Global Ocean Science Report

Transcription

1 Global Ocean Science Report Seizing Ocean Science - why, who, how, where? Lars Horn Consultant Norway-South Africa Science Week 2017

2 WHY:? Ocean science for sustainable development The purpose of IOC is to promote international cooperation and to coordinate programmes in research, services and capacity-building (IOC- UNESCO-UN) Ocean science crucial for sustainable development, in order to protect ocean and human health Need to understand ocean science capacities - but many questions remain OBIS data nodes (OBIS, 2016); Global Ocean Science Report first consolidated assessment of ocean science: Identifies and quantifies elements driving ocean science capacity (workforce, infrastructure, investment, data management), productivity (publications) and performance Aims to strengthen international ocean science collaboration and sciencepolicy interaction and support SDG14 (in particular 14.a) RRS James Cook (NERC); OTGA, 2016

3 Global Ocean Science Report 14.a Increase scientific knowledge, develop research capacity and transfer marine technology, taking into account the Intergovernmental Oceanographic Commission Criteria and Guidelines on the Transfer of Marine Technology, in order to improve ocean health and to enhance the contribution of marine biodiversity to the development of developing countries, in particular small island developing States and least developed countries. At present - no global mechanism for assessing and reporting on the level of human capacity, technology, investments, and needs of nations in ocean and coastal science, observations and services. GOSR - tool for the SDG on the Ocean, to optimize the sustainable use of marine resources, with regard to the needs of developing countries, includ. capacitybuilding & transfer of knowledge and technology Includes the information to report towards the SDG indicator 14.a.1 upgraded from Tier III to Tier II in November 2017

4 Global Ocean Science Report 1. Introduction 2. Definitions & Methodology 3. Research Capacity and Infrastructure 4. Research Investment: Observations, Fisheries and other ocean science 5. Research productivity and science impact 6. Oceanographic data and information exchange 7. International supporting organizations on ocean science 8. Contribution of marine science to the development of ocean and coastal policies and sustainable development

5 Data resources Questionnaire sent in 2015 to the IOC Member States, including quantitative and qualitative questions. Global map indicating the Member States that responded to the questionnaire.

6 Data resources IOC and UNESCO Resources IODE JCOMMOPS UNESCO Science Report UNESCO Institute for Statistics Science Metrix contracted to provide information on the bibliometrics (science output) Previously published reports/articles Ocean Science in Canada Belgian Marine Research - an overview FP6 and FP7 reports JPI Ocean Economy OECD Royal Society UN/International/Intergovernmental councils/organizations FAO Worldbank OECD PICES ICES Online database Research Vessel compilations GO-Ship Official lists of participants of globally distributed international environmental and ocean science conferences proxy for human resources and ocean science laboratories

7 Key Findings 1. Global ocean science is big science. 2. Ocean science is multidisciplinary. 3. There is more equal gender balance in ocean science than in science overall. 4. Ocean science expenditure is highly variable worldwide. 5. Ocean science benefits from alternative funding. 6. Ocean science productivity is increasing. 7. International collaboration increases citation rates. 8. Ocean data centres serve multiple user communities with a wide array of products. 9. Science-policy interactions can occur through many avenues. 10. National inventories on ocean science capacity exist only in few countries.

8 Who is doing Ocean Science? Human capacity supporting Ocean Science Women in Ocean Science from 50 to less than 25 % depending on the field of science and region More than 360 to 1 Marine Scientists per million inhabitant across the world

9 What is used for conducting Ocean Science? Research Vessel used at different local, regional, international and global scales Proportion of seven age classes within the research vessel fleet for ships 55 m. Source: OCEANIC database, 2016.

10 How much do we invest in Ocean Science? % of R&D expenditure towards Ocean Science from 0.1 to 4.7%

11 How big is our ocean science? Global Citation Map for Ocean Science Area of each country is scaled and deformed according to the number of citation receive

12 How big is our ocean science? Proportion of global publication authorship by continent

13 National strengths in different ocean sciences categories. Spider plots show the Specialization Index (SI) compared to the world ( ). What are the national strengths in different ocean sciences categories?

14 Open data sharing knowledge to advance in Ocean Science The percentage of data centres which restrict/do not restrict access to data. The percentage of data centres which do/do not restrict access to data by region.

15 Impact of Ocean Science: Science in Policy Examples of how needs of policymakers influence the design of tailored scientific research programmes and how science can influence the development and implementation of marine policy. Some examples are: reduced eutrophication of marine waters, e.g. under the European Community Nitrates and Urban Waste Water Directives; national, regional and global management systems for harmful algal blooms; regulation of ocean fertilization (London Convention/London Protocol); Ocean science will continue to play a key role in implementing the 2030 Agenda and achieving the conservation and sustainable use of the ocean and marine resources as set out in SDG 14. Further ocean science is key for the newly initiated Ocean Pathway during the UNCCC COP23 as it provides the knowledge to have the ocean recognized as an integral part of the UNFCCC process by regulation of fisheries, e.g. via the total allowable catches agreed by countries fishing in the North Sea; and transboundary protection and conservation strategies, e.g. the Benguela Current Convention. n-gb

16 Call for Action 1. Facilitate international ocean science cooperation. 2. Support global, regional and national data centres for effective and efficient management and exchange of ocean data and promote open access. 3. Explore and encourage alternative funding models. 4. Enable ocean science-policy interactions through diverse avenues. 5. Align national reporting mechanisms on ocean science capacity, productivity and performance.

17 Baseline information to support : The International Decade of Ocean Science for Sustainable Development Status: The proposal is being considered by the UN General Assembly p.t.