LAKE BASIN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY

Transcription

1 LAKE BASIN DEVELOPMENT AUTHORITY PROJECT PROPOSAL FOR FEASIBILITY STUDY THE NANDI FOREST MULTIPURPOSE DAM PROJECT MAY 2008 P.O. BOX KISUMU TEL FAX

2 LEGEND International boundary UGANDA Busia Amagoro Mumias Teremi Bungoma D38 Kapsakwony Lugari Lugari Webuye Falls Kitale D33 Rongai D28 Moi's Bridge Shelby Falls (0.3MW Existing) Eldoret LBDA area boundary River Provincial headquarter District headquarter Falls Dam Swamp Mumias Km Mageta Island Anyika Siaya Bondo Yala Falls Gongo Mushangumba Ndere Island KAKAMEGA Vihiga Nandi Forest KISUMU Twin Bridge Awasi Kapsabet Awasi D5 Koru D22 Londiani Scale Grid North LAKE VICTORIA Poiywak D13 Rusinga Island Mfangano Island Sindo Fotobiro Kosele Homa Bay Kisii Sondu Falls Kericho Miriu Magwagwa Yurith Nyamira Liten Orokiet Gogo Falls Ogembo Bomet TANZANIA Namba Kodero Migori Kehancha KENYA Hydroelectric Power Potential in the Region

3 Title Nandi Hydropower and Irrigation Project Nandi Hydropower Integrated Development Programme Overall Goal Poverty alleviation and Sustainable development. Specific Energy for industrial development Objectives Increased agricultural production Income generation Environmental conservation Water Supply Sectors Involved Expected Outputs 50 MW of electricity 10,000 ha of Irrigated rice developed Supply of water to Kisumu Town and environs Stimulate industrial development in the region Encourage the development of agro-businesses and agricultural processing plants. Alleviate poverty in the region and raise the standards of living Stimulate industrial development in the region Reduced erosion and Silt load Reduced Flood problems in the lower reaches of river Yala. Increased production of Rice and Horticultural Energy Agriculture Environment Water

4 Implementation period/schedule Geographical Coverage crops. Budget Ksh 22,823,218, Source of GOK Financing Donor (Multilaterals) Sustainability Key Assumptions Conclusions 2years for project preparation 5 Years for project implementation One year for project Handing over. Yala River basin in Tinderet Division of Nandi District; The irrigation component will be in Kano, while water supply will traverse the project area. Hydropower, water supply and agricultural produce. Funds availability Participation from the stakeholders Good will from GOK and donors Creating employment opportunities in the rural areas; Stimulating industrial development in the region. Providing adequate and reliable water for domestic, agricultural & industrial use. Encouraging the development of small enterprises and agricultural processing plants

5 1 TABLE OF CONTENTS PROJECT SUMMARY... 2 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY INTRODUCTION PROBLEM STATEMENT BACKGROUND INFORMATION AGRICULTURAL SECTOR Energy Sector PREVIOUS STUDIES PROJECT DESCRIPTION Project Area Climate Topography Hydrology OBJECTIVES Energy Irrigation SCOPE OF WORK Preparation of the project (Exploratory and Planning) COST ESTIMATES AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE LIST OF TABLES Table 1: Nandi Forest Kano Plain Transfer Scheme Summary... 7 Table 2: 1985 Kano Plain Transfer Project Cost estimate... 7 Table 3: River Yala Monthly flow in m³/sec at 1FE Table 4: Projected Cost Estimate of the Project Table 5: Projected Implementation Schedule... 11

6 2 PROJECT SUMMARY PROJECT TITLE: Nandi Forest Hydropower Multipurpose Dam Project. LOCATION: At the Confluence of the Kimondi & Sirua rivers on River Yala between Kaimosi and Kapsabet in Nandi District, FUNDING AGENCY: Donor/GoK/Community Contribution IMPLEMENTING AGENCY: Lake Basin Development Authority EXECUTING AGENCY: Ministry of Regional Development Authorities COLLABORATING AGENCIES: The Treasury, Ministry of Agriculture, Ministry of Water Resources, Ministry of Energy, KENGEN, Office of the President, Ministry of Environment. PROJECT DESCRIPTION: The Nandi Forest Multipurpose Dam Project Preparation (Feasibility/Designs) and Implementation which will cover the storage Dam, the water Supply System, the Hydro- Electric Power Station, Irrigation of 16,000 Ha and Catchment Conservation. It will create employment, Alleviate poverty through enhanced agriculture production and horticultural crops development for export. Help create Environmental Awareness, Reduce Erosion and Silt load on River Yala Basin. ESTIMATED PROJECT COST: Kshs: 22,823,218,000 (US $ 326,045,971.4)

