THE$AUTHORITY$IN$PLUMBING$SYSTEM$DESIGN$AND$ENGINEERING$ ASPE$Webinar$Series$ $ An$ASPE$Technical$Professional$ Educa?on$Program$

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1 ASPE$Webinar$Series$ $ An$ASPE$Technical$Professional$ Educa?on$Program$

2 Presenter$ Vic Hines, CPD, LEED AP Charlotte Pipe and Foundry

3 Laboratory Plumbing Design Basics & Special Waste Piping Systems Copyright 2014 Charlotte Pipe and Foundry Co.

4 Webinar Outline - Discuss: Types of labs When and why to specify special waste systems Codes & standards Bio-safety labs Piping system material selection Installation methods above and below grade Chemical resistance Also: flame & smoke/plenums, need for secondary containment, more

5 What is Special Waste? Could be made up of numerous classes of corrosive chemicals Likely harmful to piping systems designed for drain, waste and vent or Harmful to people or environment

6 These Wastes Could Be Found In: Industrial plants Electronics and chip manufacturing Biotech Hospitals, medical research facilities Laboratories - schools and universities.and more

7 Two Basic Types of Systems 1. Laboratory drainage systems Intermittent disposal of a wide variety of hot and cold chemicals and common reagents in limited quantities usually with water for dilution and flushing 2. Process or continuous drainage systems Industrial and process applications Disposal of larger quantities of a few chemicals at known concentrations and temperatures

8 Two Basic Types of Systems For this webinar we are going to concern ourselves primarily with laboratory systems but each of the piping systems we will discuss could be used for process or continuous waste systems as well Contact the individual system manufacturers for more information on design considerations for different applications

9 Is There One Perfect System? $ Nope. If there was you could just specify it and forget it. As a design professional you make a selection based on a number of factors, some of which we ll discuss today. The many quality manufacturers of these systems have design and application aids that will help you select and design your project.

10 THE$AUTHORITY$IN$PLUMBING$SYSTEM$DESIGN$AND$ENGINEERING$ What is a Laboratory?$ - From Medieval Latin labōrātōrium workshop, from Latin labōrāre to labour - Room, building or institution equipped for scientific research or similarly specialized operations - Should allow for safe work with science

11 Primary Goals for Lab Design*$ - Maintaining Safety $ - Create the Ability to Manage Change Easily - Plan Layout for Dynamic Activities - Design for Flexibility and Growth - Foster the Best Science * Per ASPE Technical Seminar October, Joe Messina, CPD presenter

12 Laboratory Design Overview Examples of Types of Labs! Chemistry: K-12 College and University! Biology Hospitals /Medical College and University! Microbiological - Biosafety Levels: BSL-1. BSL-2, BSL-3, BSL-4! Industrial labs, glass wash, w/ww treatment plants, many other examples

13 Laboratory Design Overview What kind of waste are we talking about? I ve heard it described as Acid Waste, Corrosive Waste, Laboratory Waste... I didn t see some of those terms in the code book.

14 Laboratory Design Overview It could be any and all of those things. Generally the codes would describe these as Special Wastes

15 The Codes and Special Waste! What is Special Waste and what plumbing systems are required for drainage? UPC Requires special waste and vent system to convey any waste likely to damage or contaminate the sanitary sewer IPC 803.2, Requires special waste and vent system to convey any harmful or corrosive waste

16 Codes and Standards Model plumbing codes require that special waste be treated or neutralized before discharge into any piping system listed for sanitary or DWV service

17 Product Standards for Special Waste ASTM Standards detail dimensional, physical and performance properties for special waste piping systems. There are currently 5 standards for piping systems specifically designed and listed for special waste service.

18 Piping Systems for Special Waste Glass mfg. to ASTM C1053 High Silicon Iron mfg. to ASTM A518 PPL mfg. to ASTM F1412 PVDF mfg. to ASTM F1673 CPVC mfg. to ASTM F2618

19 Codes and Standards Each of these piping systems are recognized by the standards committees, the model codes, code officials and end users as being specifically designed to transport corrosive or special wastes

20 Engineers and Facility Owners Select Materials Partially Based on: - Past experience - Application parameters including reagents, chemicals and concentrations to be disposed, temperatures expected, plenum or ducted returns, buried? - Ease of maintenance; possible future alts & adds - Installed cost

21 What is a Reagent Anyway? Any substance used in a reaction for the purpose of detecting, measuring, examining or analyzing other substances. High purity and high sensitivity are essential requirements of lab reagents. Over 8,000 reagent chemicals are commercially available

