INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED

Transcription

1 INDIAN OIL CORPORATION LIMITED EIA REPORT FOR THE PROPOSED BULK LPG STORAGE & BOTTLING FACILITY TIRUNELVELI BOTTLING PLANT AT SIPCOT INDUSTRIAL GROWTH CENTRE, GANGAIKONDAN VILLAGE, TIRUNELVELI TALUK & DISTRICT, TAMIL NADU

2 COMPLIANCE TO TERMS OF REFERENCE A. GENERIC TERMS OF REFERENCE S.No. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance 1 Executive summary Executive summary of the project is given in EIA report. 2 Introduction Introduction to the project is given in Chapter 1 i. Details of the EIA Consultant including NABET accreditation ii. Information about the project proponent iii. Importance and benefits of the project Described in Chapter 11 Page of EIA Report. Information about the project proponent is given in Chapter 1, Given in Chapter 1, Page No.2 and Chapter 8 pg. no i. Cost of project and time of completion crores. Upon obtaining Environmental Clearance, M/s IOCL will commence LPG bottling at the Indane Bottling Plant. ii. Products with capacities for the proposed project. iii. If expansion project, details of existing products with capacities and whether adequate land is available for expansion, reference of earlier EC if any. iv. List of raw materials required and their source along with mode of transportation. v. Other chemicals and materials required with quantities and storage capacities vi. Details of Emission, effluents, hazardous waste generation and their management. vii. Requirement of water, power, with source of supply, status of approval, water balance diagram, man-power requirement (regular and contract) viii. Process description along with major equipments and machineries, process flow sheet(quantative) from raw material to products to be provided LPG throughput of 1,20,000 MTPA through 2 LPG Filling Carousels. Details of the same are given in Chapter 2, Page no. 32. Not Applicable, Since this is a new project. LPG from M/s Indian Oil Petronas Pvt Ltd (Athipattu, Chennai) will be received through bullet trucks. & stored in mounded bullets of capacity 3 x 600MT (total 1800MT). Details of the same are given in Chapter 2, Section 2.6, Page no. 34. Details of the same are given in Chapter 2, Section 2.6, Page no. 35. Details are given in Chapter 2, Section 2.11,2.12, Page no Details are given in Chapter 2, Section 2.9, Page no Details are given in Chapter 2. ix. Hazard identification and details of proposed safety system Details of the hazard identification are given in the risk assessment report

3 x. Expansion/modernization proposals: a. Copy of all the Environmental Clearance(s) including Amendments thereto obtained for the project from MOEF/SEIAA shall be attached as an Annexure. A certified copy of the latest Monitoring Report of the Regional Office of the Ministry of Environment and Forests as per circular dated 30th May, 2012 on the status of compliance of conditions stipulated in all the existing environmental clearances including Amendments shall be provided. In addition, status of compliance of Consent to Operate for the ongoing Iexisting operation of the project from SPCB shall be attached with the EIA-EMP report. enclosed in Annexure 6. Details of the safety system are given in Chapter 2. Not Applicable, Since this is a new project. b. In case the existing project has not obtained environmental clearance, reasons for not taking EC under the provisions of the EIA Notification 1994 and/or EIA Notification 2006 shall be provided. Copies of Consent to Establish/No Objection Certificate and Consent to Operate (in case of units operating prior to EIA Notification 2006, CTE and CTO of FY ) obtained from the SPCB shall be submitted. Further, compliance report to the conditions of consents from the SPCB shall be submitted. 4 Site Details i. Location of the project site covering village, Taluka/Tehsil, District and State, Justification for selecting the site, whether other sites were considered. ii. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km and site location on 1:50,000/1:25,000 scale on an A3/A2 sheet. (including all ecosensitive areas and environmentally sensitive places) iii. Details w.r.t. option analysis for selection of site iv. Co-ordinates (lat-long) of all four corners of the site. v. Google map-earth downloaded of the project site. Not Applicable, Since this is a new project. Details of Project location are given in Chapter 2, Section 2.3 Page no Justification of site selection is given in Chapter 5,Page of the EIA report. A toposheet of the study area of radius of 10km is given in Section page 27 of the EIA report. Justification of site selection is given in Chapter 5,Page Details are given in Chapter 2 Google map-earth is given in Chapter 2, Figure 2.1, Page 22 of the EIA report.

4 vi. Layout maps indicating existing unit as well as proposed unit indicating storage area, plant area, greenbelt area, utilities etc. If located within an Industrial area/estate/complex, layout of Industrial Area indicating location of unit within the Industrial area/estate. vii. Photographs of the proposed and existing (if applicable) plant site. If existing, show photographs of plantation/greenbelt, in particular. Layout map of the project site is given in Chapter 2, Figure 2.6, Page 31. Of the EIA report. Photographs of the project site are given in Chapter 2, Page 36 of the EIA report. viii. Landuse break-up of total land of the project site (identified and acquired), government/private - agricultural, forest, wasteland, water bodies, settlements, etc shall be included. (not ix. A list of major industries with name and type within study area (10km radius) shall be incorporated. Land use details of the study area x. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area shall be included. xi. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km radius of study area. If the site is within 1 km radius of any major river, peak and lean season river discharge as well as flood occurrence Landuse break-up of total land of the project site is given in Section 2.3.4, Page 30 of the EIA report A list of major industries with name is given in Page no. 103 of the EIA report. Geological features and Geo-hydrological status of the study area are given in Section 3.7 Page of the EIA report. Details of Drainage of the project upto 5km radius of study area are given in Section3.4, Page 58. xii. Status of acquisition of land. If acquisition is not complete, stage of the acquisition process and expected time of complete possession of the land. xiii. R&R details in respect of land in line with state Government policy Details of the lease deed with SIPCOT for land ownership is given in Annexure 1 Not applicable 5 Forest and wildlife related issues (if applicable): i. Permission and approval for the use of forest land (forestry clearance), if any, and Not Applicable Not Applicable

5 recommendations of the State Forest Department. (if applicable) ii. Landuse map based on High resolution satellite imagery (GPS) of the proposed site delineating the forestland (in case of projects involving forest land more than 40 ha) iii. Status of Application submitted for obtaining the stage I forestry clearance along with latest status shall be submitted. iv. The projects to be located within 10 km of the National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals, the project proponent shall submit the map duly authenticated by Chief Wildlife Warden showing these features vis-à-vis the project location and the recommendations or comments of the Chief Wildlife Wardenthereon. v. Wildlife Conservation Plan duly authenticated by the Chief Wildlife Warden of the State Government for conservation of Schedule I fauna, if any exists in the study area. vi. Copy of application submitted for clearance under the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972, to the Standing Committee of the National Board for Wildlife. 6 Environmental Status i. Determination of atmospheric inversion level at the project site and site-specific micrometeorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall. ii. AAQ data (except monsoon) at 8 locations for PM10, PM2.5, SO2, NOX, CO and other parameters relevant to the project shall be collected. The monitoring stations shall be based CPCB guidelines and take into account the pre-dominant wind direction, population zone and sensitive receptors including reserved forests. Not Applicable Not Applicable Not applicable, since no National Parks, Sanctuaries, Biosphere Reserves, Migratory Corridors of Wild Animals are located within 10 km from project site. Not applicable, since no Schedule I fauna exists in the study area. Not applicable. Details of site-specific, micrometeorological data using temperature, relative humidity, hourly wind speed and direction and rainfall are given in chapter 3 of the EIA Report. Details of AAQ data are given in Chapter 3, section 3.10, page of the EIA report.

6 iii. Raw data of all AAQ measurement for 12 weeks of all stations as per frequency given in the NAQQM Notification of Nov along with - min., max., average and 98% values for each of the AAQ parameters from data of all AAQ stations should be provided as an annexure to the EIA Report. iv. Surface water quality of nearby River (100m upstream and downstream of discharge point) and other surface drains at eight locations as per CPCB/MoEF&CC guidelines. Details of AAQ data are given in Chapter 3, section 3.10, page of the EIA report. Details of Surface water quality are given in Chapter 3, section 3.12, page 83 of the EIA report. v. Whether the site falls near to polluted stretch of river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC, if yes give details. vi. Ground water monitoring at minimum at 8 locations shall be included. vii. Noise levels monitoring at 8 locations within the study area. viii. Soil Characteristic as per CPCB guidelines. ix. Traffic study of the area, type of vehicles, frequency of vehicles for transportation of materials, x. Detailed description of flora and fauna (terrestrial and aquatic) existing in the study area shall be given with special reference to rare, endemic and endangered species. If Schedulexi. Socio-economic status of the study area. No, the site does not fall near to polluted stretch of river identified by the CPCB/MoEF&CC Details of Ground water quality monitoring are given in Chapter 3 of the EIA report. Details of noise level monitoring are given in Chapter 3 of the EIA report. Details of Soil Characteristic are given in Chapter 3 of the EIA report. Details of traffic study are given in Chapter 3 of the EIA report. Details of description of flora and fauna are given in Chapter 3 of the EIA report. Socio-economic status of the study area are given in Chapter 3 of the EIA report.

7 7 Impact and Environment Management Plan i. Assessment of ground level concentration of pollutants from the stack emission based on site-specific meteorological features. In case the project is located on a hilly terrain, the AQIP Modelling shall be done using inputs of the specific terrain characteristics for determining the potential impacts of the project on the AAQ. Cumulative impact of all sources of emissions (including transportation) on the AAQ of the area shall be assessed. Details of the model used and the input data used for modelling shall also be provided. The air quality contours shall be plotted on a location map showing the location of project site, habitation nearby, sensitive receptors, if any. ii. Water Quality modelling - in case of discharge in water body iii. Impact of the transport of the raw materials and end products on the surrounding environment shall be assessed and provided. In this regard, options for transport of raw materials and finished products and wastes (large quantities) by rail or rail-cum road transport or conveyor cum- rail transport shall be examined. iv. A note on treatment of wastewater from different plant operations, extent recycled and reused for different purposes shall be included. Complete scheme of effluent treatment. Characteristics of untreated and treated effluent to meet the prescribed standards of discharge under E(P) Rules. v. Details of stack emission and action plan for control of emissions to meet standards. vi. Measures for fugitive emission control No emissions are generated during the operations as the entire bottling process is carried out through pipelines from Storage Area to Filling Shed. Adequate sensors are provided for detection of any leaks. Not applicable as there is no discharge into water body LPG will be transported through bullet trucks (from M/s IPPL) through roadways to the Bottling Plant bullet trucks and will arrive / depart once the bottling operation commences. Washing water generated from cylinder washing will be diverted to sedimentation traps fitted with separator & purified water will be reused for cylinder washing. There will be no process / trade effluent generated during operations. No emissions are generated during the operations as the entire bottling process is carried out through pipelines from Storage Area to Filling Shed. Adequate sensors are provided for detection of any leaks. D.G sets & Fire Engines have been fitted with stacks of adequate height to disperse the pollutants. Fugitive VOC emissions from cylinder filling & storage area will be drawn through Vapour Extraction Unit & diverted to Cold Flare stack to disperse VOCs.

8 vii. Details of hazardous waste generation and their storage, utilization and management. Copies of MOU regarding utilization of solid and hazardous waste in cement plant shall also be included. EMP shall include the concept of wasteminimization, recycle/reuse/recover techniques, Energy conservation, and natural resource conservation. viii. Proper utilization of fly ash shall be ensured as per Fly Ash Notification, A detailed plan of action shall be provided. Spent oil generated will be disposed through TNPCB Authorized recyclers. Not applicable as there is no fly ash generation. ix. Action plan for the green belt development plan in 33 % area i.e. land with not less than 1,500 trees per ha. Giving details of species, width of plantation, planning schedule etc. shall be included. The green belt shall be around the project boundary and a scheme for greening of the roads used for the project shall also be incorporated. x. Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures at plant site shall be submitted to harvest rainwater from the roof tops and storm water drains to recharge the ground water and also to use for the various activities at the project site to conserve fresh water and reduce the water requirement from other sources. xi. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental pollution control measures shall be included. xii. Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring shall be submitted. Action plan for the green belt development plan is given in Chapter 9, Section 9.2.6, page Action plan for rainwater harvesting measures is given in section 9.2.5, Chapter 9, page 121. Total capital cost and recurring cost/annum for environmental pollution control measures are given in Section 9.5, Chapter 9, page 126 Action plan for post-project environmental monitoring is given in Chapter 6 of the EIA report. xiii. Onsite and Offsite Disaster (natural and Man-made) Preparedness and Emergency Management Plan including Risk Assessment and damage control. Disaster management plan should be linked with District Disaster Management Plan. 8 Occupational health i. Plan and fund allocation to ensure the occupational health & safety of all contract and casual workers. Details of Onsite and Offsite Disaster are given in the risk assessment report Annexure 6 of the EIA report. Details of the same are given in Chapter 9 of the EIA report. ii. Details of exposure specific health status Health check-up of working persons, for

9 evaluation of worker. If the workers' health is being evaluated by pre designed format, chest x rays, Audiometry, Spirometry, Vision testing (Far & Near vision, colour vision and any other ocular defect) ECG, during pre placement and periodical examinations give the details of the same. Details regarding last month analyzed data of above mentioned parameters as per age, sex, duration of exposure and department wise. iii. Details of existing Occupational & Safety Hazards. What are the exposure levels of hazards and whether they are within Permissible Exposure level (PEL). If these are not within PEL, what measures the company has adopted to keep them within PEL so that health of the workers can be preserved, iv. Annual report of heath status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and Safety. 9 Corporate Environment Policy i. Does the company have a well laid down Environment Policy approved by its Board of Directors? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA report. ii. Does the Environment Policy prescribe for standard operating process / procedures to bring into focus any infringement / deviation / violation of the environmental or forest norms /conditions? If so, it may be detailed in the EIA. iii. What is the hierarchical system or Administrative order of the company to deal with the environmental issues and for ensuring compliance with the environmental clearance conditions? Details of this system may be given. iv. Does the company have system of reporting of non compliances / violations of environmental norms to the Board of Directors of the company and / or shareholders or stakeholders at large? This reporting mechanism shall be detailed in the EIA report 10 Details regarding infrastructure facilities such as sanitation, fuel, restroom etc. to be provided to the labour force during construction as well as to the casual workers identifying occupational Health hazards, will be done during the operation phase. On-site medical officer will be available 3 days/week for periodic health monitoring. Adequate measures to control the Permissible Exposure level will be done. Annual report of heath status of workers with special reference to Occupational Health and Safety will be done during the operation phase. Details of the same are given in Chapter 9, section 9.4. Details of the same are given in Chapter 9, Details of the same are given in Chapter 9, Details of the same are given in Chapter 9, Adequate facilities will be provided.