7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY The Nandi Forest Multipurpose Dam Project is a promising milestone undertaking which if implemented could lead to sustained rural development and alleviation of poverty in the project area. The project is strategic in light of the National development goal of transforming Kenya into an industrialised economy by the year 2020, and a key project in the region towards achievement of the Vision The project will have five major components: the storage dam and environmental conservation, the domestic and industrial water treatment & supply system, the power generation station to produce 60 MW and the irrigation of nearly ha of agricultural land on the Kano plains. The implementation of the project will however be preceded by a detailed feasibility study. The project implementation will be undertaken in phases to avoid overlaps and implementation bottlenecks. In this regard the first phase will comprise the detailed feasibility study and design. The study will in turn be conducted in phases (stages), namely, the Exploratory & Planning Stage followed by the Feasibility Study Stage and finally the Project Preparation, Design and Tender Documentation Stage and implementation. The Key objectives of the project include: An integrated development Increasing the supply of energy in the region. Creating employment opportunities in the rural areas. Stimulating industrial development in the region. Providing adequate and reliable water for domestic, agricultural & industrial use. Encouraging the development of small enterprises and agricultural processing plants. Catchment conservation Other Related Benefits Water supply to the surrounding institutions; for dairy and horticultural production in the upper areas The damming will lead to reduced flooding incidences in the areas around Yala Swamp, which usually occur during the peak periods of the rainy season and has major influence on the Nzoia flooding problem. In order to avoid implementation pitfalls both the study and the project will be implemented in phases so that lessons learned help to improve efficiency in the subsequent operations thereby preventing resources wastage and environmental catastrophes. Finally the key stakeholders and beneficiaries will be involved from the onset to obtain active participation and support of the locals. 3

8 4 1.0 INTRODUCTION The Lake Basin Development Authority (LBDA) was established in 1979 by an Act of Parliament Cap 442 of The prime objective of the LBDA is to plan, coordinate and implement development projects and programmes on the Kenyan side of the Lake Victoria Basin. This includes promotion of regional economic activities and mobilization of domestic resources for equitable development towards achievement of the countries development goals and objectives. The Lake Basin region is situated between latitudes 1 16'N and 1 54 s and longitudes 33 55'E and 35 51'E. It covers an area of approximately 39,240sq km, which is about 6.9% of the total land area of Kenya. Its climate is mild with small variations in monthly average temperature between 19 C and 25 C throughout the year. Daily temperatures fluctuate more widely, ranging from 15 C to 30 C. Rainfall in this region has an annual average of about 1300mm varying from 2000mm in the highlands to 1000mm in the north, southwest and lowlands along the lakeshore. Rainfalls exhibit a bimodal pattern with long and short rainy seasons in the period of March to June and September to November respectively. About 11.2 million people occupy the Lake Basin region, which is about 40% of the country s total population (1999 population census). The region consists of Nyanza and Western Provinces and some parts of the Rift Valley Province. Certain areas in the region are among the most densely populated in the country. This has led to an economic pressure being exerted on the high and medium potential lands in the region. Six major rivers and many small ones, most of which are seasonal drain the basin into Lake Victoria. The Major Rivers are Sio, Nzoia, Yala, Nyando, Sondu and Kuja. The Proposed Nandi Forest Multipurpose Dam is the Yala River. 2.0 PROBLEM STATEMENT Although the LBDA region is endowed with abundant water resources, land and readily available labour, the region however suffers from poor and unreliable rainfall distribution and flood hazards, which alternate unpredictably so that stable food production cannot be realized without developing irrigation and drainage farming methods. The Lake Basin region also suffers from inadequate power supply, which would otherwise promote accelerated industrial development especially in the rural areas. Overall Kenya s current energy production and consumption are well below the levels needed to support not only a satisfactory standard of living but also the country s vision of an industrialised economy by the year Recent droughts have worsened the situation and energy supply from hydropower has reduced significantly. 3.0 BACKGROUND INFORMATION 3.1 Agricultural Sector The Agricultural sector is the single largest sector of Kenyan Economy, it accounts for about 27% of the Gross Domestic Product (GDP). Dependence on this sector is infact much heavier. The agricultural sector has though witnessed a declining contribution towards GDP, falling from 36.6% between 1964 and 1973 to a low of 2.2% in the late 1990 s. The sector contributes over

