Recommended Standards and Guidance for Performance, Application, Design, and Operation & Maintenance

Transcription

1 Recommended Standards and Guidance for Performance, Application, Design, and Operation & Maintenance Proprietary Distribution Technologies For Trenches, Seepage Beds, At-grades and Mounds January 22, 2008 Technical Advisory Panel Meeting Dick Bachelder, ADS/Hancor Ben Berteau, Ring Industrial Group Peder Larson, Larkin Hoffman Daly & Lindgren Ltd. Carl Thompson, P.E., Infiltrator Systems, Inc.

2 Agenda Brief Recap of December Meeting Review of Summarized Data on Warranty Systems Applications of products in trenches (pressure and gravity), beds (pressure and gravity), at-grades (pressure) and mounds (pressure) TAP Recommendations

3 Technical Discussion Non-Gravel Gravel Drain Rock Establishing an Equivalency Factor Equivalency Factor = LTAR Non-Gravel System LTAR of Gravel System

4 Technical Discussion Research Study Description of Study Equivalency Factor (Septic Tank Effluent) Sweeny, Robert Field Inspection and Evaluation of the Hydraulic Performance of EZflow 1201P Gravel Substitute Drainfield Systems in Clackamas, Marion, Multnomah and Deschutes Counties, Oregon. Presented at 2008 OR DEQ Technical Advisory Committee meeting Christopherson et al Field Comparison of Rock-Filled and Chambered Trench Systems in Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, Vol. 13, No. 8, Lowe et al Controlled Field Experiment for Performance Evaluation of Septic Tank Effluent Treatment during Soil Evaluation,, Journal of Environmental Engineering, Walsh, R Infiltrative Capacity of Receiving Media as Affected by Effluent Quality, Infiltrative Surface Architecture, and Hydraulic Loading Rate, Master Thesis at Colorado School of Mines Uebler et al Performance of Chamber and EZ1203H Systems Compared to Conventional Gravel Septic Tank Systems in North Carolina,, Proceedings of NOWRA Radcliffe et al Gravel and Sidewall Flow Effects in On-Site System Trenches,, Soil Science Society of America Journal 436 field evaluations of 103 EZflow systems over a five year period for determining product failure rate Field evaluation of over 100 gravel and chamber systems 5 to 10 years old Two-year field study of 30 pilotscale test cells. 2.0 No failures detected for either system type One dimensional column study 3.2 Field evaluation of failure rates of approximately 300 of each type system (gravel, chamber, EPS) 2-12 years old Two dimensional computer model (HYDRUS-2D)

5 Technical Discussion Research Study Description of Study Equivalency Factor (Septic Tank Effluent) Siegrist et al Wastewater Infiltration into Soil and the Effects of Infiltrative Surface Architecture,, Small Flows Quarterly White and West In-Ground Dispersal of Wastewater Effluent: The Science of Getting Water into the Ground. Small Flows Quarterly, 2003 King et al Surface Failure Rates of Chamber and Traditional Aggregate-Laden Trenches in Oregon, Small Flows Quarterly Burcham, T A Review of Literature and Computations for Chamber-Style Onsite Wastewater Distribution Systems,, Report commissioned by the Mississippi Department of Health Joy, Douglas Review of Chamber Systems and Their Sizing for Wastewater Treatment Systems, Ontario Rural Wastewater Centre Report, University of Guelph Van Cuyk et al, Hydraulic and Purification Behaviors and their Interactions During Wastewater Treatment in Soil Infiltration Systems, Journal of Water Resources Casper, Jay Final Report: Infiltrator Side-by-Side Test Site, Killarney Elementary School, Winter Park, Florida. Report to State of Florida, Department of HRS. Two one dimensional column studies and pilot-scale field study Literature Review and One dimensional column study measuring the impact of gravel and fines (clean water) Field evaluation of failure rates of 198 chamber systems and 191 gravel systems 2-5 years old Literature review and computer model Literature Review 1.67 Three-dimensional lysimeter study of treatment performance Pilot-scale side-by-side study of 15 trenches (gravel and chamber)