10 including truck drivers during operation phase. 11 Enterprise Social Commitment (ESC) i. Adequate funds (at least 2.5 % of the project cost) shall be earmarked towards the Enterprise Social Commitment based on Public Hearing issues and item-wise details along with time bound action plan shall be included. Socio-economic development activities need to be elaborated upon. 12 Any litigation pending against the project and/or any direction/order passed by any Court of Law against the project, if so, details thereof shall also be included. Has the unit received any notice under the Section 5 of Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 or relevant Sections of Air and Water Acts? If so, details thereof and compliance/atr to the notice(s) and present status of the case. 13 A tabular chart with index for point wise compliance of above TOR. Public Hearing is Exempted as per 7(i) III Stage (3)(i)(b) of EIA notification, Details of the CSR activities are given in Chapter 8. Not applicable. Complied B. SPECIFIC TERMS S.No. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance 1 Details on list of hazardous chemicals to be stored along with storage quantities at the facility, their category (as per MSIHC Rules), MSDS. 2 Mode of receiving hazardous chemicals in isolated storages and mode of their dispatch. Details of the same are given in Chapter 7 and Annexure 6 of the EIA report. A detailed note on Mode of receiving hazardous chemicals in isolated storages and mode of their dispatch is given in Chapter 2, section 2.5 page 32 of the EIA report 3 Layout plan of the storage tanks and other associated facilities. 4 Details on types and specifications of the storage facilities including tanks, pumps, piping, valves, flanges, pumps, monitoring equipments, systems for emissions control safety controls including relief systems. Layout plan of the storage tanks and other facilities are given in Chapter 2 page 31 of the EIA report. Details on specifications of the storage facilities including tanks, pumps, piping, valves, flanges, pumps, monitoring equipments, systems for emissions control safety controls are given in Chapter 2, section 2.7, page no.35 and

11 Annexure 6. 5 Arrangements to control loss/leakage of chemicals and management system in case of leakage. Leakage of chemicals and management system in case of leakage is done through a gas detector system a Note of the same is enclosed in Chapter 2, Section Risk Assessment & Disaster Management Plan Identification of hazards Details of the same are given in Chapter 7 and Annexure 6 of the EIA report. Consequence Analysis Details of the same are given in Chapter 7 and Annexure 6 of the EIA report. Details of the same are given in Annexure 6. Details of domino effect of the storage tanks and respective preventive measures including distance between storage units in an isolated storage facility. Onsite and offsite emergency preparedness plan. B. Additional TOR Details of the same are given in Annexure 6 of the EIA report. S.No. Terms of reference (TOR) Compliance 1. Public hearing is exempted as per para 7(i) III Stage (3)(i)(b) of EIA Notification, 2006 for preparation of EIA/EMP Report, being site is located in the Notified industrial area. Copy of notification of industrial area to be submitted. A copy of the G.O declaring SIPCOT industrial Growth centre, Gangaikondan as a Notified industrial area is enclosed as Annexure 7.

12 TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter # Title Page Table of Contents List of Figures List of Tables Executive Summary 1 Introduction Purpose of the Report Identification of Project Identification of Project Proponent Brief description of Proposed Project Nature, Location & Size of the Project Need for the Project and its Importance Approach Methodology Study Period Need for EIA Structure of EIA Report Regulatory Framework and Environmental Legislations Legislative Background Regulatory Framework Environmental Legislations Applicable Environmental Standards 12 2 Project Description Type Of Project Need For The Project Site Characteristics Location Connectivity Environmental Settings Land Requirement Magnitude of Operation Description of Process Raw Material Requirements Infrastructure at the Facility Description of Mounded Bullets Power Requirement Manpower Requirement Freshwater Requirement Pollution Control Measures Proposed Wastewater Generation Solid Waste Generation & Disposal 39

13 2.14 Details on Fire Protection System Rainwater and storm water drainage network Project Cost 47 3 Description of Environment Introduction Scope of baseline study Rainfall & Climate Drainage Geomorphology Soil Ground water scenario Landuse Seismicity Air Environment Noise Environment Water Environment Soil Environment Ecological Environment Socio-Economic Environment 98 4 Anticipated Environmental Impacts & Mitigation 104 Measures 4.1 Introduction Impacts During Construction Phase Impacts During Operation Phase Impact on Ambient Air Environment Impact on Water Environment Raw Water Consumption Domestic Sewage Generation & Disposal Effluent Generation & Disposal Impact on Ambient Noise Environment Impact on Land Environment Impact on Socio-Economic Environment Analysis of Alternatives (Technology & Site) Site Selection Criteria Technology Selection Criteria Mounded Bullets Environmental Monitoring Program Ambient Air Quality Risk Assessment Study Brief Summary of Risk Assessment Study Project Benefits Introduction 118

14 8.2 Direct Benefits Indirect Benefits Corporate Social Responsibility Environmental Management Plan Introduction Management During Operation Phase Air Environment Management Water Environment Management Noise Environment Management Solid & Hazardous Waste Management Rainwater & Storm Water Drainage Network Green Belt Development Environmental Management Cell Safety, Health and Environmental Policy Environmental Management Costs Summary & Conclusion Salient Features Of The Project Overall Justification For Implementation Of The Project Explanation On Environmental Mitigation Conclusion Disclosure of Consultant Introduction Services Of ABC Techno Labs India Private Limited Sectors Accredited by NABET Study Team 134 LIST OF ANNEXURES Annexure # Title 1 Lease Deed 2 Consent To Establish (CTE) 3 Consent To Operate (CTO) 4 PESO License 5 TN Fire & Rescue Services NOC 6 Risk Assessment Report 7 Notification Declaring SIPCOT, Gangaikondan as Notified Industrial Area

15 LIST OF FIGURES Figure # Title Page # 2.1 Google Image of the Project Site Map showing the location of the project site Map showing connectivity around the project site Topo sheet (5km & 10km surrounding project site) Landuse classification map (5km & 10km surrounding project site) Site layout Process flow chart Photograph of mounded bullet Photograph of mounded bullet Water Balance Chart Firewater storage tanks Fire Hydrant Layout Storm Water Layout Average Rainfall of last five years Wind rose for the month of February Wind rose for the month of March Wind rose for the month of April Drainage Map (10 km) of the Project Hydrogeology Map of Tirunelveli District Map Showing depth to water level in Pre-monsoon Map Showing depth to water level in Post-monsoon Land Use/ Land Cover Map within 10 km of the Project Site Map showing seismic tectonic zone Map Showing Air Quality Monitoring Locations Map showing the location of Noise level monitoring stations Map showing Water quality monitoring locations Map showing the location soil sampling stations Avenue Plantation at entrance Greenbelt around Administrative Building Health, Safety & Environmental Policy of IOCL 125

16 LIST OF TABLES Table # Title Page # 1.1 Key Organizations and their functions National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), Source Emission Discharge Standards Specification of Diesel fuel for emission related parameters as per EPA rules, Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise Emission Standards for Boiler ( Small) Emission Limits for new diesel engine, generator sets (DG) up to 800 KW Effluent Standards for Dyes and Dye Intermediates Industry as EPA rules, Standards for Industrial & Sewage Effluents Environmental Settings of the Project Site Land use breakup Throughput (Before and After expansion) Mass balance for LPG bottling throughput (existing & proposed) List of equipments / facilities & number Details on D.G sets Water balance table Details on existing APCs List of fire protection Equipment s Environmental Attributes Frequency and monitoring Methodology Tirunelveli District Weather Report for the month of February Tirunelveli District Weather Report for the month of March Tirunelveli District Weather Report for the month of April Landuse classification Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Techniques used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Summary of Ambient Air Quality Result Noise Quality Monitoring stations Ambient Noise Level Ambient Noise Quality Standards Water quality monitoring locations Results for Water Analysis Soil Sampling Locations Soil Quality Results Standard Soil Classification List of Flora observed in the study area List of Fauna observed in the study area 97

17 3.20 Reserve Forests within 10 Km Radius of the Project Site Distribution of population in the study area Distribution of Population by Social Structure Distribution of Literate and Literacy Rates Occupational Structure Impact Prediction Matrix Environmental Monitoring Program Operation Phase Method of Testing PM 10 /PM Method of Testing SO Method of Testing NO X Recommendations of Risk Assessment Study Details on greenbelt plantation Responsibilities of Personnel of EMC EMP Budget Salient features of the project 127

18 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY I. PROJECT DESCRIPTION M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd has set up the Tirunelveli Bottling Plant at SIPCOT Gangaikondan village. The plant will function primarily as LPG receipt, storage & bottling unit for filling into cylinders. The present proposal has been submitted to MoEF-CC for obtaining EC for the existing bulk LPG storage capacity of 1800MT to achieve the consented LPG bottling throughput of 1,20,000MTPA. The throughput will be achieved by installing two LPG cylinder Filling Carousels each having 24 Filling Machines within the existing plant. Indane Bottling Plant at SIPCOT, Gangaikondan village will be operated by M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. The plant will function primarily as LPG receipt, storage & bottling unit for filling into cylinders. The plant operations are categorized as, 1. Receipt of product Receipt of bulk LPG from M/s IndianOil Petronas Pvt Ltd (M/s IPPL), a Joint Venture Company of IOC through bullet trucks of 18 MT capacity each. Bullet Truck unloading through 8 Decanting Bays. Bulk LPG transfer from 8 bays to LPG storage bullets. Storage of bulk LPG in 3 x 600 MT (1800 MT) mounded type LPG bullets. 2. Receipt of empty LPG cylinders & segregation Empty cylinders will be received from Indane distributors Defective and unfit cylinders will be segregated for rectification/repairs. Only sound empty cylinders will be taken for filling. 3. Bottling Pumping of bulk LPG to Carousal type LPG filling machines (2x24 machines) Bottling of LPG in 5, 14.2, 19 and 47.5 kg capacity LPG cylinders. On-line Quality Control Checks like weight, leakage, etc on filled cylinders 4. Loading into trucks Sound filled cylinders will be loaded into trucks for distributors Statistical Quality Control Checks are carried out before despatches to markets 5. Distribution Loaded packed cylinders trucks will carry the filled cylinders to our authorised Indane Distributors.

19 Filled cylinders will be stored in Explosive Licensed LPG godowns. Distributors will carry filled cylinders to our customers, deliver the filled cylinders after predelivery quality checks and take back empty cylinders from customers. Empty cylinders will be stored in LPG godowns and then brought back to bottling plant for refilling. II. DESCRIPTION OF THE ENVIRONMENT Primary baseline environmental monitoring studies were conducted during three months from February 2015 to April 2015 and details are as follows: METEOROLOGY The maximum and minimum temperature recorded during the study period is 34 C and 23 C. The relative humidity found varying from 60 to 83%. The predominant winds are mostly from Northwest, Northeast and Southeast directions. Maximum 63mm rainfall was recorded during study period. AIR ENVIRONMENT To establish the baseline status of the ambient air quality in the study area, the air quality was monitored at eight (8) locations. The maximum and minimum values of Ambient Air Quality monitoring are given in the following table: PM PM10,µg/m3 Locations 2.5,µg/m3 SO2,µg/m3 NOX,µg/m3 Min Max Min Max Min Max Min Max Project Site(AAQ1) Gangaikondan(AAQ2) Venkatasalapuram(AAQ3) BDL(<5) Alavanthankulam(AAQ4) Kattalai(AAQ5) BDL(<5) Thalaiyuthu(AAQ6) Nanjankulam(AAQ7) BDL(<5) Thathanuthu(AAQ8) The results of the monitored data indicate that the ambient air quality of the region in general is in conformity with respect to the norms of National Ambient Air Quality standards (NAAQS) of CPCB, with present level of activities.

