph below and answer the questions that follow Give a suitable heading for this graph? (2) What is the difference between the number of new cases in 1995 and the year 2000? (2) 5

5 2.1.3 According to the graph the number of TB cases in South Africa increased dramatically in Why do you think this happened? (2) Why can we NOT regard the information on the graph as a true reflection of the number of new cases of TB in South Africa? (1) Why are people with HIV / AIDS more likely to contract TB? (2) TB is treated with antibiotics. Why is it important for TB patients to complete their entire cause of medication even if they might be feeling better after a few weeks? (1) Suggest two strategies health workers can employ to ensure that TB patients complete the entire cause of medication. (2) (12) 2.2 Study the diagram which show pictures of three different animals below and answer the questions that follow To which animal kingdom does... i. B and ii. C belong? (2) Identify the type of symmetry illustrated in the animals... i. A ii. B and iii. C? (3) Match these animals to each of the following descriptions: i. tubular body, tentacles (1) ii. through gut and is motile (1) iii. three germ layers, organ level of organisation (1) iv. sessile, specialised cells that form tissue (1) Which animal is in the phylum that evolved more recently? (1) List two advances seen in the body structure to support your answer in question (2) Explain how animals with radial and bilateral symmetry differ from each other with respect to cephalisation. (3) (13) 6

6 2.3 Study the diagrams below showing the structures of two flowers as well as a pine cone. The magnification of each flower is indicated in brackets Label parts D, E and F. (3) Which flower A or B is probably pollinated by wind? (1) Give two observable reasons for your answer in question (2) Which flower (A or B) is larger? (1) Identify the plant groups to which flower A and the pine cone belong. (2) State one way in which the seeds of the groups named in question differ. (2) Explain how the dependency on water for reproduction is reduced in the group represented by the pine cone. (2) (13) QUESTION 2 {40} QUESTION You are required to read the case study, look at the table and the diagram to answer the questions that follow. Residents living along the Vaal River noticed changes in the river water that flowed along the front of their properties. The water had turned a reddish-brown colour and smelled like rotten egg. There were also dead fish floating on the water surface. The residents complain municipality, who sent out a water quality officer to investigate. The officer took water samples from point A and point B. She sent water the water samples to a laboratory for analysis. The table below shows the result of the analysis. Water quality variable Sample A Sample B ph (acidity and alkalinity) 7,5 5,2 Faecal coliforms (counts per 100ml) Nitrates (mg/l) 0,45 4,6 Phosphates (mg/l) 0,18 0,75 Sulphates (mg/l) Sodium (mg/l) Chlorides (mg/l)

7 3.1.1 Give two indicators of pollution that the residence complaint about. (2) Does the water quality data confirm that water pollution has occurred? (1) Explain your answer in question by referring to one example in the table above. (2) Which of the changes in the water quality between sample point A and sample point B could be caused by pollution by: i. the mine (1) ii. paper industry (1) iii. waste water treatment works? (1) What effects could the water pollution have on the farmers who grow maize and vegetables on the agricultural land? (2) What effects could the water pollution have on people living in the informal settlement who use the river water for drinking and washing? (2) Suggest two ways how the Wastewater Treatment Works can reduce their pollutants that they release into the river. (2) (14) 3.2 An investigation to measure the ozone concentration and chlorine levels has been done in Antarctica since 1950 to 1990 and the results are shown in the table below. TIME Ozone Level (in arbitrary Chlorine level (pppv) units) , , , , , Draw a line graph to illustrate the change in the amount of chlorine in the atmosphere from 1950 t0 1990? (7) What is the relationship between the levels of chlorine and the concentration of ozone? (2) Name the dependent variables in this investigation. (2) In which 10 year period was the ozone depletion the greatest? (1) Explain why the ozone layer is important to humans. (2) (14) 8

8 3.3 Despite a great increase in the demand for food, only 7% more land is now used for farming. One of The reasons for this is increase productivity, that is a higher yield per hectare, due to GMOs as well as the use of chemicals. In the last 30 years, people have become more aware of the use of chemicals in farming. Some people are concerned about the effects of these on their health and choose to buy organic grown produce. Farmers who use organic methods to produce food do not use chemicals on their crops Give one reason for an increase in the demand for food over the years. (1) State ONE way in which the use of each of the following helps increase productivity: i. Pesticides (1) ii. Fertilisers (1) Describe how the use of pesticides could destroy food chains. (2) Explain why GMOs can be considered to be a threat to food security. (2) Describe how fertilisers cause eutrophication when they are washed into rivers. (5) (12) QUESTION 3 (40) SECTION B {80} SECTION C QUESTION The greenhouse effect is a natural phenomenon. It keeps the Earth warm enough for living organisms to survive. Describe the greenhouse effect and also discuss the causes of increase temperature (global warming) on the environment. Briefly discuss certain strategies to reduce the carbon footprint NOTE: No marks will be awarded for answers in the form of tables, flow charts or diagrams. GRAND TOTAL: [150] Content: 17 Synthesis: 03 Total: 20