Economic Feasibility of Ventilation Cleaning Emissions in Underground Parkings

Transcription

1 Journl of Physics: Conference Series PAPER OPEN ACCESS Economic Fesibility of Ventiltion Clening Emissions in Underground Prkings To cite this rticle: T N Il in nd V V Isev 2018 J. Phys.: Conf. Ser View the rticle online for updtes nd enhncements. This content ws downloded from IP ddress on 19/10/2018 t 16:07

2 Interntionl Conference on Energy Systems-2007 (ICES-2017) IOP Conf. Series: Journl of Physics: Conf. Series (2018) doi : / /1066/1/ ECONOMIC FEASIBILITY OF VENTILATION CLEANING EMISSIONS IN UNDERGROUND PARKINGS T N Il in nd V V Isev Deprtment of Het nd Gs Supply nd Ventiltion, Belgorod Stte TechnologiclUniversity of V.G. Shukhov, Belgorod, , RU Abstrct. The expediency of purifiction of exhust gses from vehicles in underground prking lots is shown. Methods of trpping hrmful substnces in the ventiltion ir of prking lots re considered. Equtions re presented for clculting the index of environmentl nd economic dmge to the environment from vehicles. The clcultion of ecologicl nd economic dmge is given in the exmple of underground prking in the city of Anp. Every yer the ecologicl sitution in our country is ggrvted. One of the min ir pollutnts is utomobile exhust. The most polluted cr exhust occurs during engine strt-up nd its wrm-up, which mens in cr prks nd prking lots. Mnufcturers of crs yer fter yer re trying to improve the design of engines nd exhust systems, but the problem of protecting the environment from hrmful emissions is rchivl. Due to the fct tht the cr most pollutes the environment t the time of strting nd wrming up the engine, the ground open cr prks re not ble to detin nd purify ir from exhust gses, nd the construction of ecologicl prking in our country is not s developed s in Europen countries. Thus, the most fesible is the construction of covered ground nd underground prking lots [1, 2], including devices for trpping hrmful gses. Objective: - ssess the degree of ir pollution when strting nd wrming up the engine; - consider methods of ir purifiction from hrmful emissions; - choose wy of quntittive ssessment of environmentl nd economic dmge to the environment from vehicles. As lredy mentioned bove, the most cute environmentl sitution occurs in the prking lot nd cr prking res. Such nonsttionry regimes, including the heting of cold engine, tke no more thn 3-5 minutes in wrm seson nd from minutes to 1-2 hours during the cold seson. At the sme time, the opertion of the engine in such modes is ccompnied by significntly greter emission of hrmful substnces with the exhust gses (up to 8-10 times) thn in sttionry operting modes. The "cold" cr consumes 27% more fuel thn the "hot" cr, nd t the sme time it selects more CO by 86%, CH - 40%, NOx - by 12% [3]. The composition of exhust gses includes bout chemicl compounds nd substnces (Tble 1). Of these, only four in smll concentrtions do not hrm the body (oxygen, nitrogen, crbon dioxide nd wter). There re severl methods for purifying ir from vpor-gseous pollutnts, by the type of physicochemicl processes they re used, they re divided into five min groups [4]: 1) rinsing out solvent emissions of impurities (bsorption); 2) wshing solutions with solutions of chemicls tht bind impurities chemiclly (chemisorption); 3) bsorption of gseous impurities by solid bodies with n ultr-microporous structure (dsorption); 4) therml neutrliztion of wste gses; 5) bsorption of impurities by using ctlytic conversion. For the purpose of complete purifiction of gs emissions, it is dvisble to combine methods in which the combintion of corse, medium nd fine purifiction of gses nd vpors is optiml for ech prticulr Content from this work my be used under the terms of the Cretive Commons Attribution 3.0 licence. Any further distribution of this work must mintin ttribution to the uthor(s) nd the title of the work, journl cittion nd DOI. Published under licence by Ltd 1

3 Interntionl Conference on Energy Systems-2007 (ICES-2017) IOP Conf. Series: Journl of Physics: Conf. Series (2018) doi : / /1066/1/ cse. In the first stges, when the content of toxic impurity is lrge, bsorption methods re more suitble, nd for dsorption, dsorption or ctlytic methods [5, 6]. The ctlytic method differs from the therml one, first, by the lower temperture of the oxidtion process, , nd secondly by its high rte of flow, frction of second, which mkes it possible to significntly reduce the dimensions of the rector. The ctlysts cn be pltinum metls, oxides of copper, mngnese, etc. One of the most promising wys of protecting the environment nd efficient energy use is the recovery of the het of ventiltion ir in underground prking lots [7-10]. Exhustgscomponents Tble 1.Composition of exhust gses Contentbyvolume,% Contentbyvolume,% PetrolDiesel 2 Engine Engine Nitrogen 74,0-77,0 76,0-78,0 No Oxygen 0,3-8,0 2,0-18,0 No Wtervpor 3,0-5,5 0,5-4,0 No Crbondioxide 5,0-12,0 1,0-10,0 No Crbonmonoxide 0,1-10,0 0,01-5,0 Yes Nitricoxide 0 0,8 0,0002 0,5 Yes Hydrocrbons 0,2-3,0 0,009-0,5 Yes Aldehydes 0-0,2 0,001-0,009 Yes SulfurOxide 0-0, ,03 Yes Crbonblck, g / m3 0-0,04 0,01-1,1 Yes Benzpyrene -3.4, g / m Yes In connection with the rrivl of lrge number of polluting substnces in the tmosphere, there is need to quntify the impct of vehicles on the environment. Among the economic indictors tht chrcterize the environmentl problems of interction between vehicles nd the environment, the indictor of environmentl nd economic dmge hs been studied quite well. This indictor consists in determining ctul nd possible mteril nd finncil losses from chnges in quntittive nd qulittive prmeters of the environment s whole, s well s its individul nturl components (wter nd lnd resources, tmospheric ir, etc.) [11-13]. In ccordnce with the Temporry Method for Determining the Prevention of Environmentl Dmge, n estimte of the mgnitude of environmentl dmge from ir pollution is [14]: У = У sp M p K e (1) whereу is the vlue of the economic estimte of pollutnt emissions into the tmospheric ir, rub; У sp specific environmentl nd economic dmge from the emission (dischrge) of one conventionl ton of pollution, rub./ conditionl tons; M p reduced mss emission of pollutnts, conditionl tons/ yer; K e coefficient tht tkes into ccount environmentl fctors for the territory under considertion (for the North Cucsus Economic Region is 1.92). The resulted mss of emissions is defined by the formul: N M p = m i A i i=1 wherem i the ctul mss of the relese of the i- th type of pollutnt per yer, ton/yer; A i reltive hzrd index of the i- th type of pollutnts, conditionl tons/ ton [14]. Specific environmentl nd economic dmge from the relese of one conventionl ton of pollutnts is clculted by the formul[15]: (2)