20 NOISE ENVIRONMENT The noise monitoring has been conducted at seven (7) locations in the study area. Project site recorded highest value of 52.1 db (A) during day time. The lowest noise level was found to be 40.9 db (A) during night time. However the noise levels are found to be well within the CPCB standards. WATER ENVIRONMENT Six (6) groundwater samples and two (2) surface water samples within the study area were considered for assessment. The water samples were collected and analyzed during The ph of ground water in the study area varies between 6.66 and 7.82, Conductivity varies from 1012 to 2450 μs/cm, TDS values were found to be from 588 to1327mg/l and Total Hardness varied from mg/l. Total alkalinity also varies from 125 to 410 mg/l. The concentration of sodium in the studied samples varied from 97 to 265 mg/l. The potassium content ranged from 1 to 4.6 mg/l. The chloride content in the studied area ranged from mg/l. The sulphate, nitrate and fluoride content in the ground water are found to be within the IS in all the samples. SOIL ENVIRONMENT Seven locations within the study area were selected for soil sampling. It has been observed that the ph of the soil was ranging from 1.62 to 7.78, Conductivity of the soil ranges from to ms/cm. Since the EC value is less than 2mS/cm, the soil is said to be non-saline in nature. Soil organic content varied from 0.56 to 1.02% which indicates the low level of organic matter. ECOLOGICAL ENVIRONMENT There are no endemic and endangered species of flora within the study region. There is no wild life sanctuary, national park or bird sanctuary with in the 15 km radius of the project site. SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT As per 2011 census the study area consists of 71,148 persons inhabited in the study area of 10km radial distance from the periphery of the proposed plant. The males and females constitute 35,476 and 35,672 of the study area population respectively. The average

21 household size of the study area is 3.72 persons. In the study area, 25.29% of the population belongs to Scheduled Castes (SC) and 0.15% the population belongs to Scheduled Tribes (ST). The study area experiences total literacy rate of 73.10%. As per 2011 census records, altogether the main workers works out to be 43.86% of the total population. The non-workers constitute to 56.13of the total population respectively. III. ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES IMPACT ON AMBIENT AIR ENVIRONMENT The only point sources of emissions are D.G sets & Fire Engines. They have been fitted with stacks of adequate height to disperse the pollutants. Fugitive VOC emissions from cylinder filling & storage area will be drawn through Vapour Extraction Unit & diverted to Cold Flare stack to disperse VOCs. No emissions are generated during the bottling operations as the entire bottling process is carried out through pipelines from Storage Area to Filling Shed. IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT Total water requirement for the plant is 4KLD which is sourced through SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre, Gangaikondan village. There is no requirement for drawal of surface / groundwater or diversion from other sources. Domestic sewage generated will be disposed to septic tank & soak pits (3 nos.) of 2m x 1.5m x 1.5m each. Washing water generated from cylinder washing will be diverted to sedimentation traps fitted with separator & purified water will be reused for cylinder washing. There will be no process / trade effluent generated during operations. IMPACT ON AMBIENT NOISE ENVIRONMENT The only source of noise within the Bottling Plant during D.G set operation. DG sets are placed within acoustic enclosures. 33% of the plot area has been earmarked for greenbelt to contain the spread of noise emissions. IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT The Bottling Plant is located in the SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre and the proposed activities (LPG bottling) will be consistent with the landuse classification of the site (industrial land).

22 IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT Tirunelveli LPG BP shall be feeding domestic LPG not only to Tirunelveli District, but also other neighboring Districts of Tuticorin, Nagercoil, Kanniyakumari, Virudunagar in Tamil Nadu and Trivandrum, Kerala State. IV. ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAMME S. No Potential Impact Action to be Followed 1. Air Emissions Emissions from D.G sets & Fire Engines. AAQ within the project premises and nearby habitations to be monitored. Parameters for Monitoring Gaseous emissions (SPM, SO 2, NO X,CO) PM 10 &PM 2.5, SO 2 & NO X Frequency of Monitoring As per CPCB/SPCB requirement As per CPCB/SPCB requirement All vehicles to be PUC certified. Meteorological data 2. Noise Noise generated from operation of Compressor, DG sets to be monitored. 3. Wastewater Discharge 4. Solid waste/ Hazardous waste 5. Ground Water Quality and Water Levels 6. Flora and fauna No industrial or domestic waste water is discharged, hence no monitoring program is envisaged. Check compliance to HWM rules Monitoring ground water quality, around plant site and levels Vegetation, greenbelt / green cover development 7. Soil quality Checking & Maintenance of good soil quality around 8. Health Employees and migrant labours health check up. Vehicle logs to be maintained Wind speed, direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. Spot Noise Level recording; Quality & quantity monitoring Comprehensive monitoring as per IS Groundwater level BGL No. of plants, species Physico-chemical parameters and metals. All relevant parameters including HIV Continuous monitoring using automatic weather station Periodic during operation phase Periodically Periodically Once a year Once a year Regular checkups as per Factories Act. V. BENEFITS OF PROPOSED PROJECT The proposed project shall yield following benefits: Presently, there are no IOCL bottling plants in down south of Madurai, i.e. in the districts of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Kanyakumari and Nagercoil. There is a backlog at times during monsoon season and festival seasons. In order to overcome this problem, a bottling plant is very much necessary to be established in Tirunelveli to cater to the customers in the above districts so that there would not be a shortfall in supplies and customers will not be affected on any account.

23 Tirunelveli LPG BP shall be feeding this essential commodity (domestic LPG) not only to Tirunelveli District, but also other neighboring Districts of Tuticorin, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari, Virudunagar in Tamil Nadu and Trivandrum, Kerala State. Improves the quality of life of by overcoming the health implications arising due to the use biomass fuel like wood, dung and crop residues. The overhead costs incurred during LPG cylinder transport through roads ( trucks) from Madurai will be eliminated. There is an estimated saving of Rs Crores/annum to the nation towards logistic cost. VI. ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT PLAN AIR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT Adequate green belt has been developed to mitigate the pollution arising due to movement of vehicles. Regular monitoring of DG Stack and Ambient air quality monitoring will be carried out. WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT Sewage generated will be disposed through septic tanks & soak pits. Washing water generated from cylinder washing will be diverted to sedimentation traps fitted with oil separator & clarified water will be reused for cylinder washing. NOISE ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT All noise generating equipment s like LPG compressor, DG-Sets etc., will be provided with acoustic enclosure to help in attenuating the noise levels thereby the ambient noise levels will be maintained below the CPCB limits of 75 db(a) for industrial areas. SOLID & HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Municipal Solid waste generated onsite will be disposed will be disposed through local village body. Damaged cylinders and scraps will be sold to local scrap dealers.spent oil generated will be disposed through TNPCB Authorized recyclers. RAINWATER & STORM WATER DRAINAGE NETWORK Sizes of rain water harvesting tanks are 2.5 mtr in diameter with depth of 5 mtrs and have been filled with brick bats to collect the water in case of heavy rain. Size of rain water harvesting tanks: mtr in diameter with depth of 5 mtrs. GREENBELT DEVELOPMENT Green belt is being developed at 33% of total plot area. List of plants and the number of

24 samplings planted are given in the below table. Details of greenbelt plantation S. No. List of tree saplings Nos. 1 Neem Tree Flame of the forest Cassia Fistula Samaneasaman Teak Indian Almond Pongamiapinnata 340 Total 1670 SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF IOCL Health, Safety & Environmental Policy of IOCL

25 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT COSTS EMP Budget S. No. Description (Cost in lakhs rupee) Capital cost Recurring cost per annum 1. Gardening / Horticulture Rain water Harvesting Septic tank / soak pits Gas monitoring system Vapour extraction unit Monitoring of air and noise pollution (acoustic enclosure) 7. Water management cylinder washing unit and In line bath Total 142 Lakhs 8.2 Lakhs

26 1.1.PURPOSE OF THE REPORT CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd is an Indian state-owned oil and gas corporation with its headquarters in New Delhi, India. M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd has set up a LPG cylinder bottling plant i.e. Tirunelveli Bottling Plant with a LPG bottling capacity of 1,20,000 MTPA at SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre, Gangaikondan village, Tirunelveli Taluk & District, Tamil Nadu. The present proposal has been submitted to MoEF-CC for obtaining EC for the existing bulk LPG storage capacity of 1800MT to achieve the consented LPG bottling throughput of 1,20,000MTPA. The throughput will be achieved by installing two LPG Cylinder Filling Carousels each having 24 Filling Machines within the existing plant. The EIA Report has been preapared as per the TOR given vide Final minutes of meeting for 44th EAC (Industry-2) Meeting held during 20-21st July, IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT Blended LPG dosed with mercaptan will be transported through bullet trucks from M/s Indian Oil Petronas Pvt Ltd to the Tirunelveli Bottling Plant. The Bottling Plant has a storage capacity of 1800 MT (3 x 600MT) installed as mounded bullets. The Bottling Plant will operate strictly as a storage & packing facility for LPG into 5kg, 14.2kg, 19kg & 47.5kg cylinders. No by-products / additional products are generated / manufactured during the operations. The bottling capacity of Tirunelveli IBP will be 1,20,000 MTPA. 1.3 IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROJECT PROPONENT Indian Oil Corporation Limited is an Indian state-owned oil and gas corporation with its headquarters in New Delhi, India. It is the world's 88th largest corporation, according to the Fortune Global 500 list, and the largest public corporation in India when ranked by revenue. Indian Oil is the highest ranked Indian company in the latest Fortune Global 500 listings, th ranked at the 96P P position. The company is mainly controlled by Government of India which owns approximately 79% shares in the company. It is one of the seven Maharatna status companies of India, apart from Coal India Limited, NTPC Limited, Oil and Natural Gas Corporation, Steel Authority of India Limited, Bharat Heavy Electricals Limited and Gas Authority of India Limited. Indian Oil and its subsidiaries account for a 49% share in the petroleum products market, 31% share in refining capacity and 67% downstream sector pipelines capacity in India. The 1

27 Indian Oil Group of companies owns and operates 10 of India's 22 refineries with a combined refining capacity of 65.7 million metric tonnes per year. In FY 2012 IOCL sold million tonnes of petroleum products and reported a PBT of Rs billion, and the Government of India earned an excise duty of Rs billion and tax of INR10.68 billion BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT NATURE, LOCATION & SIZE OF THE PROJECT M/s. Indian Oil Corporation Ltd has set up the Indane Bottling Plant located at S.F nos. B37/pt to B43/pt, B50/pt, B51/pt, C30 to C41, C24/pt to C27/pt at SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre, Gangaikondan village, Tirunelveli Taluk & District, Tamil Nadu. LPG will be stored in above ground mounded bullets of 3 x 600MT storage capacity and the final bottling capacity of plant will be 1,20,000 MTPA NEED FOR THE PROJECT AND ITS IMPORTANCE There is an urgent requirement of setting up a new LPG Bottling Plant in the state of Tamil Nadu to meet the increasing LPG demand. Presently, there are no IOCL bottling plants in down south of Madurai, i.e. in the districts of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Kanyakumari and Nagercoil. In order to overcome this problem, a bottling plant is very much necessary to be established in Tirunelveli to cater to the customers in the above districts so that there would not be a shortfall in supplies and customers will not suffer for LPG refills on any account. Tirunelveli LPG BP shall be feeding this essential commodity (domestic LPG) not only to Tirunelveli District, but also other neighboring Districts of Tuticorin, Nagercoil, Kanniyakumari, Virudunagar in Tamil Nadu and Trivandrum, Kerala State APPROACH METHODOLOGY The primary objective of the EIA studies is to internalize and integrate the environmental concerns / aspects and mitigation measures due to the expansion of the production capacity in the existing plant. EIA study has been carried out with the following objectives: Collection of baseline attributes in study area. The EIA will cover one season baseline environmental data, as per the guidelines of MoEF, New Delhi. The scope includes collection of baseline data identify the various environmental parameters such as Air, Water, Soil, Noise levels, Socio - economic factors, land use factors, the status of the Flora- Fauna and wildlife in the adjoining areas of the proposed project site. 2