6 Technical Discussion Research Study Description of Study Equivalency Factor (Septic Tank Effluent) Keys, JR Septic Tank Effluent Infiltration and Loading Rates for Gravel and Chamber Absorption Systems. MS Thesis. University of Wisconsin-Madison Amerson, RS, Tyler, EJ, Converse, JC Infiltration as Affected by Compaction, Fines and Contact Area of Gravel, in On-Site Wastewater Treatment: Proceedings of 6 th National Symposium On Individual and Small Community Sewage Systems, American Society of Agricultural Engineers, St. Joseph, MI, December 1991 Other References Triplicate comparison of 8 year old gravel and chamber systems i. No difference in performance of silt loam systems even though chambers loaded 1.65 x higher. No comparison made in sand. Evaluation of 30 soil cells to assess impact of gravel compaction, contact area and fines. Ratios are the clean water infiltration rate ratios of an open soil surface (control) compared to one with gravel compaction, embedment, and fines Uniform Plumbing Code. International Standard 1.43 Siegrist, Robert Evolving a Rational Design Approach for Sizing Soil Treatment Units, Small Flows Quarterly. Summer U.S. EPA Decentralized Systems Technology Fact Sheet Septic Tank Leaching Chambers. Proposed design methodology that takes into account BOD loading, soil type and infiltrative surface architecture. Literature Review and Recommended Usage

7 How Our Products Are Used Product Rating (sf/lf) = Trench Width x Equivalency Factor Examples: Equivalency Factor = LTAR Non-Gravel System LTAR of Gravel System Research indicates multiplier in the range 3 wide trench x 2.00 equivalency factor = 6 sf/lf (50% Gross area reduction) 3 wide trench x 1.67 equivalency factor = 5 sf/lf (40% Gross area reduction) 3 wide trench x 1.33 equivalency factor = 4 sf/lf (25% gross area reduction)

8 23 Warranty Experience Infiltrator Systems Approximately 17,000 systems installed over the last 13 years ( ) 23 Malfunctioning systems reported and investigated (0.1%) Includes all systems 1:1 and warranty Failure Observed Frequency Installer error (installation did not match design) includes chambers crushed during installation 8 Gopher damage to chambers or supply Lines 5 Homeowner Abuse/Excessive Flows 4 Soil Intrusion 3 High Groundwater table 1 System design doesn't match soil type 1 Unknown 1

9 Warranty Experience Advanced Drainage Systems (ADS) Chambers Approximately 4,500 systems installed 4 Malfunctioning systems reported (0.1%) Ring Industrial Group EZFlow Approximately 800 systems installed No malfunctioning systems reported Combined: 1 Malfunctioning system for every 825 systems installed

10 Draft Document Covers Chambers and Expanded Polystyrene Aggregate Bundles For Trenches, Seepage Beds, At-grades and Mounds

11 Conclusion: Draft Document Design and Installation Considerations using Proprietary Distribution Technologies (trenches or beds) The infiltrative surface area of proprietary distribution technologies shall be determined by dividing the design flow (Gallons Per Day) by the appropriate soil loading rate (Gallons per Day per Square Foot) and multiplying that area by an efficiency factor of multiplier represents a 1.33 equivalency factor

12 Conclusion: Draft Document Example: 3 Bedroom Home with Design Flow of 450 gpd and Soil Loading Rate of 0.45 gpd/sf Total gross infiltration area = 450/0.45 = 1000 sf Total infiltration area required for proprietary distribution device: 1000 sf x 0.75 = 750 sf Using proprietary device (chamber or EPS) installed in a 3 wide trench: Total Trench Length = 750 sf/3 sf/lf = 250 Perhaps 5 trenches 50 long Another calculation that yields the same result is to divide the total required gross infiltration area by a product rating (4 sf/lf in this case): 1000 sf/4 sf/lf rating = 250 of trench

13 Conclusion: Draft Document Mound design standards for proprietary distribution technologies The original soil mound absorption area shall not be reduced. The original soil mound absorption area is determined by multiplying the original soil mound absorption length by the original soil mound absorption width. The original soil mound absorption width is calculated by multiplying the predetermined mound distribution media bed width by the mound absorption ratio found in Table IX or IXa in part , subpart 2, item E. Mound distribution media bed area for proprietary systems may vary by 10% in width and length from the required area for bed using gravel media. All other mound system requirements found in shall be adhered to.

