Which do you like better? Which do you like better? Which do you like better? Which do you like better? Which do you like better?

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2 iodiversity What do you think biodiversity means? What does io mean? io = iodiversity What does Diversity mean? Diversity = Variety iodiversity is the variety of life on Earth and the essential interdependence of all living things Scientists have identified more than 1.4 million species. Millions more remain unknown The tremendous variety of life on Earth is made possible by complex interactions among all living things including microorganisms. iodiversity is also defined as the number and variety of different species in a given area 2

3 There are 3 components of biodiversity 1. Genetic Diversity Refers to all the different genes contained within all members of a population Chihuahuas, eagles, and Rottweilers are all the same species but there is variety in their genes. There are 3 components of biodiversity 2. Species Diversity Refers to all the differences between populations of species, as well as between different species. For example, monkeys, dragonflies, and meadow beauties are all different species. Chihuahua eagle Rottweiler Saki Monkey Golden Skimmer Meadow eauty There are 3 components of biodiversity 3. Ecosystem Diversity Refers to the variety of habitats, communities, and ecological processes within and between ecosystems. Lakes, Ponds, and Rivers are all Freshwater Ecosystems. Rocky coast, Sand Dune, Estuary, Salt Marsh, Coral Reef are all Marine Ecosystems. ECOSYSTEM DEFINITION self-contained community of varied species of animals and plants that interact with each other and with their physical environment. For Example: a rock pool So what s an ECOSYSTEM??? Which is more diverse? 3

4 Which is more diverse? Which is more diverse? Which is more diverse? Which has more cultural diversity? Which has more biodiversity? Which has more biodiversity? 4

5 enefits of iodiversity There are many ways that humans clearly use and benefit from the variety of lifeforms on Earth. iodiversity may be more important than we realize. What do we get from biodiversity? Oxygen Food Clean Water Medicine esthetics Ideas Species are Connected to Ecosystems Every species is probably either dependent on or depended upon by at least one other species in an ecosystem. Should we be concerned about biodiversity? What we know: The Earth is losing species at an alarming rate Some scientists estimate that as many as 3 species per hour are going extinct and 20,000 extinctions occur each year. When species of plants and animals go extinct, many other species are affected. Keystone Species species that is critical to the functioning of an ecosystem. Examples: Sea otter to kelp beds 5

6 Species and Population Survival The level of genetic diversity greatly increases the survival of a species. Medical, Industrial, and gricultural Uses Many foods, clothing, shelters, and medicines are derived from a variety of organisms. Undiscovered and poorly studied species represent a source of potential products. Small and isolated populations are less likely to survive environmental changes Ethics, esthetics, and Recreation Some believe that biodiversity should be preserved for ethical reasons. Species and ecosystems have the right to exist Whether or not they have value Ethics, esthetics, and Recreation People also value biodiversity for aesthetic or personal enjoyment Keeping pets, camping, picking wildflowers, or watching wildlife Ecotourism is defined as tourism that supports conservation and sustainable development of ecologically unique areas iodiversity at RISK!! Currently, the rate of extinction is estimated to have increased by a multiple of 50 since 1800! Mass extinctions typically occur due to a global climate change. What is causing this mass extinction? 6

7 The Five Global Mass Extinctions Mass extinction- when large numbers of species went extinct over a relatively short period of time. Endangered vs. Threatened species that is likely to become extinct if protective measures are not taken immediately species that has a declining population and is likely to become endangered if not protected Threats to biodiversity Habitat destruction Fragmentation Species Introductions Exploitation, Hunting, Poaching Pollution THE GRETEST THRET 7

8 Habitat Destruction Changing a habitat to suit human needs for housing, farming, etc. This displaces animals. s the human population grows, so does habitat destruction! HITT FRGMENTTION Fragmentation reaking up large habitats into smaller habitats. Creates an edge habitat where inner habitat used to be. Some plants and animals cannot adapt to these changes. Introduction of New Species Introduced species Flying Carp Zebra Mussel sian eetle Exotic Species species that is not native to a particular region n exotic species can threaten a native species that has no natural defenses against it Overconsumption Industrialized nations make up 25% of the world s population, but use 75% of its resources. US makes up only 5% of world s population--causes 33% of world s pollution! 8

9 Poaching Many countries have laws to regulate hunting, fishing, harvesting, and trade of wildlife. In poorer countries, this still persists in the form of poaching, which is illegally doing any of the above. Land Pollution Pollution Pesticides, cleaning agents, drugs, and other chemicals have long term effects on varied species. cid rain/ir pollution-these types of issues do not respect borders. US acid rain fell in Canada destroying sugar maple forests which upset the amount/quality of maple syrup produced. Water Pollution ir Pollution 9