UNFCCC negotiations: state of play after Warsaw COP, on the way to Lima and Paris

Transcription

1 UNFCCC negotiations: state of play after Warsaw COP, on the way to Lima and Paris Intended Nationally Determined Contributions Workshop Baku, 7 August 2014

2 UN Climate Change Convention The ultimate objective of the UN Climate Change Convention is to stabilize greenhouse gas concentrations and prevent dangerous interference with the climate system. It should be achieved within a time-frame sufficient to allow ecosystems to adapt naturally to climate change, to ensure that food production is not threatened, and to enable economic development to proceed in a sustainable manner.

3 Durban Platform Durban Platform the decision of COP17 to agree by 2015 a protocol, another legal instrument or an agreed outcome with legal force under the Convention applicable to all Parties

4 Political goals before Warsaw COP19/CMP9 Effective implementation of the previous COP decisions, in particular the decisions od COP16/CMP6 (Cancun), COP17/CMP7 (Durban), COP18/CMP9 (Doha) Laying the foundation able to support the functions and the structure of the future agreement Developing and adopting a strategy for expeditious implementation of the already taken decisions on among others - adaptation, capacity building, technology cooperation and financial mechanism Building up confidence in the process - transparent, inclusive, open to everybody, instilling in Parties and in other stakeholders a sense of ownership.

5 COP19/CMP9 Poland why again? Strong commitment to multilateral process. Eastern European Group hold COP Presidency 4 times, but the only two COPs organised in EEG countries were COPs 14 and 19 (Poznań and Warsaw) Poland is one of the biggest success stories in the world. Economic transformation means 32% lower CO2 emissions comparing to the base year with more than 200% bigger economy. Decoupling of growth and emissions is a reality Since signing Kyoto, the employment in the coal mining sector in Poland has fallen by 74%, so did the production from more than 200 mio to about 70 mio tonnes. The emissions continue to decline despite of economic growth.

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7 Population is growing

8 Population is growing what are the consequences? 9 billion people on this planet very soon, deserve decent and secure life Energy, water & food security - three major, indispensable basic needs and rights of every human being on the planet. Having access to those is not a luxury it is a matter of survival. There is, however, another basic right of every society and every nation - the right to develop - grow and improve economy as well as life standards. The new manpower will be a very important asset and competitive advantage of the fastest growing nations. The scarcity of available natural resources will remain a major challenge, so we need to use them wisely in an efficient and sustainable manner.

9 Sustainable development means growth Climate policy is not an austeritry measure but development opportunity. Sustainability means wisdom, innovation, efficiency, good governance, inclusion of social aspects in the equation. It is an undisputed paradigm of social and economic development. The innovation lays in the ability to build real economy, based on value chain, able to manufacture real products and offer real services. Indigenous knowledge, traditional wisdom is an asset to be used along with the latest technological achievements and not against it. Innovation does not mean replacement and forgetting of local wisdom. It must be complimentary - not contradictory.

10 Sustainable development new paradigm The world needs a significant shift in its development paradigm. Countries must grow and reduce carbon footprint as they create new jobs and alleviate poverty. All economies, those developed and emerging, must continue to sustain and tend to their populations needs while decoupling growth from the use of natural resources. At the same time we observe the relocation of manufacturing capacity. The biggest manufacturing hub is emerging. It is not only China, but also entire South East Asia. According to experts the region will be providing more than 50% of manufactured goods globally by 2030.

11 Adaptation Framework Climate is changing and all nations - both developed and developing are suffering from violent impacts. Adaptation is a matter of survival, especially in the developing countries, and also pre-condition for investments in climate resilient and low emission infrastructure including power generation, transmition grids, roads, houses. Small Island, mountanous are suffering from both extreme weather and slow onset events. The decision on Loss & Damage had been mandated by Doha COP and COP19 had successfully established Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage. Adaptation agenda is gaining on importance. The First Adaptation Forum will take place in Warsaw.

12 Loss & Damage

13 COP19/CMP9 2 years ahead of COP in Paris Joint efforts of Poland and the two countries following us in a role of COP/CMP Presidency - Peru and France. Poland Peru and France act as troika, supporting each other in managing the challenge. The 2015 agreement in Paris can only be agreed if all Parties make and effort and the three will be guiding the Parties into this direction.