4 Interntionl Conference on Energy Systems-2007 (ICES-2017) IOP Conf. Series: Journl of Physics: Conf. Series (2018) doi : / /1066/1/ У sp = У sp1998 (1 + r) m (3) whereу sp.1998 environmentl nd economic dmge from the relese of one conventionl ton of pollutnts into the ir for 1998 yer, component for the North Cucsus region 53,2 rub./conditionl tons; r rte of infltion; m number of yers. Thus, this method provides n ssessment of the environmentl nd economic dmge from the emission of pollutnts into the tmosphere in the current period. Bsed on the exmple of the city of Anp in the North Cucsus Economic Region, the environmentl nd economic indictor of environmentl dmge from underground prking for 106 prking plces ws rubles per yer. There re lso other, more extensive, methods for determining environmentl dmge to the environment, the determining fctor of which is, for exmple, the helth nd working cpcity of the popultion [3]. In conclusion it should be sid tht the exmple of underground prking in the city of Anp ws used to clculte the environmentl nd economic indictor of dmge to the ir from cr exhusts, which mounted to 1,432,447 rubles per yer. To reduce environmentl nd economic dmge, it is necessry to provide for the purifiction of vehicle exhust fumes. At present, the most universl method is post-gs purifiction of gses by sorption-ctlytic method. Acknowledgments The rticle ws prepred within development progrm of the Flgship Regionl University on the bsis of Belgorod Stte Technologicl University nmed fter V.G. Shukhov. References [1] Kondrshin B 2016 Ecologicl prking s n innovtive form of nture use Scientific community of students of the XXI century. Nturl Sciences: St. Art. by mt. XXXIX interntionl student scientific-prcticl Conference vol 3 pp [2] Isev V, Litvinov I 2017 Anlysis of ventiltion systems of underground prkinginterntionl scientific nd technicl conference of young scientists BSTU V G Shukhov [3] Levd N, Postnikov V 2013 Assessment of environmentl dmge to the popultion nd the economy of the region from pollution of tmospheric ir Economics of nture mngement vol 25 pp [4] Vetoshkin A G2006 Processes nd devices for gs clening: trining mnul (Penz: Izd-vo PGU) p 201 [5] Btenkov V A 2002 Biosphere protection: eductionl-methodicl mnulbr-nul: Publishing house Alt. University p 193 [6] Trubev P A, Trsyuk P N 2017 Evlution of energy-sving projects for genertion of het nd het supply by prime cost forecsting methodinterntionl J of Energy Economics nd Policy 7 pp [7] Nilov VN, Toporkov A A 2017 Methods of clening ir from hrmful substnces from the emissions of closed uto-prkings J Electronic scientific journl 4-2 pp [8] Ilyin T N, Belmz D N 2014 Anlysis nd methods of utiliztion of secondry energy resources of the oil refinery Bulletin of the Belgorod Stte Technologicl University nmed fter. V.G. Shukhov 3 pp [9] Ilyin T N, Belmz D N 2013 Wys of using wste het from primry oil refineries Bulletin of the Belgorod Stte Technologicl University nmed fter. V.G. Shukhov 5 pp [10] Ilyin T N 2010 Recycling of secondry het in production plnts of bkery enterprises Bulletin of the Belgorod Stte Technologicl University nmed fter. V.G. Shukhov 3 pp [11] Nilov V N, Logchev I N, Bromychenko A A, Nebyltsov I V 2016 Assimiltion of exhust gses of cr in closed cr prk Molodezh nd scientific nd technicl progress: Collected ppers of the IX Interntionl Scientific nd Technicl Conference of students, grdute students nd young scientists (Stry Oskol: OOO "Assistnt Plus") pp [12] Tsyplkov E G, Ynkevich Yu G 2016 Ecologicl nd economic ssessment of ensuring environmentl sfety of motor vehicles in the prking re Economics of the New World 3 pp [13] Postnikov V P 2014 Anlysis of ir pollution: ntionl nd regionl spects Bulletin of the VolSU. Series 3: The Economy. Ecology 1 pp [14] Sokolov L I, Kozlov A G 2001 Ecologicl nd economic efficiency of enterprises (Voglog: VSTU) 60 p 3

5 Interntionl Conference on Energy Systems-2007 (ICES-2017) IOP Conf. Series: Journl of Physics: Conf. Series (2018) doi : / /1066/1/ [15] Temporry methodology for determining preventble environmentl dmge: Chirmn of the Stte Committee of the Russin Federtion for Environmentl Protection