28 Identification, prediction, evaluation & mitigation of biophysical, social & other relevant effects of development on the environment during the operational phase of the proposed project using mathematical / simulation models as per applicable Indian law. Preparation of Risk Assessment & Emergency Preparedness / Disaster Management Plan for the project. Preparation of Environmental Management Plan (EMP) to be adopted for mitigation of the anticipated adverse impacts of the project during operational phase. Delineation of the post project environmental quality monitoring program as per the requirements of the regulatory authorities STUDY PERIOD For preparation of EIA report for the proposed project, the data was collected during the season (February 2015 to April 2015) of the study area. The micro climatic parameters were recorded using Automatic Weather Station for the study period. Wind speed, wind direction and relative humidity were recorded on hourly basis. Minimum & Maximum temperatures were also recorded during the study period NEED FOR EIA As per EIA Notification S.O. No 1533 issued on 14th September, 2006 and its subsequent amendments the proposed project is falling under Schedule 6(b) Isolated storage & handling of hazardous chemicals and Category B. Hence this project requires Environmental Clearance from MoEF. Accordingly the EIA Report has been prepared based on the Standard Terms of Reference issued by MoEFCC for Isolated Storage & Handling of Hazardous Chemicals (as per threshold planning quantity indicated in Column 3 of Schedule 2 & 3 of MSIHC Rules 1989 amended STRUCTURE OF EIA REPORT The generic structure of the Rapid Environmental Impact Assessment (REIA) study is as follows, Introduction Project description Description of the environment Present scenario of the land, air, water, biology and socio - economic environment Anticipated environmental impacts and its mitigation measures Environmental Monitoring Plan 3

29 Additional Studies Risk Assessment and Disaster Management Plan Project Benefits Environmental Management Plan Summary & Conclusion Disclosure of Consultants 1.8. REGULARY FRAMEWORK AND ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS LEGISLATIVE BACKGROUND The 1972 UN Conference on Human Development at Stockholm influenced the need for a well-developed legal mechanism to conserve resources, protect the environment and ensure health and well being of the people. Over the years, the Government of India has framed several policies and promulgated number of Acts, Rules and Notifications aimed at management and protection of the environment. As a result, India has incorporated a complex body of environmental legislation aimed at ensuring that development processes meet the overall objective of promoting sustainability in the long run. Moreover, at a higher level, the Indian Constitution has also incorporated specific articles to nd address environmental concerns through the 42P P Constitutional Amendment of As stated in the Constitution of India, it is the duty of the state (Article 48 A) to protect and improve the environment and to safeguard the forests and wildlife of the country. It imposes a duty on every citizen (Article 51 A) to protect and improve the natural environment including forests, lakes, rivers and wildlife. Reference to the environment has also been made in the Directive Principles of State Policy as well as the Fundamental Rights. It is important to mention over here that the Central Government framed an umbrella law, called the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 to broadly encompass and regulate an array of environmental issues. The overall purpose of EPA is to establish an overall coherent policy and provide a basis for coordinated work of various government agencies with operational responsibility for the protection of environment and natural resources. The legislation also invests authorities with regulatory powers to address specific issues affecting the environment. The Act also does not allow any person to carry on an industry, operation or process that discharge or emit any environmental pollutants in excess of standards prescribed under specific Rules and Notifications REGULATORY FRAMEWORK The Indian Constitution provides necessary directives and powers for framing and enforcing environmental legislation. The Ministry of Environment and Forests (MoEF), the Central 4

30 Pollution Control Board (CPCB) and State Pollution Control Boards (SPCBs) form the regulatory and administrative core. Table1.1 - Key Organizations and their functions Organizations Ministry of Environment & Forest (MoEF) Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) State Pollution Control Board (SPCB)/ Pollution Control Committee (PCC) for Union Territories Main functions Environment Policy Planning Ensure effective implementation of legislation Promotion of the Environmental Education, Training and Awareness Coordination with concerned agencies at the national and International levels Monitoring and Control of Pollution Environmental Clearances for Industrial and Developmental project (Category A as per EIA Notification, 2006). SEIAA (constituted by the Central Government/MoEF under sub-section (3) of section 3 of the EPA, 1986) give Environmental Clearance in case of Category B projects. Technical guidance for the Central Government on the matters concerning prevention, control and abatement of Water and Air pollution Planning and execution of nationwide programmes for the prevention, control or abatement of Water and Air Pollution Ensure compliance with the provisions of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 Co-ordinate and provide technical and research assistance to State Boards Lay down, modify or annul the standards for environmental attributes Planning and execution of state wide programmes for the prevention, control or abatement of Water and Air Pollution Technical Guidance for State Government on 5

31 ENVIRONMENTAL LEGISLATIONS prevention, control and abatement of Water and Air Pollution and sitting of industries Ensure compliance with the provisions of the relevant Acts Lay down, modify or annul the standards for various Environmental Attributes Ensure legal action against defaulters The proposed project shall abide the provisions of various environmental legislations. An outline of important environmental legislations is given below. 1. Wild Life (Protection) Act, 1972 amended in 1993 and 2002 The act was enacted with the objective of effectively protecting the wild life of this country and to control poaching, smuggling and illegal trade in wildlife and its derivatives. The Act was amended in January 2003 and punishment and penalty for offences under the Act have been made more stringent. The Ministry has proposed further amendments in the law by introducing more rigid measures to strengthen the Act. The objective is to provide protection to the listed endangered flora and fauna and ecologically important protected areas. In exercise of the powers of the Wildlife (Protection) Act, 1972 (53 of 1972), the following rules have been laid down, The Wildlife (Transactions and Taxidermy) Rules, The Wildlife (Stock Declaration) Central Rules, 1973 The Wildlife (Protection) Licensing (Additional Matters for Consideration) Rules, 1983 The Wildlife (Protection) Rules, The Wildlife (Specified Plants - Conditions for possession by licensee) Rules, The Wildlife (Specified Plant Stock Declaration) Central Rules, The National Board for Wild Life Rules, 2003 The Recognition of Zoo Rules, The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 amended in 1988 Its objective was to ensure that the domestic and industrial pollutants are not discharged into rivers, and lakes without adequate treatment. The reason is that such a discharge renders the water unsuitable as a source of drinking water, for the purposes 6

32 of irrigation and to support marine life. In order to achieve its objective Pollution Control Boards at Central and State levels were created to establish and enforce standards for factories discharging pollutants into bodies of water. The State Boards are empowered to issue Consent for Establishment (CFE) whenever a firm wanted to establish a new factory and also issue Consent for Operation (CFO) for existing factories. They were also given the authority to close factories or, in the case of disconnecting power and water supply, issue directions to the concerned Departments for enforcement of Boards standards In exercise of the powers of the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1974 following rule has been laid down, The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules, 1975 amended in The Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Cess Act, 1977 amended in 2003 It was enacted to provide for the levy and collection of a cess on water consumed by persons operating and carrying on certain types of industrial activities. This cess is collected with a view to augment the resources of the Central Board and the State Boards for the prevention and control of water pollution constituted under the Water (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, The Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980 amended in 1988 This Act provides for the conservation of forests and regulating diversion of forestlands for non-forestry purposes. When projects fall within forestlands, prior clearance is required from relevant authorities under the Forest (Conservation) Act, State governments cannot de-reserve any forestland or authorize its use for any non-forest purposes without approval from the Central government. In exercise of the powers of the Forest (Conservation) Act, 1980, The Forest (Conservation) Rules, 2003 has been laid down. 5. The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 amended in 1987 The objective of the Air Act of 1981 was to control and reduce air pollution. The working of this Act and the enforcement mechanisms are similar to that of Water Act. What was novel is that the Act also called for the abatement of noise pollution. In exercise of the powers of the Air Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981, the following rules have been laid down, The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Rules,

33 The Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) (Union Territories) Rules, The Environment (Protection) Act, 1986 amended in 1991 It was enacted with the objective of providing for the protection and improvement of the environment. It empowers the Central Government to establish authorities [under section 3(3)] charged with the mandate of preventing environmental pollution in all its forms and to tackle specific environmental problems that are peculiar to different parts of the country. In exercise of the powers conferred by sections 6 and 25 of the Environment (Protection) Act, 1906 (29 of 1986), the Central Government makes the Environment (Protection) Rules, 1986 amended in 1987, 1988, 1989, 1991, 1992, 1993 and The power conferred by the Environment Protection Act are followed under the following heads of Coastal Regulation Zone, Delegation of Powers, Eco-marks Scheme, Eco-sensitive Zone, Environmental Clearance, Environmental Labs, Environmental Standards, Hazardous Substances Management, Loss of Ecology, Noise Pollution, Ozone Layer Depletion, Water Pollution Under provisions of EPA, 1986 amended in 1991 the following rules have been laid down 6.1. The Manufacture, Storage and import of Hazardous Chemical Rules, 1989 amended in 2000 It defines the terms used in this context, and sets up an authority to inspect, once a year, the industrial activity connected with hazardous chemicals and isolated storage facilities The Chemical Accidents (Emergency Planning, Preparedness, and Response) Rules, 1996 The rules enacted for preparedness and response, during operation of on-site and Offsite Emergency Plans during chemical disaster. Under these Rules "State Crisis Group", "District Crisis Groups" and the "Local Crisis groups" should be constituted. The major functions of the State Crisis Group is to review all District Offsite Emergency Plans in the State, with a view to examine its adequacy and to assist the State Government in the planning, preparedness and mitigation during a major chemical accident, and to continuously monitor the post-accident situation arising out of major chemical accident in the State and to forward a report to the Central Crisis Group. The functions of the District Crisis Group are to assist in the preparation of the 8

34 district Off-Site Emergency Plan, review all the On-Site Emergency Plans and to assist the district administration in the management of chemical accident at a site and to continuously monitor chemical accidents. The District Crisis group is also required to conduct periodically mock-drill of a chemical accident at a site every year and to forward a report on the strength and the weakness of the Plan to the State Crisis Group. The "Local Crisis Group" is a body in the industrial pocket, to deal with chemical accident and to coordinate efforts in planning, preparedness and mitigation efforts during such an accident. Its duties require preparation of Local Emergency Plan for industrial pocket, dovetailing of Local Emergency Plan, with the district Offsite Emergency Plan and to train personnel in management of a chemical disaster and to educate the people (population) likely to be affected during a chemical accident about the remedies and existing preparedness and to periodcally conduct mock-drill of a chemical accident and to forward a report to the District Crisis Group The Environment (Sitting for Industrial Projects) Rules, 1999 It lays down detailed provisions relating to areas to be avoided for siting of industries, precautionary measures to be taken for site selecting as also the aspects of environmental protection which should have been incorporated during the implementation of the industrial development projects The Municipal Solid Wastes (Management and Handling) Rules, 2000 The MSW Rules provide a framework encompassing collection, transportation, treatment and disposal of municipal solid waste. These Rules are complemented by the existing Biomedical Waste Rules of 1998 and Hazardous Waste Rules of 1989 respectively, whereby disposal of these wastes along with usual urban municipal waste is prohibited. As per these Rules, every municipality is responsible for providing integrated services and infrastructure facilities for solid waste management within its jurisdiction. Its responsibilities are defined all the way from preparing the community for segregated collection to inoffensive storage, transportation, appropriate processing and safe disposal from environmental and health point of views The Ozone Depleting Substances (Regulation and Control) Rules, 2000 It have been laid down for the regulation of production and consumption of ozone depleting substances The Noise Pollution (Regulation and Control) (Amendment) Rules,

35 It lays down such terms and conditions as are necessary to reduce noise pollution, permit use of loud speakers or public address systems during night hours (between 10:00 p.m. to 12:00 midnight) on or during any cultural or religious festive occasion The Hazardous Wastes (Management, Handling and Transboundary Movement) Rules, 2008 amended in 2009 It is to control the generation, collection, treatment, import, storage, and handling of hazardous waste. 7. The Biological Diversity Act, 2002 It was born out of India's attempt to realise the objectives enshrined in the United Nations Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) 1992 which recognizes the sovereign rights of states to use their own Biological Resources. The Act aims at the conservation of biological resources and associated knowledge as well as facilitating access to them in a sustainable manner and through a just process For purposes of implementing the objects of the Act it establishes the National Biodiversity Authority in Chennai. In exercise of the powers conferred by section 62 of the Biological Diversity Act, 2002, and in supersession of the National Biodiversity Authority (salary, Allowances and conditions of service of Chairperson and other Members ) Rules, 2003 except as respect to things done or omitted to be done before such supersession, the Central Government makes the Biological Diversity Rules, Charter on Corporate Responsibility for Environmental Protection (CREP) The Charter on CREP, which was launched in 2002, in a National Seminar at New Delhi, enlists time-bound action plans in respect of highly polluting categories of various industries, including dyes and dye intermediates, for progressive upgradation of technologies and in-plant practices for reduction of pollutants as well as improvement in waste management systems. An industry specific interaction meet with respect to pulp and paper industry was organized in December 2002 and the CREP norms came into force in The charter on CREP requires the following norms for the pharmaceutical industry to be implemented within the schedule specified. Wastewater Management 1. Industry Associations will conduct feasibility study for adoptions of cleaner technologies for H- Acid manufacture (Catalytic hydrogenation and others) within one year. 10

