HEAT TREATMENTS IN ROMANIA -Current Status and Forecasts-

Transcription

1 HEAT TREATMENTS IN ROMANIA -Current Status and Forecasts- Abstract: The paper approaches the evolution of the commercial heat treatments in Romania during The main changes occurred in the Romanian heat treatments market during this period of time are shown on Romanian geographic areas. A quantitative approaching of the main categories of heat treatments and an estimation of the 0-0 evolution in the field is also given. During the heat treatments in Romania had known a strong development, each company having its own shops. The great companies involved in the building of tractors, trucks, cars, railway engines and cars, equipment for petroleum industry had large heat treatments shops where had worked around 00 people. During the above mentioned industrial companies had known a severe decreasing or closing of their activity due to diminishing of the markets. A small part of the heat treatments shops still remained into operation have developed new investments or have modernized their installations. After 000, many foreign companies, join-venture companies and Romanian SME s companies involved in the field of metallic materials processing have entered on the Romanian heat treatments market and as result the necessity of development of the heat treatments services have appeared. In 00, the first commercial heat treatments factories were founded, one of these taking the endowment of a heat treatment shop from ucharest and another being entirely new. Also, in this period, the Romanian companies taken by foreign companies, as are Dacia Renault, Timken, Daewoo, Alro, Star-Transmission and Tenaris made large investments in the heat treatments shops. During 00-00, other - heat treatments companies were opened. Actually, on the Romanian market are available independent heat treatment companies, two of these having vacuum furnace in their endowment. The strong development of the automotive production at DACIA-Renault lead to the development of new production capacities in the field of production of automotive parts. The heat treatments shops of the Romanian private companies with field of activity the producing of the automotive parts, aerospace parts, petroleum equipment, energy equipment and agriculture equipment have been also modernized. In these companies, the refurbisments were especially dedicated to achieving of minimal conditions requested by the ISO quality system and less to increasing of the productivity, reduction of the energy and technological consumptions and to achieving of a complex automation. The main geographic areas which had known in the latest years an important industrial development through the development of industrial parks and which are continuously attractive for foreign companies that are in process of transferring of their production activities here, in Romania, are (fig.):. South Zone - encloses ucharest and counties: Argeş, Ilfov, Dâmboviţa and Prahova - had known a strong industrial development. In this zone the following factories as Dacia-Renault Colibaşi (automotive); Timken(bearings), Uztel (Ploieşti), Upetrom (Ploiesti), Camerom Câmpina (petroleum equipment) are carry on their activities. Also, in the same zone there are a great number of companies which has as field of activity the producing of the automotive parts and subassemblies. An important increasing of the industrial production activity is foreseen for counties: Ialomiţa, Giurgiu and Teleorman also placed in the South zone.. The Center Zone - encloses the counties of rasov, Sibiu, Alba, Cluj, Mures with the main industrial towns raşov and Sibiu. In this zone are available many companies for automotive parts and subassemblies, tractors, machines for agriculture, assembling parts (bearings, screws) and also for tools and dies. Developments of the trucks and tractors industry, electric components and aerospace industry (choppers) are foreseen in this zone.

