Photovoltaics, public authorities and citizens colloquium - Lyon From a DNO s point of view

Transcription

1 Photovoltaics, public authorities and citizens colloquium - Lyon From a DNO s point of view

2 1 ERDF is the first electricity distribution network operator in Europe ERDF is 100% EDF- owned subsidiary in charge of electricity distribution in France employees 35 million customers new clients / year 11 million customer service intervention 12 billion revenues 3 billion investment dedicated to networks / year 380 TWh delivered 25 TWh of distributed generation (medium and low voltage) 95 % of french territory 750 concessions contract on both urban and rural territories primary substations km of medium voltage network (41% underground) secondary substations km of low voltage network (39% underground) Main KPIs EBITDA : 2,76 billion Security : 3,09 acc/mh SAIDI : 71 mn Losses : 23 TWh ( < 6% of energy delivered) 2

3 1 The distribution network is a the heart of the electric system Production In competition Transport network RTE 400 kv to 63 kv Distribution network ERDF local 20 kv and 400 V V Chiffres 2011 distribution companies Marketing/sales In competition 3

4 2 The impacts of photovoltaic on distribution networks are not intuitive Developing photovoltaic generation requires More networks More M solidarity it between local l loops More data exchange between different levels of the network Optimising the use of installed photovoltaic systems requires An evolution of grid codes New planning models New scope of actions for DNOs More communicative networks 4

5 3 The management of electricity networks are driven by the electricity laws Electricity laws Kirchhoff s circuit laws Loop rule Junction rule Ohm s law The electric networks require 20 kv i 240 V 210 V U To make the balance anytime between generation and consumption To ensure the voltage stability for the consumer To adapt to the capabilities of existing infrastructures 5

6 4 The development of renewable energy increases the risk of instability in local network What has changed : over 50 % Over 50 % of renewable energy generation will be connected to the distribution network Significant development of decentralised production (photovotaic, wind energy..) Meanwhile development of telecommunication capacity The resulting impact on networks An irregular production which causes an asynchrony between production and consumption The difficulty to forecast the local production Exemple : difference of generation in winter and summer The consequences The integration of bidirectional flows Two conditions to guarantee P = max & C = min P = min & C = max 6

7 5 which can penalise all the consumers Two main risks 1. Not enough power generation (due to a lack of wind or sun) and a high consumption Decrease or inversion of the resulting power in the low voltage output or in the HV/LV substation illustration 2. High level l of power generation (windy and sunny conditions) and a low consumption Increase in the output voltage, due to a modification in power flow along the output rail. and their effects on consumers 1. Strong congestion or even local black-out 2. voltage drops or even damages on electrical devices G 7

8 6 The French context A highly rural territory France (ERDF) Germany Surface area 551,000 km 2 357,000 km 2 Number of clients (in millions) Network burial rate 41 % >70 % Distribution ib ti cost 4.2 cts/kwh From 5 to 13 cts/kwh A single national integrated network distributor (95% of french territory) completed by 175 local distribution companies An excellent quality-cost ratio A highly optimised network limited capacity to take new sites without network adaptation Market rules Obligation to purchase 100 % of energy produced d New production site supports the full cost of Connection Necessary work prior to connection Queuing management The producer does not pay for use of the network Consequences Reinforcement work is often required 8

9 7 How the French network is managed? For the last 30 years, a progressive networks automation has led a huge performance improvement (average time of power cute : from 400 mn in the 80 s to 71 mn today) The next step : smart metering system will allow to optimise the control of the distribution network Distribution cost invoicing An invoicing based on equalization Even for non-connected photovoltaic equipment Remote control via the smart meter A faster intervention time on networks Adjusting the local balance between the production and generation Energy efficiency and new services for customer A successful experimentation with smart meter rolled out 9

10 8.1 Example: the village power plant project Context Parc du Vercors 8 territories 3 french départements : Isère, Drôme and Ardèche The project aim : install coordinated PV facilities Highly rural networks Facilities ranging from 3 kva to 91 kva The Project is currently under development (SMAP) and a partnership has been setting up with RAEE ERDF Public authorities Licensors (USERA) 10

11 The photovoltaic village power plants Aim: Value: To develop a reproducible photovoltaic power plant model in the region of 100 kwc (i.e. approx. 1,000 m2), essentially roof panels, via the active and financial i involvement of a number of local partners (inhabitants, public authorities, businesses, etc ) To control the deployment of photovoltaic energy solutions, to associate it with territorial aims, to locally benefit from solar energy and its financial spin-offs. Certifié ISO 14001

12 Areas of work 1. A global l territorial i outlook in order to collectively assume the stakes involved and the potential offered by PV 2. In-depth analysis of landscape and heritage to ensure optimal project evolution 3. Technical and economic analysis taking into account external impact 4. A legal and financial set-up that enables local control Certifié ISO 14001

13 8.4 Connection costs (SMAP Project) 13

14 Upstream 9 What role should DNOs play (on a permanent basis)? Alert on technical and financial consequences of decisions Advise and Optimise projects (in partnership with stakeholders) Downstream Develop smart operation of networks in order to optimise the production-networkconsumption chain, which requires the capacity to : Act on power generation level and / or consumption load Develop new forecasting models based on risk assessment Improve existing planning tools Reinforce protective and operational systems With one prerequisite To make the networks communicating at all levers 14

15 10 Smart grid = massive introduction of telecommunications 15

16 11 Tomorrow s network: ERDF is working on 15 proof of concept ; some of them in Rhône Alpes region Houat et Hoëdic Manage peak load of locall consumption Smart Grid Vendée Optmise the consumption and the production of a regional area Pilotes Linky Smart metering system experimentation Issy Grid Optimise the consumption and the production of a district Chip2Grid PLC communication system for network automation Smart Primary Substation Improve the interface between DNO and TSO Venteea Integrate important production capacities of renewable energy on a rural network Greenlys Upstream / downstream integration with smart meter urban network Energy consumption management, Internet solution to provide data to customer Smart Cities TransForm Urban energy pooling European project Smart Electric Lyon Customer oriented smart solutions Set up a smart solar district and storage facilities to manage peak load Smart Community - Lyon Confluence NiceGrid GRID4EU Renewable production, network automation, demand management Electrical vehicule management, photovoltaic management, smart building 16

17 12 Conclusion From DNO s point of view The most important aspect is the impact an irregular and unpredictable local production The local balance between production and consumption can been achieved through solidarity from networks upstream Installation of diffused PV systems on existing networks Leads to bidirectional flows management Often requires network reinforcement Generates costs that are highly dependent on the installation site Requires interconnection reinforcement Smart Grids is more than an option, it is a necessity Develop information transmission between all levels of the network Should enable the DNO to remotely control production and consumption Ensure significant reduction of the investments needed to host renewable energy generation and Electrical Vehicule recharge facilities 17

18 Thank you for your attention