9 5 50% of total export earnings and 60% of national income and accounts for 80% of national employment. It is thus expected to carry the burden of ensuring sustainable economic growth in the country. In this respect, the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper for the period therefore ranks the agricultural and Rural Development sectors in the country s economy as a priority. Factors contributing to this poor performance include bad weather, poor world commodity prices and poor infrastructure. This especially; is in the areas which solely depend on rain fed agriculture for meeting most of their food and agricultural raw material requirements. Against this background, it is obvious that well planned integrated development with appropriate facilities will play a major role in the development of a viable, productive and sustainable rural Kenya. In Kenya, the ninth Development Plan ( ) is now under execution, setting main themes for mobilization of resources for development. In line with these themes, the Government stresses the importance of promoting rural development so as to improve and stabilize food supply through optimum utilization of available land and water resources. Over-reliance on rainfed agriculture is identified as a contributor to food shortage and insecurity in the country. The Government is undertaking to improve infrastructure and the economy in general for the purpose of promotion of agriculture and manufacturing sectors. The Government at the moment is divesting from public enterprises and moving towards the provision of adequate socio-economic activities leading to creation of employment opportunities, stimulating private agro-based industrial growth and poverty alleviation. Of the total estimated Kenya s land area of 567,249 km 2 about 10.8 million hectares is considered arable. The estimated total cropped area per annum is about 2.4 million hectares. Of this, the total irrigated area is estimated at 65,000 ha which amounts to only 17% of the approximately 540,000Ha potentially irrigable area in the country. 3.2 Energy Sector Kenya s energy sector is largely dominated by imported petroleum for the modern sector and wood fuel for rural communities, the urban poor and informal sector. The current domestic demand for petroleum fuels accounts for 25% of the total import bill. In terms of energy supply, wood fuel provides about 68% of the total energy requirements, petroleum energy 20%, electricity 10% and other alternative sources account for 2%. Kenya s current electricity generation capacity is inadequate, with demand regularly exceeding supply during the peak periods. This normally leads to rationing. From September 1998 to early 2001, the country went through severe power rationing due to a prolonged drought, which negatively affected performance of the economy. This reflects the requirements for developing other power services to deliver adequate supplies to the large urban centres, fast growing towns and small urban centres in rural areas. The rural electrification programme is an important element of the regional development policy as it stimulates industrial and agricultural development as well as promotion of general welfare in the rural areas.

10 6 4.0 PREVIOUS STUDIES In 1985 C Lotti & Associati completed and submitted their report on the Lake Basin River Catchment Development River Profile Studies. In their report, they identified five major potential development options. Four of these form the Yala Cascade which utilises the waters of the Yala River entirely within the basin. The fifth, dubbed the Nandi Forest-Kano Plain Transfer Scheme, exploits the height difference between the Yala River basin and the Kano Plain to the south of the Nyando escarpment and would divert flows out of the Yala River Basin. After analysing all the five options, the report recommended the Nandi Forest-Kano Plain Transfer Scheme, which offered the highest benefit/cost ratio for power generation and most importantly, offers the additional benefit of also providing an irrigation water supply to the potentially water deficient Kano Plain. In 1986, a draft proposal for the detailed investigations and feasibility designs of the Nandi Forest Multipurpose Dam for the generation of 50MW of hydroelectric power and irrigation of hectares was prepared under the United Nations DTCD Project Ken/82/001. The proposal gave preliminary details on sugarcane production showing the increased yields that would be realised under irrigated conditions. The current thinking in the regions development is to also irrigate other crops such as cotton, rice and horticultural crops. C. Lotti & Asccociati indicated that the benefit/cost ratio for power is 1.45 while the United Nations report indicated the benefit/cost ratio for agriculture to be The Lake Basin Development Authority there proposes that feasibility study of the project be conducted including detailed designs and the project be implemented. A summary of the details and estimated cost of implementing the Hydropower component of the project are given in Tables 1&2 respectively. (Exchange Rate: 1US$ = Kshs 70.00)

