Please complete the following summer assignments. I can be reached at me if you have questions.

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1 SUMMER ASSIGNMENTS AP ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE NAME: Welcome to Advanced Placement Environmental Science (APES)! APES has an extensive syllabus and is more interdisciplinary than most other courses you have taken. We will be studying aspects of Biology, Earth Science, Chemistry, Physics, Anthropology, Government and more. It is important that you come to class in August with a basis from which to begin the year. This summer packet is designed to help prepare and orient you for the rigors of AP Environmental Science. This will be a challenging course, meant to establish you into strong scientific students. Much of the work here builds off of previous science courses such as biology and chemistry, as well as your math classes, and is considered background knowledge prerequisite to this course; while some terminology and/or concepts may be new to you, nothing should be overwhelming. With the exception of any calculations you are required to make, all of your work should be typed and printed on the first day of class, no excuses. Everything should be neat and organized this is to your benefit as a student. Please complete the following summer assignments. I can be reached at pamela_luncz@chino.k12.ca.us. me if you have questions. Part 1: Glossary of Terms Below is a list of important terminology and concepts required for class. The list is not exhaustive but will provide you will a solid foundation with which to explore concepts from class. Work to define each idea as best you can. Remember, this is an AP class which means you are technically college students, so operate like college students. Do not seek to provide just a one sentence response, but go above and beyond, provide context to your work and real-world examples. Although not required, drawing and coloring a sketch related to each term is recommended. This is a graded assignment for class, but more importantly it is an opportunity for you to develop your own personal glossary of terms for APES; practice active studying habits. Each term is worth 1 point (63 total) and you can receive up to 7 points for making your glossary neat, presentable, and organized. Please note that terms are arranged by topic as specified by the College Board. I. Earth Systems and Resources Lithosphere Atmosphere Hydrosphere Biosphere Plate Tectonics Convergent Boundary Divergent Boundary Transform Boundary II. The Living World Biotic Abiotic Autotroph Heterotroph Biome Forest Grassland Deserts Wetlands Estuaries Ecosystem Terrestrial Aquatic Community Species

2 Keystone species Foundational species Indicator species Niche Trophic level Reservoir III. Population Anthropogenic Per capita IV. Land and Water Use Arable Irrigation Salinization Desalination Water Diversion Extraction V. Energy Resources and Consumption First Law of Thermodynamics Second Law of Thermodynamics Efficiency Potential Energy Kinetic Energy VI. Pollution Pollution Air pollution Primary pollutants Secondary pollutants Noise pollution Light pollution Water Pollution Point source pollutants Nonpoint source pollutants Solid Waste Toxicity LD-50 and LC-50 Hazardous Waste Carcinogens Bioremediation Phytoremediation VII. Global Change Biodiversity Tropospheric Ozone Stratospheric Ozone Climate Change Greenhouse Gases

3 Part 2: Basic Science and Math Concepts Dimensional Analysis (30 points, 6 points each) Dimensional analysis is a way to convert a quantity given in one unit to an equal quantity of another unit by lining up all the known values and multiplying. In a dimensional analysis problem, start with your given value and unit and then work toward your desired unit by writing equal values side by side. Remember you want to cancel each of the intermediate units. To cancel a unit on the top part of the problem, you have to get the unit on the bottom. Likewise, to cancel a unit that appears on the bottom part of the problem, you have to write it in on the top. Once you have the problem written out, multiply across the top and bottom and then divide the top by the bottom. Please note: on the AP exam there will be no calculators allowed. Thus, all exams in this class will be completed without a calculator. It is recommended that you complete these practice problems without a calculator as well. Here s a simple example, converting inches to feet: 1. How many seconds are there in 1 year? Show all work. 2. What is the density of mercury (13.6 g/cm 3 ) in units of kg/m 3? 3. A farmer needs to prepare 150 liters of a 1 molar (1M) solution of ammonium nitrate (NH 3 NO 3 ) to fertilize his crops. How many grams of ammonium nitrate does the farmer require? 4. The only time you are likely to see an sea turtle on the beach is during nesting season. Every 2 years, adult Loggerhead sea turtles find mates and the females come up on to the sandy beaches to dig nests and lay their eggs. A female Loggerhead will lay about 100 eggs per nest. In a nesting year, she will lay about 5 nests. Of those eggs, 80% emerge as hatchlings. It is estimated that only 1 in 1000 hatchlings will survive into adulthood. If Loggerhead sea turtles reach sexual maturity at age 25, how many years must a female Loggerhead live to produce enough adult sea turtles in the next generation to replace her and her mate? Show all work. 5. A 1,450-watt microwave is used for 30 minutes per day, every day for a year. How many kw (kilowatts) of energy does this microwave use in one year? Show all work.

4 Graph Analysis (10 points in total) 6. What does the X-axis show in the graph to the left? 7. What does the Y-axis show in the graph to the left? 8. What kind of growth is demonstrated in the graph? 9. What conclusion can you make from the graph on the left? Feedback (10 points in total) 10. Describe a positive feedback loop found in nature. 11. Describe a negative feedback loop found in nature. Percent Change (10 points in total) 12. Define percent change and provide a formula for calculating percent change. 13. Graph the data provided in the table below and calculate the percent change from 1980 to Mesa Grande Reservation Species Counts Deer Population Fox Population Rabbit Population , , , , , , , , ,000

5 Part 3: Primary Literature Find two articles that have been published this summer 2018 (from May-August). (25 points each) Each article should be about a different environmental issue. Read and annotate each article, providing a one-page reflection on the article. Examples: chemical contamination, climate change, pollution, deforestation, overpopulation, endangered species, invasive species, pesticides, habitat destruction Include a hard copy of each article (either printed out, photocopied, or cut out). Include the hyperlink to the URL if you found it online. Valid sources include scientific publications, journals, newspapers like the NY Times, National Geographic, The Wall Street Journal (aim high the more scholarly the better). Online newspapers or journals or.gov,.edu. or.org sites are okay too. Include a Works Cited at the end of your reflections (MLA or APA is fine). For each article please address the following criteria Summarize the content of the article in your own words, focusing on the following questions: What is the problem? When did it begin? Do we know who are the responsible parties? If so, who is it? How severe is the environmental impact? Reflect on or write your personal reaction to the article, focusing on the following questions. What are your thoughts on the issue? How does it compare to information you have heard or read before? Does it support/refute what you know or thought you knew? What other information would be helpful for you to better understand the environmental impacts? Are there words/concepts you don t understand? Do you know who to trust in regards to the facts presented? Please note that all work should be typed and printed. Your work will not be collected if you do not include the actual article with your work. Part 4: Introduction I am looking forward to meeting all of you and having a great year. To help me get to know you a bit better and provide you with a better experience throughout the year, complete the following survey with as much detail as possible.