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16 Conclusion: Draft Document At-grade design standards for proprietary distribution technologies The at-grade absorption system utilizing proprietary distribution technologies must be calculated by dividing the design flow by the appropriate soil loading rate found in Table IX or IXa in part , subpart 2, item E, and multiplying that area by the efficiency factor of All other at-grade system requirements found in shall be adhered to multiplier represents a 1.33 equivalency factor

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19 Going Forward Develop guidance document to cover these proprietary distribution devices once adopted we see no need for the for the warranty system sizing 1.67 multiplier (40% reduction) With a general guidance document in place, individual submittals are relatively simple Dimensions of products Installation instructions

20 Summary Demonstrated Equivalency Factor Range: Manufacturer s Recommendation for MN 1.33 (25% gross area reduction) Dick Bachelder, ADS/Hancor Ben Berteau, Ring Industrial Group Peder Larson, Larkin Hoffman Daly & Lindgren Ltd. Carl Thompson, P.E., Infiltrator Systems, Inc.

21 Table 1. For sizing based on a trench width of (inches) Infiltrative Area The measured width of the product must be at least (inches) sf/lf sf/lf sf/lf sf/lf sf/lf 10.8 Rigid products must be installed in a trench a few inches wider than the products width Chart above requires to product to be 90% of the trench width and is used in several states including Idaho, Virginia, Washington

22 Trench Width Measurement Keys, 1996

23 Trench Width Measurement

24 Multi-Flo and Nayadic Wastewater Treatment Systems Minnesota TAC Presentation January 22, 2009

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27 Multi-Flo Nayadic Enviro-Guard (Multi-Flo with Integrated Primary Treatment and Flow Equalization)

28 Multi-Flo

29 Multi-Flo Developed in the 1970 s Among First Products Tested at NSF C-9 Standard 40 Continuous Production Over 35 Years 50,000+ Units in Operation Conforms to Standard Wastewater Processes Combined Process Operation Capacities Range from 500 GPD to 1,500 GPD

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32 Tank Installation

33 Textile Media Installation

34 AERATOR 15 lbs 1.9 A 3.6 lb/day O 2

35 Activated Sludge Conforms to Engineering Principles Textile Media Conforms to Sand Filter Media and Loading Performance Consistent with Sand Filter Designs Completely-Mixed Extended Aeration Activated Sludge Treatment

36 Denitrification Occurs in as Little as 40 Microns of Penetration Multi-Flo Media is 3,000 microns

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39 CBOD = 5 mg/l TSS = 5 mg/l TN = 14 mg/l Coliform = 540 cfu/100 ml

40 Operation and Maintenance Clean Weir Plate Conduct Settleability Test Confirm Proper Operation of Components Perform Sight and Smell Observations Pump Solids as Required (3-to-5 Years)

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43 Independent Studies Document and Confirm Performance from 1970 s to Present NSF Certification Tests, University of Wisconsin SSWMP Studies, 1990 s University of Dayton Studies, NovaTec Studies, Other Monitoring, 1980 s-present

44 Enviro-Guard Special Case of Multi-Flo Integrated Primary Treatment Flow Equalization Separate Certification for ANSI/NSF Standard 40 Specific Uses Tight Locations Unique Regulatory Requirements

45 Enviro-Guard

46 Enviro-Guard 525-Gal Primary Treatment Tank 600-Gal Dose Tank with Pump Controlled Dosing 30-Minute Intervals 48 Doses/Day Gal Doses 5-GPM Dose Flow