36 2. Industries will submit a proposal for recovery and purification by June Dye intermediate industries will install salt recovery systems in case of sodium sulphate from dyestuff and reuse recovered salt in the process by December An action plan for installation /up gradation of incineration systems as per CPCB guidelines to handle concentrated wastewater and reuse of treated weak wastewater will be submitted within six months. 5. Industry Associations will encourage waste exchange for proper use of weak acids. (Action within one year) 6. Wherever possible waste generated from one industry will be utilized by others (e.g use of effluent generated from Vinly Sulphone plant in H- Acid plant). Action plan in this regard will be submitted by April Industries will regularly monitor ground water quality. This will be initiated immediately. 8. H- Acid industries will examine the feasibility to increases product yield from 1.09 to 1.86 for reducing iron sludge, within six months. 9. In case of dyestuff, wherever possible ( to be decided by the task Force within six months), industries will use spray drying instead of salting to minimize load on Effluent Treatment Plants. 10. Industries will submit proposal on adoption of waste minimization practices by June Existing standards will be reviewed in consultation with industries. Action in this regard will be taken within six months. Air Pollution Management 1. Industries will minimize loss of volatile organics (solvent recovery of at lead either individually or collectively. An action plan will be submitted by June Scrubbing systems for SOx and NOx emission will be upgraded by July Solid Management Proper on site storage facilities and final disposal of solid waste on secured landfill will be ensured immediately. Better Management Practices Improvement of housekeeping such as concreting of floors, sealing of breaches/leakages in the system, replacement of corrosive pipe lines, etc to prevent spillages, leakages, fugitive emissions will be done three months. 11

37 APPLICABLE ENVIRONMENTAL STANDARDS The MoEF has the overall responsibility to set policy and standards for the protection of environment along with Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB). A) National Ambient Air Quality Standards In the exercise of powers conferred by Sub-section (2) (h) of section 16 of the Air (Prevention and Control of Pollution) Act, 1981 (Act No. 14 of 1981), and in supersession of th the notification No(s). S.O. 384(E) dated 11P P th April 1994 and S.O. 935 (E) dated 14P P October, 1998, CPCB notified the following National Ambient Air Quality Standards. Table1.2 - National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS), 2009 P P P P Concentration in Ambient Air S. No Parameters Industrial, Residential, Rural and other area 1 Sulphur Dioxide ( SOR2R) 3 80 µg/mp (24 hours*) 2 Nitrogen Dioxide (NOR2R) 3 80 µg/mp (24 hours*) 3 Particular Matter size less than µg/mp (24 hours*) 10µm (PMR10R) 4 Particular Matter size less than µg/mp (24 hours*) µm (PMR2.5R) P P P P P P P 5 Lead (Pb) µg/mp (24 hours*) 6 Carbon Monoxide (CO) µg/mp (01 hour*) 7 Ozone (OR3R) µg/mp (1 hour*) 8 Ammonia (NHR3R) µg/mp (24 hours*) 9 Benzene (CR6RHR6R) 3 5 µg/mp (Annual**) 10 Benzo (α) pyrene (particulate phase 3 1 ng/mp (Annual**) only) (BaP) 11 Arsenic (As) 3 6 ng/mp (Annual**) P 12 Nickel (Ni) 3 20 ng/mp (Annual**) ** Annual arithmetic mean of minimum 104 measurements in a year at a particular site taken twice a week 24 hourly at uniform intervals. * 24 hourly or 08 hourly or 01 hourly monitored values as applicable shall be compiled with 98% of the time in a year. 2% of the time they may exceed the limits but not on two 12

38 consecutive days of monitoring. B) UMaximum Permissible Emission Concentrations The maximum permissible limits for source emission, as per EPA Notification are presented hereunder. Table1.3 - USource Emission Discharge Standards S. No. Parameter Standard (Concentration 3 not to exceed in mg/nmp P) 1. Particulate matter (PM) Total Fluoride 25 P 3. Asbestos 4 Fibres/cc and dust should 3 not be more than 2 mg/nmp 4. Mercury Chlorine Hydrochloric acid vapour and mist Sulphuric acid mist Carbon monoxide 1% max. (v/v) 9 Lead 3 10 mg/nmp C) USpecification of Diesel fuel for emission related parameters as per EPA rules, 1986 P S. No. Characteristics Requirement Method of Test (Ref: IS-1448) 1 o 3 Density at 15P C, Kg/mP 820 to Cetane Number, Min 45 3 Distillation 85 percent by volume o recovery at P PC Max 95 percent 350 by volume recovery at P PC, Max Sulphur, percent by mass* 0.50 o * (i) 0.50 percent by mass by 1st April 1996 in four metros and Taj Trapezium; (ii) 0.25 percent by mass by 1st October,1996 in Taj Trapezium; 13

39 P P Note (iii) 0.25 percent by mass by 1st April,1996 throughout the country. Note : (a) Above specifications apply to HSD only. (b) For new refineries coming during or after 1997 specification applicable by 2000 for existing refineries shall be applicable by D) UAmbient Noise Standards, 2000 Table Error! No text of specified style in document..4 - Ambient Air Quality Standards in respect of Noise Category of Zones Leq in db(a) Day * Industrial Commercial Residential Silence Zone ** * Day Time is from 6.00 AM and PM. + Night P 2 :Night Time is reckoned between PM and 6.00 AM ** Silence Zone is defined as an area up to 100 m around premises of Hospitals, Educational Institutions and Courts. Use of vehicle horn, loudspeaker and bursting of crackers is banned in these zones. Note: Mixed categories of areas be declared as one of the four above mentioned categories by the competent Authority and the corresponding standards shall apply Source: Central Pollution Control Board E) UEnvironmental Standards For Boilers as per EPA rules, 2006 Boiler (Small) 9TSteam generation capacity (tph) 9TPollutant 9TLess than 2 9TParticulate Matter 9T1200* 9T2 to less than 10 9T-do- 9T800* 9T10 to less than 15 9T-do- 9T600* 9T15 and above 9T-do- 9T150** + 3 9TEmission limit(mg/nmp P) 14

40 9T* To meet the respective standards, cyclone/multicyclone is recommended as control equipment with the boiler ** To meet the standards, bag filter/esp is recommended as control equipment with the boiler 9TNote: 9T12% of COR2R correction shall be the reference value for particulate matter emission standards for all categories of boilers 9These limits shall supersede the earlier limits notified under Schedule I at Sr. No. (34) of EPA ' (GSR 742E dated 30 August. 1990) 9T UStack Height for Small Boilers 9TFor the small boilers using coal or liquid fuels, the required stack height with the boiler shall be calculated by using the formula H = 14 QP Where, H -Total Stack Height in metres from ground level Q- Sulphur dioxide (SOR2R) emission rate in kg/hr 9TIn no case, the stack height shall be less than 11 m, 9Twhere providing tall stacks are not 3 feasible using above formula. The limit of 400 mg/nmp P for R SOR2 emission shall be met by providing necessary control equipment with a minimum stack height of 11 m. F) UEmission Limits for New Diesel Engines (Upto 800 KW) for Generator Sets (DG) The emission limits for new diesel engines up to 800 KW, for gensets applications as per EPA rules 1986 shall be as given in the Table below: 0.3 Capacity of Diesel Engines Upto 19 KW >19 kw up to 176 kw Date of Emission Limits Smoke Limit Test Cycle Implementation (g/kw-hr) for (Light NOx HC CO PM Absorption mp P) Torque at full load (%) factors Weighting 15

41 Noise >176 kw up to 800 kw G) U Limits For Generator Sets run with Diesel as per EPA rules, 1986 Standard Guidelines for control of Noise Pollution from Stationary Diesel Generator (DG) Sets UNoise limit for diesel generator sets (up to 1000 KVA) manufactured on or after the st 1 UPU UPU January, 2005 The maximum permissible sound pressure level for new diesel generator (DG) sets with rated capacity upto 1000 KVA, manufactured on or after the 1st January, 2005 shall be 75 db(a) at 1 metre from the enclosure surface. The diesel generator sets should be provided with integral acoustic enclosure at the manufacturing stage itself. H) UEffluent Standards for Dyes and Dye Intermediates Industry as EPA rules, 1986 S. No. Parameters Standards* i. Compulsory Parameters 1 ph Oil & Grease 10 3 BOD (3 days at 27 C)** Total Suspended Solids Bio-Assay Test 90% survival of fish after ii. Additional Parameters 6 Mercury Arsenic Chromium (CrP P) Lead Cyanide Phenolics (CR6RHR5ROH) Sulphides (as S) Phosphate (as P) 5.0 first 96 hours in 100 % effluent*** 16

42 * All values are given in mg/l except ph ** The BOD and COD limits shall be 30 mg/l and 250 mg/l respectively if treated effluent is directly discharged in to a fresh water body (i.e) stream, canal, river or canal *** The Bioassay Test shall be conducted as per IS: (i) Parameters listed as Additional Parameters shall be prescribed depending upon the process and product. (ii) Limits for total dissolved solids in effluent shall be prescribed by the concerned pollution control board/pollution control committee depending upon the recipient water body]. I) UIndian Standards For Industrial & Sewage Effluents (IS 2490:1982) Table Standards for Industrial & Sewage Effluents Tolerance Limits for Discharge of Trade Effluents into S. Characteristics Inland surface Public On Land for Marine Coastal Areas No. Waters (a) Sewers (b) Irrigation (c) (d) 1 Colour & Odour Suspended Solids mg/l 3 Particle Size of Suspended Solids 4 Dissolved Solids (inorganic) mg/l a) For process waste water-100 b) For cooling water effluent 10 percent above total suspended matter of influent cooling water Shall pass a) Floatable solids micron I.S.Sieve maximum 3mm. b) Settlable solids maximum 850 microns ph Value 5.5 to to to to 9 17

43 Tolerance Limits for Discharge of Trade Effluents into S. Characteristics Inland surface Public On Land for Marine Coastal Areas No. Waters (a) Sewers (b) Irrigation (c) (d) 6 Temperature 45 C at the 45 C at the 45 C at the point of point of point of discharge discharge discharge 7 Oil & Grease mg/l Total Residual Chlorine mg/l 9 Ammonical Nitrogen (as N) mg/l Total Kjeldahl Nitrogen (as N) mg/l 11 Free Ammonia (as NH3) mg/l Bio Chemical Oxygen Demand (3 days at 27 C) mg/l 13 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l 14 Arsenic (as As) mg/l 15 Mercury (as Hg) mg/l 16 Lead (as Pb ) mg/l Cadmium (as Cd ) mg/l 18 Hexavalent Chromium (as Cr +6 ) mg/l

44 S. No. Characteristics 19 Total Chromium (as Cr) mg/l 20 Copper (as Cu) mg/l Tolerance Limits for Discharge of Trade Effluents into Inland surface Public On Land for Marine Coastal Areas Waters (a) Sewers (b) Irrigation (c) (d) Zinc (as Zn) mg/l Selenium (as Se) mg/l 23 Nickel (as Ni) mg/l 24 Boron (as B) mg/l Percent Sodium % Residual Sodium Carbonate mg/l 27 Cyanide (as CN) mg/l Chloride (as Cl ) mg/l 29 Fluoride (as F) mg/l 30 Dissolved Phosphates (as P) mg/l 31 Sulphates (as SO4) mg/l 32 Sulphides (as S) mg/l 33 Pesticides Absent Absent Absent Absent 34 Phenolic Compounds (as CR6RHR5ROH) mg/l 19

45 S. No. Characteristics Tolerance Limits for Discharge of Trade Effluents into Inland surface Public On Land for Marine Coastal Areas Waters (a) Sewers (b) Irrigation (c) (d) 35 Radio Active Materials a. Alpha emitters 10P -7 10P -7 10P -8 10P -7 micro curie/ml b. Beta emitters 10P -6 10P -6 10P -6 10P -7 micro curie/ml 20

46 CHAPTER 2 PROJECT DESCRIPTION 2.1 TYPE OF PROJECT M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd has set up the Tirunelveli Bottling Plant at SIPCOT Gangaikondan village. The plant will function primarily as LPG receipt, storage & bottling unit for filling into cylinders. The present proposal has been submitted to MoEF-CC for obtaining EC for the existing bulk LPG storage capacity of 1800MT to achieve the consented LPG bottling throughput of 1,20,000MTPA. The throughput will be achieved by installing two LPG cylinder Filling Carousels each having 24 Filling Machines within the existing plant. 2.2 NEED FOR THE PROJECT The present demand for packed LPG of IOC in Tamil Nadu is 1065 TMTPA as against the available bottling capacity of 909 TMTPA as on 1 st April 2015 thereby deficit of 156 TMTPA. Demand is growing at 7% per annum. MOP&NG has mandated coverage of 75% population with LPG connection by the year across the Country including release of LPG connection in rural markets under RGGLV Scheme. The packed LPG demand projections in the State of Tamil Nadu for Indian Oil Corporation Ltd are estimated to be 1396 TMTPA by the year Even after exhausting the available possibilities of additional capacity generation of 60 TMTPA in the existing LPG Bottling Plant in Tamil Nadu, the available LPG capacity would not be sufficient to meet the increased demand of 1065 TMTPA during the year Presently, there are no IOCL bottling plants in down south of Madurai, i.e. in the districts of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Kanyakumari and Nagercoil. There is a backlog at times during monsoon season and festival seasons. In order to overcome this problem, a bottling plant is very much necessary to be established in Tirunelveli to cater to the customers in the above districts so that there would not be a shortfall in supplies and customers will not be affected on any account. 2.3 SITE CHARACTERISTICS Location The Google Earth image showing the project site is given in Figure 2.1. The location of project site is represented in the Figure