11 7 Table 1: Table 2: Nandi Forest Kano Plain Transfer Scheme Summary Reservoir Dam Crest Level m Full Supply Level m Gross Storage 305 x 10 6 m 3 Live Storage 275 x 10 6 m 3 Mean Annual Runoff (M.A.R.) 308 x 10 6 m 3 Live Storage (% M.A.R.) 89 % Gross Yield (% M.A.R.) 72% Gross Yield 7.0 m 3 /s Net Yield 6.6 m 3 /s Dam Dam Type Earth/rock fill embankment Dam Height 58 m Fill Volume 3.1 x 10 6 m 3 Power System Gross Head m Net Head 542 m Installed Capacity 50 MW Headrace Tunnel Length 17.2 km Headrace Tunnel Diameter 3 m Spillway Type Free Overflow Chute Spillway Capacity 400 m 3 /s 1985 Kano Plain Transfer Project Cost estimate Kshs million US$ million Access Road Camp and Site Facilities Embankment Spillway Diversion and Outlet Works Intake Headrace and Tailrace Tunnels Surge Chamber and Riser Shaft and Penstocks Services Adit Control Building and Switchyard Underground Powerhouse Access Adits Sub-total Unmeasured Items (10%) Sub-total Preliminary and General (15%) Mechanical and Electrical Plant Transmission Lines Sub-total Contingencies (15%) Engineering and Administration (10%) TOTAL 1, Source: River Profile studies 1985

12 8 5.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION The project comprises of a 58m high earth/rock embankment dam located in the Nandi Forest immediately downstream of the confluence of the Remonde (Kimondi) and Sirua (Mokong) tributaries at an elevation of 1800masl. It would impound water with a live storage capacity of 275 Million m³ and surface area extending to some 12.5 square kilometres. Diversion of about 6.6m³/sec through a 17.2 km tunnel and dropping it through 550m to an underground powerhouse at the foot of the Nyando escarpment will generate 50MW of electric power. The tail waters will be discharged through a free flowing tailrace tunnel into the Great Oroba River at elevation 1280masl. These waters can be used to irrigate about 16,000-17,000 hectares in the Miwani and Chemelil areas of the Nyanza region. The United Nations report, proposed changing the type of dam from earth/rock embankment to a straight gravity concrete one incorporating a spillway, which is simpler and cheaper to construct. It also proposed an increase of the height of the dam by another 4.5m to obtain 50x106 m³ of additional storage thereby giving an enhanced yield of 7.0m³/sec with a corresponding increase in power generation. 5.1 Project Area The hydropower project is located in the Yala River basin while the irrigation project is located in the Kano Plains. The Yala River traverses the three provinces of the Lake Basin region namely: Rift Valley Province, Western Province and Nyanza Province. The Remonde tributary originates from the swamp north of Kapsabet while the Sirua tributary is from the Nandi Hills. The river flows for a distance of 212 km before draining into Lake Victoria through Yala Swamp. It has a gross catchment of 3262 km 2 with an average annual flow of 30 m³/sec. The Nandi Forest Dam is located at the confluence of Remonde and Sirua tributaries. The Yala River boasts a well-watered catchment particularly in the middle reaches, which are characterised by extensive indigenous forests in the Kakamega area. Sharp changes in relief associated with the North-South trending Nandi escarpment, the Yala Falls and the Nyando escarpment to the South give rise to substantial hydropower potential. The project dam site is located in Tinderet Division of Nandi District. The district can be divided into five main features: the Rolling Hills to the west; the Kapsabet Plateau (an extension of the Uasin Gishu); the weeded highlands and foothills of Tinderet volcanic mass in the South- East; the Krugwal Swamp in Baraton Chepteret area and the dissected Nyando Escarpment to the South. In general the district lies between altitudes ranging between 1300 m and 2500 m above sea level. 5.2 Climate The district enjoys a cool and moderately wet climate with rainfall ranging between 1,200 mm and 2000 mm per annum in the upper areas where the dam would be situated. In the lower areas where irrigation is proposed the rainfall is below mm annually and is poorly distributed. The mean temperatures of between 18ºC and 22ºC which occur during the rainy season whereas the higher temperatures averaging 23ºC are recorded during the drier months of December and January

