Biomass to Fuels/Char Pathways

Transcription

1 Biomass to Fuels/Char Pathways Status, Capacity and Challenges Dr. Alan Del Paggio Vice President, CRI Catalyst Company National Academies of Science, Engineering and Medicine BECCS Webinar 16 October 2017 *IH 2 is a registered trademark of Gas Technology Institute 1

2 Disclaimer CRI, Criterion and Shell Global Solutions are the trade names of a network of independent technology companies in the Shell Group. Where a company is identified by its trade name or Shell, the reference is used for convenience, or may be used where no useful purpose is served in referring to the company by name. The services and products of these companies may not be available in certain countries or political subdivisions thereof. The information contained in this presentation is provided for general information purposes only and must not be relied on as specific advice in connection with any decisions you may make. No representations or warranties, express or implied, are made by the company or companies presenting these materials or its affiliates concerning the applicability, suitability, accuracy or completeness of the information contained herein and these companies do not accept any responsibility whatsoever for the use of this information. The companies presenting these materials and their affiliates are not liable for any action you may take as a result of you relying on such material or for any loss or damage suffered by you as a result of you taking this action. Furthermore, these materials do not in any way constitute an offer to provide specific services. Copyright 2015 Shell Oil Company. All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical including by photocopy, recording or information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from Shell Oil Company or CRI Catalyst Company. October

3 Executive Summary Biomass is being generated in ever increasing amounts as agricultural productivity and consumer wastes both increase, the former primarily with population, the latter primarily with standard of living Per capita energy demands are also increasing Waste biomass (neglecting energy crops) is generally available in sufficient quantity to meet a significant portion of the transport fuel requirement (e.g. 13% derived from landfilled MSW for Singapore) or import energy demand (>30% of imported crude for India) There exist a number of technology pathways to convert biomass into a variety of fuels each suitable for specific applications. Each of these technologies carries its own unique economic and carbon signature (i.e. GHG reduction) To move toward increased carbon negativity, those processes which are both energy efficient and exothermic will benefit most highly from exhaust carbon collection, i.e. carbon dioxide capture and/or sequestration of biochar. Use of decarbonized utility energy is strongly advocated. October

4 Conversation Topics CRI perspectives on biomass utilization Status of implemented biofuels processes capacities biomass types conversion pathway challenges and costs Negative pathway potentials of biomass to fuels/char October

5 CRI Perspectives on Biomass Utilization 2014 US Greenhouse Gas Inventory distributions nearly identical to 2015 (1% lower electricity, 1% higher transport) N 2 O (298 CO 2 e) and methane (25 CO 2 e) generation regulated/controlled Many countries have an equivalent to the Billion Ton Study 1 challenges exist to economic access must avoid ILUC impacts Promote increased use of decarbonized alternatives to bio-energy for electricity solar hydro wind nuclear geothermal Leave biomass for use in production of carbon based fuels us-greenhouse-gas-inventory-report October

6 Trends in Biomass Utilization What s Actually Happening Electricity Decarbonized pathways increasing with huge gains in solar & wind Woody biomass usage decreasing Waste biomass usage increasing Liquid biofuels (1G) EtOH and biodiesel increasing Still waiting for significant production of 2G hydrocarbon gasoline & diesel 1249% 30% 32% 815% 219% -7% -13% October

7 Biofuels Technology, A Look Forward.Stafford, Lotter, Brent, van Maltitz; April Status of Implemented Biofuels Processes October

8 Status of Implemented Biofuels Processes HTL LCHC 1.5 AD Hydrogen 1.0 AD Methane 2.5 Algae Fermentation Butanol 2.0 Fermentation Ethanol 2.5 Extraction HVO 2.5 Extraction Biodiesel 2.7 AD Methane 4.0 Sugar/ Fermentation Butanol 3.0 Starch Fermentation Ethanol 4.0 APR LCHC 1.0 APR Virent LCHC 1.0 HTL LCHC 1.5 AD Hydrogen 1.0 MSW AD Methane 4.0 Gasification Enerkem Ethanol 3.0 Gasification LanzaTech Ethanol 3.0 Hydropyrolysis CRI/GTI LCHC 2.5 Biofuels Technology, A Look Forward.Stafford, Lotter, Brent, van Maltitz; April = TRL = TRL = TRL = Commercially Established AD Methane 4.0 Oil Crops Extraction HVO 4.0 Waste Extraction Biodiesel 4.0 HTL Biocrude 2.0 Densification Pellets 4.0 Torrified BM 3.0 Torrefaction AD Hydrogen 2.0 AD Methane 3.5 Fermentation Butanol 3.5 Ligno- Fermentation Ethanol 4.0 Cellulose Pyrolysis Charcoal 3.0 Pyrolysis LCHC 2.0 Hydropyrolysis CRI/GTI LCHC 3.0 Gasification Syngas 2.0 Gasification Hydrogen 2.5 Gasification Methane 2.7 Gasification Methanol 2.8 Gasification DME 2.8 Gasification LCHC 2.8 October

9 Biofuel Challenges One Size Never Fits All Spark Compression Steam turbine Gas turbine Ignition Ignition Stirling Fuel cell Charcoal Torrefied BM Wood pellets Biocrude Methanol DME LCHCs Biodiesel Vegetable oil HVO Biobutanol Ethanol Syngas Hydrogen Methane Biofuels Technology, A Look Forward.Stafford, Lotter, Brent, van Maltitz; April October

10 Challenges Fuels Produced Market Size Plant Scale / Complexity Feedstock Specificity Production Cost Combustion Characteristics Energy Recovery (incl exo vs endo) Carbon Utilization GHG reduction Carbon Neutrality Carbon Negativity October

11 Toward Profitable C Negative Biofuel Pathways Attributes profitable fuel economics simple line up, low capex, normal alloys, low fixed cost feed flexibility to minimize varex reasonably carbon efficient process exothermic process preferred (e.g. hydropyrolysis) CO 2 captured & recycled biochar (~10-20wt%) buried energy offset if char was combusted use of decarbonized energy (solar, wind, etc) for utilities C feed in C exhaust out C utilities in C Fuels out C Char out January

12 Thank You