2 The West Zone - encloses the counties Caraş-Severin, Timiş, Arad and ihor - being placed at the old border with European Union (through Hungary) had already known a strong industrial development, especially in the field of automotive industry by means of different factories opened in the towns Timişoara, Arad, Curtici, Lipova, Reşiţa, Caransebeş. In this zone is foreseen an increasing of the industrial production in the field of energy industry (reducers - Reşiţa), lifting equipment (Caransebeş), dies (Timişoara, Arad, Oradea). This zone is particularly interesting because the activities could be extended at locations of Hungary and Serbia placed at the borders with Romania.. The North Zone - encloses the counties Sălaj, Satu-Mare, Maramureş, Suceava, istriţa, less developed in the past, by industrial point of vue, actually knows an increasing of the industrial production both in the field of automotive industry and also in the mining and machine buildings industries. The most industrial development will be in the towns Satu-Mare, aia-mare, istriţa, eclean, Zalău.. The South-Est Zone - encloses the counties uzău, Focşani, răila, Galaţi having companies with activity in the field of naval installations, ship-building industry, siderurgy, wire industry, hydraulic components, equipment for concrete industry. Some of the companies of these zones have their own heat treatments shops with large furnaces having a high level and high energy consumptions.. Dobrogea - encloses the counties Tulcea and Constanţa - highly industrialized due to the activities of ship building industry, production and repairing of the naval equipment and also due to the development of the petrochemical industry and harbour industry. In this zone the heat treatment industry is low developed.. The South-Est Zone encloses the counties Olt, Vâlcea, Dolj, Gorj and Mehedinţi - the main activities being: producing and processing of the Al alloys, automotive industry, mining equipment industry, naval equipment industry (the major towns of this zone are Danube harbours). In this zone the heat treatments requests are in continuously increasing but is a lack of commercial heat treatments factories, being available only in house heat treatments shops.. The Est Zone - encloses the counties of Moldova- acău, Vaslui, Suceava, Iaşi, otoşani and Neamt. Anexa Fields of activity Vinga Periam Jimbolia Pecica Dumbravita Curtici Lipova ocsa Carei Marghita Alejd eclean Stei Ineu Aiud laj Sebes Cugir Orastie Hunedoara Filiasi Petrosani Turda HARTHA Dragasani Nasaud Avrig Reghin Mioveni Costesti Fagaras Topoloveni Sighisoara Codlea Rosiori de Vede Gheorghieni Agnita Zarnesti Cimpulung Risnov Curtea de Arges Moreni reaza Tirgu Secuiesc Sacele Campina Sinaia Gaesti Titu alotesti uftea Videle Plopeni Marasesti Oltenita Onesti Mizil Urziceni Automotive industry Aerospace-Defence- Railways Construction-Agriculture Tool and dies, Domestic Oil-Gas-Petrochemistry Energy, Mining Naval industry Mechanics parts Medgidia Navodari Navodari ATTIS Asociatia de Tratamente Termice si Ingineria Suprafetelor din Romania

3 This zone is less developed by industrial point of view that the other zones but has as advantage the available labour, reason for what in the near future this zone will receive a production transfer from Occident. In this zone could be easily developed heat treatments services also for companies from Ukraine and Moldova Republic due to its location at the Romanian borders with these states. As general approaching for the following - years could be the incoming of requests for - heat treatments factories especially in the West, Center, North and South-Est zones. The endowment of these factories have to be based on heat and thermochemical line in controlled atmospheres and especially discontinuous (batch furnaces) In Romania is more economic and easier to use the controlled atmosphere obtained from generators than to use an atmosphere produced by methanol and nitrogen. Requests for nitriding, nitrocarburising and vacuum furnaces will appear. The evolution of the heat treatment production between is shown below with particularization of the following technologies (fig. ): ) primary heat treatments applied to cast and forged parts Fig. Primary heat treatments market (annealing, normalizing, quenching and tempering for cast irons and forgings (x000t/year) ) heat treatments in controlled atmosphere Fig. Controlled atmosphere heat treatments market (x000t/year)

4 ) thermochemical treatments Fig. Thermochemical treatments market (x000t/year) ) vacuum heat treatment (quenching and tempering) Fig. Vacuum treatments market (x0 t/year) For the period 0-0, an increasing of the demand for heat and thermochemical treatments, especially heat and thermochemical treatments in controlled atmosphere (carburizing, carbonitridings, nitriding, nitrocarburizings) and also the vacuum heat treatment request are expected. Investment in this field will be carried out both in existing companies (in-house) and in new commercial heat treatment plants. Taking into consideration that the investment in this field of activity are relatively high, it is estimated that will by made by foreign specialized companies. Due to the fact that an important proportion of the production costs is composed of utilities (power, heating gases, technological gases, water) and labour, the equipment that will be purchased, have to be chosen in a such a way as the heat losses to be as low as possible, the charging devices to have a weight as low as possible with a view of decreasing the power losses and also the automation level to be high. The process control has to be performed with control, measure and adjustment systems with high accuracy using software based on mathematical models for the heat and mass transfer.

5 References: [] Leontin Druga, Heat Treatment Evolution during , Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering revue, vol XI, p. -0, 0 [] *** Romanian Heat Treatment and Surface Engineering Association, archive Leontin Druga, Professor ld@uttis.ro