47 Figure 2.1 Google Image of the Project Site 22

48 Figure 2.2 Map showing the location of the project site 23

49 2.3.2 CONNECTIVITY The project site is well connected by road and rail network. The project site is located adjacent to NH 7 which connects Varanasi & Kanyakumari. Gangaikondan Railway Station is located at the distance of 4km (E). Tuticorin Airport is located at the distance of 33.55km (SW). Map showing the road network around the site is given in Figure

50 Figure 2.3 Map showing the connectivity around the project site 25

51 2.3.3 ENVIRONMENTAL SETTINGS The existing area of the Bottling Plant is around 42 acres. The topography and land use of the project site and its surroundings area covering 10 km radius are given in Figures 2.4 & 2.5 respectively. Environmental settings are presented in Table

52 Figure 2.4 Topo sheet (5km & 10km surrounding project site) 27

53 Figure 2.5 Landuse classification map (5km & 10km surrounding project site) 28

54 Table Environmental Settings of the Project Site S. No. Particulars Details 1 Latitude 8 49'50.10"N 2 Longitude 77 44'41.27"E 3 Site Elevation above MSL 0 m 4 Topography Plain 5 Present land use at the site Industrial 6 Nearest highway National Highway 7 850m (SE) 7 Nearest railway station Gangaikondan Railway Station 4km (E) 8 Nearest airport Tuticorin Airport km (SW) 9 Nearest town / city Tirunelveli city 13km (S) 10 Water body Tamirabarani river 5.9km (SSE) Gangaikondan kulam 3.8km (ENE) Indira kulam 7km (NE) Mannur pond 11.3km (W) Nainarkulam lake 11.2km (SSW) 11 Nearest Port Tuticorin Port 46km (ESE) 12 Hills / valleys Nil in 15km radius 13 Archaeologically important Nil in 15km radius places 14 National parks / Wildlife Nil in 15 Km radius Sanctuaries/Eco sensitive zones as per Wild Life Protection Act, Reserved / Protected Forests Gangaikondan RF 91m (E) Talaiyuthu RF 919m (W) Melpattam RF 6.6km (S) 16 Seismicity Zone II according to the Indian Standard Seismic Zoning Map 17 Defense Installations Nil in 15km radius 29

55 2.3.4 LAND REQUIREMENT The total area occupied by Indane Bottling Plant is approximately 42 acres & has been leased to M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. Land vide documents enclosed as Annexure 1. The existing infrastructure layout for the project is represented in Figure 2.6. The land use break-up is given in Table 2.2. Table 2.2 Land use breakup S. No. Land use parameter Area 1 Plant building area 1.73 acres 2 Non-plant building area 2.26 acres 3 LPG Storage area 0.8 acres 4 Truck Parking Area 6.7 acres 5 Driveway & pathway area 1.48 acres 6 Future expansion area 8 acres 7 Green belt development area acres 8 Open area 7.17 acres 9 Total Area 42 acres 30

56 Figure 2.6 Site Layout 31

57 2.4 MAGNITUDE OF OPERATION The Indane Bottling Plant has a consented LPG bottling throughput of 1,20,000MTPA and bulk storage capacity is 1800MT (3 mounded bullets x 600MT capacity). Table 2.2 Throughput (Before and After expansion) Bulk LPG storage facility (Existing) LPG bottling throughput (Existing) 3 x 600MT (mounded bullets) 1,20,000MTPA Prior to commencing construction activities M/s IOCL have obtained Consent to Establish from Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board (TNPCB) vide Consent Order No & 5985 dtd (enclosed as Annexure 2). Subsequently they have obtained Consent to Operate from TNPCB vide Consent Order No & dtd and valid upto (enclosed as Annexure3). M/s IOCL have obtained Petroleum & Explosives Safety Organization (PESO) License for the mentioned quantity of LPG storage (enclosed as Annexure 4) and NOC from Tamil Nadu Fire & Rescue Services, Tirunelveli Circle (enclosed as Annexure 5). 2.5 DESCRIPTION OF PROCESS Indane Bottling Plant at SIPCOT Gangaikondan village will be operated by M/s Indian Oil Corporation Ltd. The plant will function primarily as LPG receipt, storage & bottling unit for filling into cylinders. The plant operations are categorized as, 1. Receipt of product a. Transfer of LPG from M/s IndianOil Petronas Pvt Ltd (M/s IPPL) through bullet trucks b. Truck unloading c. LPG transfer to storage bullets d. Storage of LPG in bullets 2. Receipt of empty LPG cylinders & segregation 3. a. Bottling i. Pumping of LPG to filling shed ii. Bottling of LPG cylinders iii. Quality check on filled cylinders b. Loading into Trucks 32

58 4. Dispatch a. Loading of packed cylinders in trucks b. Supply & distribution to markets (through Authorized Vendors) 1. Receipt of Product LPG dosed with mercaptan will be received from M/s IPPL through bullet trucks. There are 8 nos of Tank Lorry Decantation Bays for the purpose of unloading bullet trucks and the product will be stored in mounded vessels (3 x 600MT storage capacity). 2. Receipt of Empty LPG Cylinders & Segregation Empty LPG cylinders are received from vendor trucks & faulty cylinders are segregated at the point of receipt and diverted towards valve refitting section. 3 a. Bottling LPG from storage bullets will be pumped to LPG Filling Shed (2 carousels having 24 filling machines each). Cylinder bottling will be the primary process carried out. After filling, each cylinder is subjected to quality check i.e. to check for leaks. 4. Dispatch Filled cylinders are loaded into respective Authorized Vendor trucks and dispatched. Cylinders that are damaged are stored separately and subsequently sold as scrap metal to Authorized Dealers. 33

59 Figure 2.7 Process flow chart 2.6 RAW MATERIAL REQUIREMENTS LPG is received from M/s IPPL through bullet trucks. The mass balance for the existing bottling capacity has been detailed below, Table 2.3 Mass balance for LPG bottling throughput (existing & proposed) Flowrate Hours of LPG bottling Number of Total (cum/hr) operation (Tons /day) days working throughput (day-1) (month-1) (MTPA) ,20, INFRASTRUCTURE AT THE FACILITY The list of equipments present at the Indane Bottling Plant are 34

60 Table 2.4 List of equipments / facilities & number S.no EQUIPMENT TOTAL NUMBER CAPACITY 1 LPG PUMPS 2 85 CUM/HR 2 LPG COMPRESSORS CUM/MIN 3 SCREW AIR COMPRESSORS CUM/HR 4 MOUNDED BULLETS 3x600 MT 1800MT 5 DG SET KVA 6 DG SET KVA 7 AUTOMATIC FILLING 24 POINT TYPE CARAOSAL CYL/HR 8 FIRE ENGINES 3 615CUM/HR 9 JOCKEY PUMPS 2 10CUM/HR 10 LOADING ARMS 8-11 AIR DRYER 1 540NM3/HR 12 EVACUATION COMPRESSOR 1 165NM3/HR 13 EVACUATION VESSEL 2 1CUM 14 VALVE CHANGING WITHOUT EVACUATION 2-15 AIR RECEIVER CUM 16 AIR RECEIVER CUM 17 SECURITY AIR COMPRESSOR DESCRIPTION OF MOUNDED BULLETS The mounded storage of LPG has proved to be safer compared to above ground storage vessels since it provides intrinsically passive and safe environment and eliminates the possibility of Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE). The cover of the mound protects the vessel from fire engulfment, radiation from a fire in close proximity and acts of sabotage or vandalism. The area of land required to locate a mounded system is minimal compared to conventional storage. Excavation up to a depth of 0.75 M was done for construction of mounded bullet foundation (Below FGL). Cathodic protection through sacrificial anode method has been provided for all the three bullets for their protection. 35

61 Figure 2.8 Photograph of mounded bullet Figure 2.9 Photograph of mounded bullet 36

62 2.8 POWER REQUIREMENT Power required for the existing operations is 450kVA sourced from Tamil Nadu Electricity Board. D.G sets are used & their specifications are detailed below, Table 2.5 Details on D.G sets S. No. Capacity Number Fuel used Stack height (m) Stack diameter (in) HSD BS III HSD BS III MANPOWER REQUIREMENT The total manpower requirement will be 75 persons which includes, S. No. Grade Number 1. Officers 6 2. Workmen (Blue collar) 9 3. Contract labourers Security Electrical personnel 5 Total FRESH WATER REQUIREMENT Total water requirement for the plant is 4KLD which is sourced through SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre, Gangaikondan village. Permission letter is enclosed as Annexure 1. Water balance table & diagram are given below 37

63 Table 2.6 Water balance table S. No. Domestic water requirement (KLD) Industrial water requirement (KLD) Cylinder washing Domestic sewage generation (KLD) Wastewater from process / cylinder washing (KLD)* Total * Note Wastewater generated from cylinder washing will be primarily dirty water with suspended solids. After sedimentation, this water will be reused for cylinder washing. There will be no process / trade effluent generated during operations. Figure 2.10 Water balance chart 2.11 POLLUTION CONTROL MEASURES PROPOSED No emissions are generated during the operations as the entire bottling process is carried out through pipelines from Storage Area to Filling Shed. The only point sources of emissions are D.G sets & Fire Engines. They have been fitted with stacks of adequate height to disperse the pollutants. Table 2.7 Details on existing APCs S. No. Source of emission Control measure Material of construction Top diameter (m) Height above GL (m) 1 750kVA D.G set & Stack MS Pipe 12 & kVA D.G set 2 Fire engines (3 nos.) Stack MS Pipe

64 2.12 WASTEWATER GENERATION Sewage is disposed through septic tanks & soak pits (1 nos.) of dimensions 2m x 1.5m x 1.5m. Washing water generated from cylinder washing will be diverted to sedimentation traps fitted with oil separator & clarified water will be reused for cylinder washing. The dimension of the sump is 2m x 1.5m x 1.5m SOLID WASTE GENERATION & DISPOSAL No industrial solid waste will be generated during the bottling process. Damaged cylinders will be segregated & stored on site prior to disposal as scrap metal. Hazardous waste generated from D.G set operation will be disposed to TNPCB Authorized Recyclers DETAILS ON FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM The leakage of LPG is monitored through gas monitoring sensors (GMS) that are installed at strategic points inside the plant premises. At present there are 35 Nos GMS sensors installed which is connected to a PC in the control room for monitoring the leak levels. The sensors will give initial alarm at 20% LEL and continuous alarm at 60% LEL so that the leakage can be controlled before the concentration of LPG reaches its lower explosive limit. Figure 2.11 Fire water storage tanks (3 x 2500KL) 39

65 The records are analyzed on daily basis by the concerned officer and faults are rectified on immediate basis. All the persons working inside the plant premises are mandatorily required to wear protection devices such as safety shoes and safety helmets in order to protect them from fatal injuries. Safety week is celebrated every year to create awareness among persons in order to develop a good culture. To monitor the health of people working in plant a doctor is also appointed who visits the plant three times a week and free checkups are carried out for all the persons in the plant. 40

66 Sl.No Table 2.8 List of Fire Protection Equipments Descprition Requirement Availability as per OISD at site Portable 10 kg DCP fire extinguishers LPG storage vessel (2 per vessel)+water drain 7 7 LPG cylinder shed (2 per 200 sqm) LPG pump house (2 per 50 sqm) T.L.D (1 per bay) 8 8 Other pump houses (FPH & ACH) 2 2 Office 2 2 Canteen 3 3 Security 1 1 Fire trolley 2 2 Stores 2 2 Total kg CO 2 F.E. PMCC(2 per 100 m2) 4 4 DG room 2 2 HT room 2 2 Transformer room 2 2 Battery Room 2 2 S&D and Control Room 2 2 Fire trolley 1 1 Total Sand bucket with stand in PMCC 1 1 Sand bucket with stand in DG room 1 1 Sand bucket with stand in HT yard 1 1 Balance Required 41

67 Total % spare CO2 cartridge-200g % spare CO2 cartridge-2kg % Min. spare DCP bags-10kg DCP % Min. spare DCP bags-75kg DCP Sl.No 75 KG DCP fire extinguishers Filling Shed 1 1 LPG Pump House Mounded storage Bullet 1 1 TLD 1 1 Evacuation area 1 1 Total Trolley with suitable first-aid fire preventive accessoris 1 1 Reinforced Rubber-lined hoses 63 mm % spare hoses Total Jet Nozzles Jet Nozzles in stores 2 2 Spare jet nozzles with branch pipes Spare fog nozzles 2 2 Spare universal nozzles 2 2 Spare water curtainn nozzles 2 2 Spare spray nozzles 2 2 Multi purpose nozzles Safety Helmets Hose Boxes (Alternative hydrant points) Strecher with blankets First Aid Boxes