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48 Nayadic Systems

49 Nayadic Systems Developed in 1960 s by Nayadic Sciences Purchased by CTS in 1992 Origins in the Imhoff Cone from late 1800 s Design Conforms to Classic Wastewater Theory Aeration Clarification In Continuous Production Over 40 Years 100,000+ Installations Worldwide Certified Under ANSI/NSF Standard 40

50 The Naiades (Naiads or Nayads) were nymphs of bodies of fresh water and were one of the three main classes of water nymphs. The Naiades presided over rivers, streams, brooks, springs, fountains, lakes, ponds, wells, and marshes. They were divided into various subclasses for fountains, springs, marshes, rivers and lakes. Roman sources even assigned custody of the rivers of Hades to Naiades classified as Nymphae Infernae Paludis or the Avernales. ( Hylas and the Nymphs by John William Waterhouse)

51 Nayadic Systems Aeration/Mixing 360 o Weir Clarification Venturi Action Aeration Solids Concentration And Recycling

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56 Nayadic Performance As Low as 6 mg/l CBOD 5 and TSS Typical: 10 mg/l CBOD 5 and 15 mg/l TSS

57 Operation and Maintenance Clean Behind Scum Baffle Clean/Replace Air Filter Conduct Settleability Test Confirm Proper Operation of Components Perform Sight and Smell Observations Pump Solids as Required (2-to-4 Years)

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59 Disinfection

60 Incorporate Salcor 3-G

61 Salcor 3-G Typical Performance is <2 cfu/100 ml Much Performance Data but None Conforming to MPCA Rules Data Forthcoming

62 Flow Distribution

63 Flow Distribution Generally the Purview of the Designer, Dealer, or Installer Based on Local Requirements and Conditions General Guidelines: Divide Flow Equally Among Units Adjustable Device CTS Has Not Mandated Specific Flow Splitting Devices or Designs as Flow Splitting Has Not Been an Issue CTS will Cooperate with MPCA as Necessary to Provide Guidance to Dealers/Distributors/Installers

64 Manifold Systems: Upturned Pipe with Screwed Coupling Tip

65 Multi-Flo and Nayadic Continuous, Successful Operation for Over 35 Years Continuous Certification Through NSF Satisfied Dealers and Homeowners Questions??

66 Presentation to the: Minnesota Pollution Control Agency Subsurface Sewage Treatment Systems (SSTS) Technical Advisory Panel (TAP) for Product Registration January 22, 2009 Hoot Systems, working today to protect tomorrow s environment.

67 H-Series Hoot (Category B) Hoot Systems, working today to protect tomorrow s environment.

68 H-Series Hoot + Salcor UV (Category A) Hoot Systems, working today to protect tomorrow s environment.

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70 Ammonia Data Hoot Systems, working today to protect tomorrow s environment.

71 H-Series Results CBOD 2.3 TSS 1.8 Fecal Coliform < 10,000 w/o disinfection Fecal Coliform < 1,000 with disinfection Hoot Systems, working today to protect tomorrow s environment.

72 CBOD 5 & TSS Hoot Systems, working today to protect tomorrow s environment.

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74 Fecal Results Hoot Systems, working today to protect tomorrow s environment.

75 Fecal Data <10,000 Hoot Systems, working today to protect tomorrow s environment.

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77 H-Series Hoot (Category B) Hoot Systems, working today to protect tomorrow s environment.

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82 Fecal <1,000 Hoot Systems, working today to protect tomorrow s environment.

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84 H-Series Hoot + Salcor UV (Category A) Hoot Systems, working today to protect tomorrow s environment.

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89 Any Questions? Hoot Systems, working today to protect tomorrow s environment.

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91 H-Series Hoot (Baseline) Hoot Systems, working today to protect tomorrow s environment.

92 Hoot BNR (Test Under Way) Hoot Systems, working today to protect tomorrow s environment.

93 Hoot ANR (Carbon Loaded) Standard 40 & 245 Certified Hoot Systems, working today to protect tomorrow s environment.