22 Different Labs Have Different Requirements Chemistry Labs: - K-12 typically uses few truly harsh chemicals Relatively easy application - College/Univ will have more demanding requirements with broader range of reagents used and strengths/concentrations of chemicals - Labs within Industrial or treatment plants

23 Different Labs Have Different Requirements Biology/Medical: - Biology, Medical Research may use different reagents and sanitizers in high concentrations after experiments

24 Different Labs Have Different Requirements Biosafety/Microbiological: Specific specialized systems required dependent on BSL (Biosafety) Level: BSL-1. BSL-2, BSL-3, BSL-4 - Each level requires increasingly more rigorous protection against possible harm to personnel and to the environment - Containment of harmful contaminants is critical

25 What Codes and Standards Apply?! Practically everything! - Locally adopted codes - Institution/owner s own Guidelines - Association Guidelines - Building Code - Plumbing Code - Mechanical Code - Fire Code! When Codes or Standards are in Conflict The Most Stringent Requirements Apply

26 Standards and Guidelines for Biosafety There are many.

27 ! BSL-1: Defined organisms Biosafety Laboratories Not known to cause disease in healthy adults, minimal hazard to the environment! BSL-2: Moderate-risk agents present in the community Disease of varying severity - moderate risk to the environment! BSL-3: Indigenous or exotic agents, aerosol transmission Serious and potentially lethal infection by inhalation! BSL-4: Dangerous or exotic, high-risk agents Life threatening disease, high individual risk of aerosol transmitted lab infections

28 Biosafety Laboratories! In Biosafety labs we re not talking about hazards that are corrosive or unpleasant..! We re talking about hazards that can kill you!

29 Biosafety Laboratories BSL 2 or 3 Lab: BSL 4 Lab: * MEP/FP will likely be the single highest cost item of such a lab

30 Effluent Piping for Biosafety Laboratories BSL-1 to BSL-3 Labs may use normally approved special waste systems depending on application specifics BSL-4 Labs typically use welded 316-L stainless steel as a minimum, may involve secondary containment, will have effluent decontamination

31 Biosafety Laboratories! BSL-3 and 4 Bio-Waste Treatment and Effluent De-Contamination: - Initial treatment will be at point of discharge - Secondary treatment : chemical or heat - Heat treatment can be steam injection or indirect heating to reach min. 240º F - Chemical treatment may be chlorine or caustic addition

32 Enough About Biosafety Let s talk about the more common types of laboratory projects that engineering firms are routinely designing.

33 Laboratories in K-12 College & Universities Hospitals

34 Special Waste Material Selection Overview & comparison of the listed systems available for the application

35 Listed Systems Available for the Application: Glass mfg. to ASTM C1053 High Silicon Iron mfg. to ASTM A518 PPL mfg. to ASTM F1412 PVDF mfg. to ASTM F1673 CPVC mfg. to ASTM F2618

36 Listed Systems Available for the Application: Borosilicate Glass High-Silicon Iron Polypropylene PVDF CPVC

37 Traditional Systems! Borosilicate Glass (Kimax )

38 Traditional Systems! High Silicon Iron (Duriron ) Both glass and HS iron are great systems: - Non-Combustible, high temp capability, excellent chem resistance - But used much less often than in the past

39 Newer Systems : Thermoplastics Polypropylene (PPL or FRPP) Polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) Chlorinated Poly Vinyl Chloride (CPVC) Quality systems: Hundreds of installations over many years in a wide variety of applications

40 Are good systems All Five Systems Have applications where they excel in some respects Have applications where they would be less than ideal Now, lets compare the materials and systems

41 Long history of good service Non-Combustible High temperature capability Excellent CR Glass Fair amount of expertise required to cut. Install below grade requires wrap w/ Expanded foam MJ Installation method

42 High-Silicon Iron Long history of good service Non-Combustible High temperature capability Excellent corrosion resistance Addition of 14.5% silicon to iron improves CR but is harder and more brittle; HSI cannot withstand substantial stress or impact. MJ or hub and spigot

43 Long history: In use since the 60 s Broad based CR Lowest tensile strength of all the available systems Lowest temp handling capability of available systems Poorest flame/smoke ratings of available systems Fusion or MJ installation Polypropylene

44 PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride): Available in US as a special waste system since the 1990 s Broad based CR Very high-temperature capability Excellent flame/smoke properties Universally accepted in plenums But.very high-cost plastic

45 CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride) As with many other plastics used in numerous applications Broad based CR Relatively high tensile strength High temperature handling capability Good flame/smoke properties Solvent cement installation method

46 Chemical Resistance! In special waste systems obviously chemical resistance may be the single most important selection criteria! Industrial process applications may be tough but parameters are easy to identify! Laboratory applications on the other hand require the ability to handle a broad range of chemicals in short.