13 5.3 Topography The topography of most of the district where the dam will be constructed is favourable for the growth of natural forests, which form the watershed of the major rivers namely, Kipkaren, Clare, Onyonkie, Kimandi, Kurgwal, Kabuitie, Mokong, Yala, Kapchorwa and Amapngetuny. Some of the rivers, especially in Tinderet Division have several falls, which can be harnessed for HEP generation. The rugged topography coupled with steep slopes hinders the full exploitation of the land. 5.4 Hydrology The upper reach of the Yala River above Nandi forest which drains about 1350 km² has a mean annual yield of approximately 10 m³/sec flows at an elevation of approximately 1800m.a.s.l compared with the average lowland elevation of 1200m.a.s.l Flow records at 1FE2, which is downstream of the dam site, are shown on Table 3. Table 3: River Yala Monthly flow in m³/sec at 1FE2 Year Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Average Averag e Source: River Profile studies OBJECTIVES 6.1 Energy Under the Rural Electrification Programme, the main objective of the Government is to provide electricity to as many parts of the country as possible and reduce the demand on wood fuel and Kerosene for industry. The objectives of this project are to: - Increase the supply of energy in the region and for the Nation. Lessen the country s dependency on imported energy Harness the energy resources in the region Stimulate industrial development in the region reduce demand on wood fuel and conserve forests Alleviate poverty in the region and raise the standards of living. 9

14 Encourage the development of agro-businesses and agricultural processing plants. 6.2 Irrigation And since the tailrace water will be emptied into the Oroba river, the first component of the irrigation potential will for rice and cotton for large parts of the Kano plain. This irrigation will also be used for horticulture within the region. Already patches of rice irrigation are on going in patches of the area that are able to use the inadequate water of rhe Oroba River. This potential irrigation area also covers parts of the Nyanza Sugar Belt, which constitute part of the 10,000 ha envisaged for irrigation in the zones around Miwaniand Chemelil In this area, sugarcane yields average 35 ton/hectare under rain fed conditions. However, these yields can be improved up to an average of 80 ton/hectare under irrigated conditions. The Government objectives in the sugar sector are: Attain self-sufficiency in sugar and sugar products Create employment Improve socio-economic well-being of the rural population thereby curbing rural-urban migration. Save on foreign exchange. Towards attainment of these objectives, the Kenya Sugar Board is working on strategies aimed towards; - Sugarcane irrigation development and expansion Increasing sugarcane production and productivity. Capacity expansion and improved production technologies Reduction of overall production cost. 7.0 SCOPE OF WORK The Nandi Forest Dam has the potential of generating 50MW of hydroelectric power and irrigating a gross area of 16,500 hectares in the Kano Plains are as well as supplying water to the towns after the dam including Kisumu and other towns in the area. The scope of work comprises: The collection and analysis of all relevant data and carrying out detailed studies to determine the technical and economic feasibility as well as social and environmental acceptability of the Nandi Forest-Kano Plain transfer project. The accepted alternative will be advanced to implementation level with emphasis on the optimum development of the power potential, irrigation, while other benefits will include water supply to the surrounding dam area as a priority and possibly to Kisumu. The study will make use of the earlier studies and where appropriate, will recommend new alternatives, which would lead to an optimal development of the river potential. The development will envisage the conservation of the upper catchment of the river and practices that will improve its management. 10

15 11 This scope will broadly comprise: Preparation of the project (Exploratory and Planning) Provide review of the alternatives that exist for river regulation and hydro-power development at Nandi Forest Dam or elsewhere on the Yala River, thereby demonstrating that the selection of Nandi Forest as a site for river regulation is optimal for hydro-power, down stream irrigation development, water supply, catchment conservation and flood alleviation in the lower reaches of the Yala River. Field investigations shall be carried out in sufficient detail not only to allow for international project appraisal but also to allow for the subsequent preparation of tender designs and tender documentation for the implementation stage. COST ESTIMATES AND IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE Table 4: Projected Cost Estimate of the Project Item No Description Amount 1 Preparation of the Project to tender 248,380, Hydro power Development 13,000,000,000 3 Irrigation Development 5,000,000,000 4 Water Supply 1,500,000,000 5 Catchment Conservation 1,000,000,000 6 Sub Total 20,748,380, % 2,074,838,000 Grand Total 22,823,218,000 Table 5: Projected Implementation Schedule IMPLEMENTATION SCHEDULE Month Feasibility Design and Tender Documentation Implementation to take up to 6yrs

16 Fig 1: Lake Victoria River Systems and Development Options. 12

17 Fig 2: Dam Site Project View. 13