68 13 Rubber Hand Gloves (Electrical) 2 pairs 2 pairs 14 Low temp. rubber hand gloves (LPG) 4 pairs 4 Pairs 15 Low temp. protective clothing (LPG) 2 sets Nil 2 sets 16 Explosimeter Fire Proximity Suit Resuscitator Red & Green Flags 2 sets 2 sets 20 Self Containing Breathing Aparatus Water Jet Blanket Hand operated siren FLP torches ETB MCP GMS

69 Figure 2.12 Fire Hydrant Layout 44

70 2.15 RAINWATER & STORM WATER DRAINAGE NETWORK Rain water harvesting system for Tirunelveli LPG Project has been designed to utilize the Under-ground water system sustainably. Keeping in mind the depleting Water Table across the country, storm water drains has been engineered in such a way that rain water can be collected into two rain water harvesting tanks placed at strategic locations so that underground water can be recharged and underground water table can be maintained. Sizes of rain water harvesting tanks are 2.5 mtr in diameter with depth of 5 mtrs and have been filled with brick bats to collect the water in case of heavy rain. Since much of the plant area including Truck Parking area has been covered with RCC Roads and Bitumen roads, Drains have been maintained to collect the storm water & rain water and using the natural slope of Plant, waters will be collected to Rain water Harvesting Tank. Size of rain water harvesting tanks: mtr in diameter with depth of 5 mtrs. The total cost of rain water harvesting system is Rs.25.0 Lacs. Excluding the cost of drains. Three recharge pits (2 on-site & 1 truck parking area) have been set up at the site to harvest run-off water. The storm water layout is shown in the following figure. 45

71 Figure 2.13 Storm water layout 46

72 2.16 PROJECT COST Cost for setting up the Indane Bottling Plant at SIPCOT, Gangaikondan village is estimated at crores. 47

73 CHAPTER 3 DESCRIPTION OF ENVIRONMENT 3.1 INTRODUCTION Baseline Environmental Studies have been conducted to determine the existing status of various Environmental attributes viz., Climate and Atmospheric conditions, Air, Water, Noise, Soil, Hydro geological, Land use pattern, Ecological and Socio-Economical environment, prior to setting up of the proposed project. This study would help to undertake corrective mitigation measures for protection of the environment on account of any change deviation of attributes due to activities of the proposed project. 3.2 SCOPE OF BASELINE STUDY An area, covering a 10 km radial distance from the project site is considered as the study area for the purpose of the baseline studies. Primary data on Water, Air, Land, Flora, Fauna & Socio-Economic data were collected by a team of Engineers and Scientists. Secondary data was collected from various Departments of State/Central Government Organizations, Semi- Government and Public Sector Organizations. Table 3.1 gives various environmental attributes considered for formulating environmental baseline and Table 3.2 gives the frequency and monitoring methodology for various environmental attributes. S. No. 1 Table 3.1 Environmental Attributes Attribute Parameter Source of Data Climatology & Meteorology 2 Water Quality 3 Ambient Air Quality Wind Speed, Wind direction, Relative humidity, Rainfall and Temperature Physical and Chemical parameters PM10, PM 2.5, SO2, Nox, NH3, O3, CO, Pb, Benzene, Benzo(a) pyrene, Arsenic & Nickel Indian Meteorological Department and Site specific information Monitored Data (Surface water 8 locations and ground water- 8 locations) Monitored Data (8 locations) 4 Noise levels Noise levels in db (A) Monitored Data (8 locations) Field survey and Secondary Ecology Existing terrestrial flora and 5 sources fauna within the study area 6 Geology Geological history Secondary sources 7 Soil Soil types and samples analyzed Analysis of soil samples at six 48

74 8 Socioeconomic Aspects 9 Land Use for physical and chemical parameters. Socio-Economic characteristics of the affected area Trend of land use change for different categories locations Based on field survey and data collected from secondary sources Secondary data Table 3.2 Frequency and Monitoring Methodology Attributes Wind Speed, Wind direction, Relative humidity, Rainfall and Temperature Particulate Matter (PM 10) Particulate Matter (PM 2.5) Oxides of Sulphur (SO2) Oxides of Nitrogen (Nox) Total Volatile Organic Compounds (TVOC) Sampling Network Frequency Measurement Method A. Meteorology Project site Continuous Weather monitor with for 3 data base months Requisite locations in the project influence area A. Air Environment Gravimetric (High- 24 hourly- Volume with Cyclone) Twice a Gravimetric (Highweek for 3 Volume with Cyclone) months in EPA Modified West Non- &Gaeke method Monsoon Arsenite Modified season Jacob &Hochheiser -- EPA Method TO 17 Hydrocarbon -- IS 5182: Pt 12: 1991 Benzene (C6H6) 24 hourly- IS 5182: Pt 11: 2006 Benzo (a) Pyrene Twice a (BaP) week for 3 IS 5182: Pt 12: 1991 Lead (Pb) months in IS 5182 P 22: 2004 Arsenic (As) Non- IS 5182 P 22: 2004 Nickel (Ni) Monsoon IS 5182 P 22: 2004 Ammonia (NH3) season Indophenols blue method Ozone (O3) KI Absorption Method Carbon Monoxide Gas Analyser (NDIR) B. Noise Hourly equivalent noise levels Once Instrument : Noise level meter Requisite locations in the project influence area Remarks As per CPCB standards under 18th November 2009 Notification for National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) IS:

75 Parameters for water quality: ph, temp, turbidity, Total hardness, total alkalinity, chloride, sulphate, nitrate, fluoride, sodium, potassium, Electrical Conductivity, Ammonical nitrogen, Nitrate- Nitrogen total phosphorus, BOD, COD, Calcium, Magnesium, Total Dissolved Solids, Total Suspended Solids Parameter for soil quality: ph, texture, electrical conductivity, organic matter, nitrogen, phosphate, sodium, calcium, potassium and Magnesium. Terrestrial & Aquatic Flora and Fauna Set of grab samples At requisite locations for ground and surface water Requisite soil samples be collected as per BIS specification within project influence area Requisite locations in the project influence area C. Water Once Samples for water quality collected and analyzed as per IS : 2488 (Part 1-5) methods for sampling and testing of Industrial effluents Standard methods for examination of water and wastewater analysis published by American Public Health Association. D. Land Environment Once in season E. Biological Environment Once in season Collected and analyzed as per soil analysis reference book, M.L.Jackson Collected and analyzed as per IUCN Red Data book. 3.3 RAINFALL & CLIMATE The district receives the rain under the influence of both southwest and northeast monsoons. The northeast monsoon chiefly contributes to the rainfall in the district. Rainfall data from IMD stations over the period were utilized and a perusal of the data shows that the normal annual rainfall over the district is 879 mm. It is the maximum around Senkottai, Sankarankoil and all along the coast and it decreases towards inland. The areas around Ambasamudram, Tirunelveli and Kadayanallur receive minimum rainfall. 50

76 The district enjoys a Sub tropical climate. The period from May to June is generally hot and dry. The weather is pleasant during the period from December to January. The relative humidity is on an average between 79 and 84%. The mean minimum temperature is 22.9 C and means maximum daily temperature is 33.5 C respectively. Figure 3.1 Average Rainfall of last Five years 51

77 Table 3.3 Tirunelveli District Weather Report for the month of February 2015 Summary Air Temp. (⁰C) Relative Wind Max Min Humidity (%) Speed (m/s) 2/1/ /2/ /3/ /4/ /5/ /6/ /7/ /8/ /9/ /10/ /11/ /12/ /13/ /14/ /15/ /16/ /17/ /18/ /19/ /20/ /21/ /22/ /23/ /24/ /25/ /26/ /27/ /28/ Wind rose for the month of February, March & April are given in Figure 3.2, 3.3 &

78 Figure 3.2 Wind rose for the month of February

79 Table 3.4 Tirunelveli District Weather Report for the month of March 2015 Summary Air Temp. (⁰C) Max Min Relative Humidity (%) Wind Speed (m/s) 3/1/ /2/ /3/ /4/ /5/ /6/ /7/ /8/ /9/ /10/ /11/ /12/ /13/ /14/ /15/ /16/ /17/ /18/ /19/ /20/ /21/ /22/ /23/ /24/ /25/ /26/ /27/ /28/ /29/ /30/ /31/

80 Figure 3.3 Wind rose for the month of March

81 Table 3.5 Tirunelveli District Weather Report for the month of April 2015 Summary Air Temp. (⁰C) Relative Humidity (%) Wind Speed (m/s) Max Min 4/1/ /2/ /3/ /4/ /5/ /6/ /7/ /8/ /9/ /10/ /11/ /12/ /13/ /14/ /15/ /16/ /17/ /18/ /19/ /20/ /21/ /22/ /23/ /24/ /25/ /26/ /27/ /28/ /29/ /30/

82 Figure 3.4 Wind rose for the month of April

83 3.4 DRAINAGE Thamarabarani, Nambiar, Chittar and Karamaniar are the important rivers draining the district. Tamarabarani originating from Papanasam flows thorough the district. The Nambiyar river originates in the eastern slopes of the Western ghats near Nellikalmottai about 9.6 km west of Tirukkurugundi village at an altitude of about 1060 m amsl At the foot of the hills, the river is divided into two arms. The main arm is joined by Tamarabarani at the foothills. Chittar originates near Courtallam and flows through Tenkasi and confluences with Tamarabarani. The hilly terrains have resulted in number of falls in the district. There are three major falls in Manimuttar Reservoir catchments area and there are few falls in the Tamarabarani river also. A series of falls in Chittar river in Courtallam comprising Five Falls, Honey Falls, Main falls and Old Courtallm Falls are some of the important falls in the area. The drainage pattern in general is dendritic. In addition, there are eight dams at the places as given below for irrigation and power generation purposes. Source: District Ground Water Brochure, Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, Ministry of Water Resources, Central Ground Water Board, The Drainage Map (10 km) of the project site is given as Figure 3.5. Figure 3.5 Drainage Map (10 km) of the Project 58

84 3.5 GEOMORPHOLOGY Tirunelveli district is bordered by Western Ghats (Ridge and valley complex) in the West. A major part of the district constitutes a plain terrain with a gentle slope toward East and Southeast, except for the hilly terrain in the west. The general elevation of the area varies from less than 10 to 1408 m amsl (Tulukkaparai hill range) The prominent geomorphic units identified in the district through interpretation of Satellite imagery are Structural Hill, Bazada Zone, Valley Fill, Flood Plain, Pediment, Shallow buried pediment, Deep buried pediment and Coastal Plain. 3.6 SOIL Soils have been classified into 1) Deep red soil 2) Red sandy soil 3) Black cotton soil 4) Saline coastal Alluvium 5) River Alluvium Major parts of the area are covered by Deep Red soil and are found in Sivakasi, Tenkasi, Senkottai and Sankarankoil blocks and it is suitable for cultivating coconut and palmyrah trees. Red sandy soil also in reddish yellow in colour and are found in Nanguneri, Ambasamudram, and Radhapuram blocks and it is suitable for cultivating groundnut, millets and pulses etc., The Block Cotton Soil is found in Tirunelveli, Palayankottai and Sankarankoil blocks, and it is suitable for cultivating Paddy, Ragi, and Cholam etc., The Saline Coastal Alluvium are dark grey to deep brown in colour and spread over the Nanguneri and Radhapuram blocks. The River alluvial soils occur along the river courses of Tamrabarani and Chittar river covering in the blocks Tirunelveli and Palayankottai and it is suitable for cultivating Groundnut, Chillies and Cumbu. 3.7 GROUND WATER SCENARIO Hydrogeology The district is underlain by both porous and fissured formations. The important aquifer systems in the district are constituted by i) Weathered and fractured hard rock formations of Archaean age. ii) Porous sedimentary formations ranging in age from Tertiary and Recent. 59