47 Chemical Resistance Laboratory applications require Versatility! Ability to handle a broad range of chemicals! Potential elevated temperatures ALL piping materials have chemical limitations ALWAYS refer to chemical resistance charts ALWAYS consider specifics of each project

48 Chemical Resistance! Glass & High Silicon iron: - Broadest chemical resistance of available systems but as with all materials each has limitations - High temperature capability

49 Chemical Resistance! Available Plastic Systems All Provide Good Broad-Based Chemical Resistance and are suitable for most laboratory applications - Each system has limitations - Each system has specific applications where they excel - Design professionals, owners and contractors should select materials based on the requirements of their specific application

50 Chemical Resistance! FRPP (Polypropylene) Good Broad-Based Chemical Resistance: Water-soluble solvents, weak to moderately strong acids and alkalis - Can degrade with long-term exposure to strong oxidizing chemicals like: concentrated bleach (sodium hypochlorite) hydrogen peroxide

51 Chemical Resistance! PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) Good Broad-Based Chemical Resistance: Water-soluble solvents, strong acids, oxidizers, bleach - Excellent with high temperature wastes - Limited resistance to some concentrated alkalis

52 Chemical Resistance! CPVC (Chlorinated Polyvinyl Chloride) Good Broad-Based Chemical Resistance: - Very strong acids & alkalis. Particularly good with oxidizers, bleach - Excellent with high temperature wastes - Limited resistance to solvents, FOG s

53 Installation Methods: Glass Mechanical joint; SS TFE lined couplings can connect to beaded ends, plain ends or other materials Cut using scoring tool and torch Burial: Pipe should be encased in E.P.S. (expanded polystyrene), compacted select base & fill

54 Installation Methods: High Silicon Iron! High Silicon Iron Mechanical joint; SS PTFE lined couplings or Hub & spigot: Lead and special acid resistant packing Cutting: snap cutter only Burial: Compacted select base and fill

55 Installation Methods: PPL & PVDF Electro Fusion or Mechanical Joint (MJ)

56 PPL/PVDF Installation Methods: Fusion Fusion coil in fitting hub Fusion machine supplies power to heat coil and make the joint Each mfg. has their own equipment

57 PPL/PVDF Installation Methods: MJ Mechanical joint type, installation methods and tools vary by brand MJ most often used exposed, less often buried or concealed

58 Installation Methods: CPVC Socket, solvent cement Single-step 1½ to 4, Two Step (primer & cement) 6 size and greater Manufacturers require the use of special listed cements.

59 Burial of Plastic Pipe: All Materials Should be in accordance with ASTM D2321 which details trench width, bedding, compaction and other installation details

60 Flame & Smoke/Combustibility! When in plenums check local codes: Glass, high silicon iron and PVDF are accepted as plenum-rated in most areas! CPVC is allowed in some states and localities in plenums! Flame retardant polypro is for use in non-plenum areas only

61 Flame & Smoke/Combustibility! Glass and high silicon iron are considered non-combustible! All plastics will burn but each exhibit different flame and smoke characteristics

62 Flame & Smoke/Combustibility! Any fire will consume combustible materials and generate lethal products of combustion, principally carbon monoxide! In general, carbon monoxide is generated more rapidly than other toxic gases and tends to be the principal factor in fire fatalities

63 Flame & Smoke/Combustibility! Primary products of combustion: FRPP: carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) PVDF: carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO 2 ), and hydrogen fluoride (HF) CPVC: carbon monoxide (CO) carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) and hydrogen chloride (HCl)

64 Double or Secondary Containment May be required on some systems depending on the severity of possible contaminants, local or EPA regulations It is beyond the scope of today s presentation but there are several manufacturers of these systems can supply detailed design and technical information on double containment systems

65 In Conclusion We hope we ve given you good information on both the applications and the piping systems available to you as you design projects for your clients Contact the various manufacturers for detailed information on each of the systems.

66 Thanks, We Appreciate Your Time Today! Copyright 2014 Charlotte Pipe and Foundry Co.

67 $ $ Thank$You$ $ aspeeduca?on@aspe.org$