14 Troika continues working together

15 COP19/CMP9 - Laying a foundation under the new agreement Laying the foundation under the agreement which would not only be agreeable to all but also be ratifiable, included clear guidance for the 2014 negotiations - the first draft of negotiating text should be agreed by the COP 20 in Lima. The text must be distributed in all UN languages by end of May 2015, otherwise Paris COP will not be able to conclude the agreement. It would be a major failure. ADP Decision in Warsaw: established such a timetable, determined the elements of the agreement, invited all Parties to start their domestic preparations of INDCs in 2014.

16 COP19/CMP9 - Trust building & involvement of stakeholders No agreement could be decided in Paris unless there is a trust amongst the Parties and everybody's sovereign rights are respected. We also need involvement of stakeholders. Business community, the local and subnational authorities are very important contributors but also initiators of action on the ground. Both business leaders and the mayors are invited to the round table discussion with ministers and civil society. It will be the first ever discussion with representation of business during the precop.

17 COP19/CMP9 - Role of Cities The cities are increasingly contributing, both directly and indirectly, to emissions but it also means that actions on local level are more meaningful either in mitigating pollution or adapting to changing climate. The urbanisation factor will continue to growth. Without proper addressing of problems of cities infrastructure, of housing and buildings' energy performance, without introducing efficient public transport systems etc. we won't be able to change the emission pattern. Any climate policy, must include actions by cities and should provide with the necessary assistance both in terms of regulatory framework and financial support

18 COP19/CMP9 Involving stakeholders Warsaw COP for the first time included participation of Business Leaders in political debate, starting from "Business PreCOP" on the 2nd of October, with Business Day on 20th of November The growing role of Cities was highlighted thanks to the Mayors' Summit and the Day of the Cities on the 21st November Both mitigation and adaptation had been addressed by both stakeholders groups with a view on reinforcing their participation in the future. They will need to take their part of responsibility for demonstrating the evidence of the adverse effects of climate change to the public opinion and media. ADP recognised it in their decision. Follow up in Bonn, in June 2014 during Expert Meetings

19 Timeline from Lima to Paris 23 September 2014, NY UNSG Leaders Summit October 2014, Bonn ADP negotiations 4-7 November 2014 pre- COP Venezuela, with social partners 1-12 December 2014 COP20 Lima, Peru define scope of information for INDCs 1Q 2015 INDCs 31 May 2015 deadline for distribution of the text 30 November 11 December 2015 COP21 in Paris.

20 Overview of Warsaw Decisions Decisions on Warsaw International Mechanism on Loss and Damage Executive Committee Package of finance decisions including decisions on: relation between GCF and COP; initial mobilization of resources for the GCF before Lima; establishing a process for further consideration of mobilizing finance before 2020; developed countries providing 10 bln USD annually. 100mln USD secured for the Adaptation Fund. Warsaw Framework for REDD+ (Reduced Emissions from Deforestation and Degradation) - for protection of the tropical forests. Finalizing the package of decisions on Monitoring, Reporting and Verification system completion of the framework for ICA/IAR.

21 Warsaw Framework for REDD+ 9/CP.19 Work program on results based finance to progress the full implementation of the activities referred to in decision 1/CP 16 10/CP.19 Coordination of support for the implementation of REDD+ - institutionals arrangements 11/CP.19 Modalities for National forest monitoring systems 12/CP.19 timing and the frequency of presentation of the summary of information on how all the safeguards are being addressed and respected 13/CP.19 Guidelines and procedures for the technical assesmet of FREL/FRL 14/CP.19 Modalities for measuring, reporting and verifying 15/CP.19 Addressing the driversof deforestratin and forest degradation

22 What needs to be decided in Lima? (among others) Methodological issues for Kyoto Protocol (5,7,8 decision, end date for expert reviews) Mechanisms NMM, NMA, FVA Further decisions on finance (taken directly by the COP and prepared by the Standing Committee for Finance. Composition of the Executive Committee for L&D as well as the work programme. Decision making in UNFCCC Scope of information to be provided with INDCs Elements of the agreement for finalisation of the draft text

23 Thank you for your attention