85 The porous formations are found as small patch in the southeastern part of the district and include sandstones, Limestones, Laterite and Clays from Tertiary to Quaternary. Isolated occurrence of calcareous sandstone and fossiliferous limestone are seen in coastal area on the southeastern side. The fossiliferous limestone is found south west of Kudankulam covering an area of 3 sq.km. Laterites are exposed as patches along Radhapuram-Edakkadu, Vijayanarayanam-Kumarapuram, Ittamoli, Nanguneri and Uramozi area. Beach sand occurs as a patch along the coast with a width varying from m in Idindakarai-Ovari Belt. The river alluvium is found along the river courses and the thickness of alluvium is restricted to 5-6m. The exploration in sedimentary tract has revealed that the depth to basement occurs at a depth of 120m bgl and granular zones are encountered between the depths of 20 to 92 m bgl. The yield of bore wells varies from lps. The aquifer at the shallow depth is under unconfined condition and aquifer at depth is under semi-confined to confined condition. The shallow aquifer is developed through dug wells and deeper aquifer through tube wells. The dug well can sustain a pumping of 4 to 6 hours while the tube wells can sustain a pumping of 6-8 hours. The water-bearing properties of crystalline formations, which lack primary porosity, depend on the extent of development of secondary intergranular porosity. These aquifers are highly heterogeneous in nature due to variation in lithology, texture and structural features even within short distances. Ground water generally occurs under phreatic conditions in the weathered mantle and under semi-confined conditions in the fissured and fractured zones at deeper levels. The thickness of weathered zone in the district is in the ranges up to 30m bgl. The yield of large diameter wells in the district, tapping the weathered mantle of crystalline rocks ranges from 50 to 250 lpm and are able to sustain pumping for 3 to 5 hours per day. The Specific capacity of large diameter wells tested in crystalline rocks ranges from 25 to 300 lpm / m. of drawdown. The yield characteristics of wells vary considerably depending on the topographic set-up, lithology and nature of weathering. The groundwater exploration in the district down to a depth of 200m bgl has revealed that in the western part of the district potential fractures are encountered beyond 100m bgl while in the rest of the area, potential fractures are restricted to 100m bgl. The yield of the wells varies from 1 to 3.6 lps. In general, the wells drilled by various State agencies mainly for domestic purposes have yield in the range of 63 to 270 lpm. 60

86 The depth to water level in the district varied between 1.19 to m bgl during premonsoon depth to water level (May 2006) and varied between 0.18 to 7.97 m bgl during post monsoon depth to water level (Jan 2007). The seasonal fluctuation shows a fall in water level, which ranges from 0.12 to 2.14 m bgl, and rise in water level, which ranges from 0.33 to m bgl. The piezometric head varied between 1.72 to m bgl (May 2006) during pre monsoon and 0.47 to m bgl during post monsoon Long Term Fluctuation ( ) The long-term water level fluctuation for the period indicates both rise and fall in different parts of the district. The rise in water level is in the range of to m/year, while the fall is the water level varies between and m/year Aquifer Parameters Formation Yield of wells (lps) Transmissivity (m2/day) Hydraulic Conductivity (m/day) Specific Yield (%) Porous Formation Weathered Rock < < Fractured Rock <

87 Figure 3.6 Hydrogeology Map of Tirunelveli District Source: District Ground Water Brochure, Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, Ministry of Water Resources, Central Ground Water Board. 62

88 Figure 3.7 Map Showing depth to water level in Pre-monsoon Figure 3.8 Map Showing depth to water level in Post-monsoon 63

89 Source: District Ground Water Brochure, Tirunelveli District, Tamilnadu, Ministry of Water Resources, Central Ground Water Board. 3.8 LAND USE The Land use classification is given in Table 3.6 Land Use/Land Cover Map within 10 km of the Project Site is given below in Figure

90 Figure 3.9 Land Use/ Land Cover Map within 10 km of the Project Site 3.9 Seismicity There are 4 major seismic zones (zones II, III, IV and V) in India, based on the seismotectonic parameters, history of seismicity and certain geophysical parameters. The project site SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre, Gangaikondan village, Tirunelveli Taluk & District comes under Seismic zone III. 65

91 Figure Map showing seismic tectonic zone 3.10 AIR ENVIRONMENT The prime objective of baseline air monitoring is to evaluate the existing air quality of the area. This will also be useful for assessing the conformity to standards of the ambient air quality during the construction and operation of the proposed project. This section describes the selection of sampling locations, methodology adopted for sampling, analytical techniques and frequency of sampling. The results of ambient air monitoring carried out during the study during February, March and April The methodology adopted for Air quality survey is given below Selection of Sampling Locations The locations for air quality monitoring were scientifically selected based on the following considerations using climatologically data. Topography / Terrain of the study area Human Settlements Health status 66

92 Accessibility of monitoring site Resource Availability Representativeness of the region for establishing baseline status Representativeness with respect to likely impact areas. The Ambient Air Quality monitoring locations are given in the Table 3.7and shown in Figure

93 Table 3.7 Ambient Air Quality Monitoring Locations Air sampling location code Location Geographical location Direction with the respect to project site Distance with respect to project site ( km) Elevation in feet Environmental Setting AAQ1 Project Site N-08º E-77º Industrial Area AAQ2 Gangaikondan N-13º E-80º NE Residential Area AAQ3 Venkatasalapuram N-13º E-80º N Residential & Rural Area AAQ4 Alavanthankulam N-13º E-80º NW Residential & Rural Area AAQ5 Kattalai N-13º E-80º SE Residential & Rural Area AAQ6 Thalaiyuthu N-13º E-80º SSW Residential & Industrial Area AAQ7 Nanjankulam N-13º E-80º WSW Residential & Rural Area 68

94 AAQ8 Thathanuthu N-13º E-80º S Residential & Rural Area *With respect to site Parameters for Sampling The parameters chosen for assessment of ambient air quality were Particulate Matter<10 (PM10), Particulate Matter<2.5 (PM2.5), Sulphur dioxide (SO2), Oxides of Nitrogen (NOx),Ammonia (NH3), Ozone (O3), Carbon Monoxide (CO), Benzene (C6H6), BenzonePyrene (BaP), Lead, Nickel and Arsenic Instruments used for Sampling Respirable Dust Samplers APM- 460 BL of Envirotech were used for monitoring Particulate matter (PM-10), gaseous pollutants like SO2 and Nox. Fine Particulate Samplers APM 550 of Envirotech was used for monitoring PM

95 AAQ4 AAQ3 AAQ2 AAQ1 AAQ7 AAQ6 AAQ8 AAQ5 Figure 3.11 Map Showing Air Quality Monitoring Locations 70

96 Sampling and Analytical Techniques PM 10 and PM 2.5 have been estimated by gravimetric method. In RDS, ambient air is sucked through a cyclone. Coarse and non-respirable dust is separated from the air stream by centrifugal forces acting on the solid particles, these particles fall through the cyclone s conical hopper and gets collected in the sampling cap placed at the bottom. The fine dust (<10 microns) forming the respirable particulate matter (PM 10) passes the cyclone and is retained on the filter paper. A tapping is provided on the suction side of the blower to provide suction for sampling air through a set of impingers which contains absorbing solutions for SO2 and Nox. Samples of gases are drawn at a flow rate of 0.2 lpm. PM 2.5 was determined by Fine Particulate Sampler. The air inlet has a circular symmetry so that air entry is unaffected by wind direction and is designed to keep out rain, insects and very large particles. The inlet section immediately leads to an impactor stage designed to trap particles with an aerodynamic diameter larger than 10 microns. Thus the air stream in the down tube consists of only medium and fine particulates. The streamlined air flow of the down tube is accelerated through the nozzle of the well shapedimpactor designed to trap medium size particulates with an aerodynamic diameter between 2.5 and 10 microns. To avoid sampling errors due to the tendency of small particles to bounce off the impaction surface a 37mm diameter GF/A paper immersed in silicone oil is used as an impaction surface. The air stream leaving the WINS impactor consists of microns. These fine particles are collected on a special Teflon membrane filter of 47 mm diameter. Modified West and Gaeke method (IS-5182 part-ii, 1969) has been adopted for estimation of SO2 and Jacobs-Hochheiser method (IS-5182 part-iv, 1975) has been adopted for the estimation of Nox. The techniques for sampling and analysis of parameters are presented in thetable 3.8. Table Techniques used for Ambient Air Quality Monitoring S. No Parameters Technique 1 Particulate Matter (PM 10), µg/m3 Gravimetric (High- Volume with Cyclone) 2 Particulate Matter (PM 2.5), µg/m3 Gravimetric (Fine particulate Sampler) 3 Oxides of Sulphur (SO2), µg/m3 EPA Modified West &Gaeke method 4 Oxides of Nitrogen (Nox), µg/m3 Arsenite Modified Jacob &Hochheiser 5 Total Volatile Organic Compounds EPA METHOD TO 17 (TVOC), µg/m3 6 Hydrocarbon, µg/m3 IS 5182: Pt 12:

97 7 Benzene (C6H6), µg/m3 IS 5182: Pt 11: Benzo Pyrene (BaP), ng/m3 IS 5182: Pt 12: Lead (Pb), µg/m3 IS 5182 P 22: Arsenic (As), ng/m3 IS 5182 P 22: Nickel (Ni), ng/m3 IS 5182 P 22: Ammonia (NH3), µg/m3 Indophenols blue method 13 Ozone (O3), µg/m3 KI Absorption Method 14 Carbon Monoxide, mg/m3 Gas Analyser (NDIR) Results Various parameters like maximum, minimum and average have been computed from the monitored data for all the locations and summary of Ambient Air Quality test results are presented in Tables

98 Table 3.9 Summary of Ambient Air Quality Result Code Location PM 10,µg/m 3 PM 2.5,µg/m 3 SO 2,µg/m 3 NO X,µg/m 3 Min Max Avg 98 Per Min Max Avg 98 Per Mi n Max Avg 98 Per Min Max Avg AAQ1 Project Site AAQ2 Gangaikondan AAQ3 Venkatasalapuram BDL(<5) AAQ4 Alavanthankulam AAQ5 Kattalai BDL(<5) AAQ6 Thalaiyuthu AAQ7 Nanjankulam BDL(<5) AAQ8 Thathanuthu CPCB / MoEF Standards Industrial /Residential / Rural and Other Area Per 73

99 Code Location Ozone Ammonia µg/m 3 CO,mg/m 3 µg/m 3 Min Max Avg 98 Per Min Max Avg 98 Per Lead µg/m 3 AAQ1 Project Site BDL(<5) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) AAQ2 Gangaikondan BDL(<5) BDL(<0.1) AAQ3 Venkatasalapuram BDL(<5) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) AAQ4 Alavanthankulam BDL(<5) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) AAQ5 Kattalai BDL(<5) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) AAQ6 Thalaiyuthu BDL(<5) BDL(<0.1) AAQ7 Nanjankulam BDL(<5) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) AAQ8 Thathanuthu BDL(<5) BDL(<0.1) BDL(<0.1) CPCB / MoEF Standards Industrial /Residential / Rural and Other Area

100 Benzo[a]pyrene Code Location Benzene, µg/m 3 ng/m 3 Arsenic ng/m 3 Nickel ng/m 3 AAQ1 Project Site BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1) AAQ2 Gangaikondan BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1) AAQ3 Venkatasalapuram BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1) AAQ4 Alavanthankulam BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1) AAQ5 Kattalai BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1) AAQ6 Thalaiyuthu BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1) AAQ7 Nanjankulam BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1) AAQ8 Thathanuthu BDL (<0.1) BDL (<0.01) BDL (<1) BDL (<1) CPCB Standards Industrial/ Residential/ Rural and Other Area Observations PM 10 : The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM 10 were recorded as 66µg/m 3 and 35µg/m 3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at Thalaiyuthu and the minimum concentration was recorded at Kattalai. The average concentrations were ranged between 40.4 and 57.5µg/m 3. PM 2.5 : The maximum and minimum concentrations for PM 2.5 were recorded as 35.7µg/m 3 and 17µg/m 3 respectively. The maximum concentration was recorded at Thalaiyuthu and the minimum concentration was recorded at Kattalai. The average values were observed to be in the range of 19.9 and 30.2µg/m 3. 75

101 SO2: The maximum and minimum SO2 concentrations were recorded as 8.5µg/m3 and BDL. The maximum concentration was recorded at Thalaiyuthu. The average values were observed to be in the range of BDL and 7.5µg/m3. NOx: The maximum and minimum NOx concentrations were recorded as 17.2µg/m 3 and 9.1µg/m 3. The maximum concentration was recorded at Thalaiyuthu and the minimum concentration was recorded at Kattalai. The average values were observed to be in the range of 10.4 and 15.3µg/m 3. O 3 : The maximum and minimum O 3 concentrations were recorded as 18.4µg/m 3 and 6.7µg/m 3. The maximum concentration was recorded at Thalaiyuthu and the minimum concentration was recorded at Kattalai. The average values were observed to be in the range of 8.3 and 14.8µg/m 3. The concentrations of PM 10, PM 2.5, SO 2 and NOx, are observed to be well within the standards prescribed by Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) for Industrial, Rural, Residential and Other area. All the values of NH 3, heavy metals (Pb, Ar,Ni & Hg), CO, Benzene and BaP were found to be below detection limits Noise Environment The main objective of monitoring of ambient noise levels was to establish the baseline noise levels in the surrounding areas and to assess the total noise level in the environment of the study area Identification of Sampling Locations A preliminary reconnaissance survey was undertaken to identify the major noise sources in the area. The sampling location in the area was identified considering the location of industry, residential area, Highways and Institutional areas. The noise monitoring locations are presented in Table 3.10and shown in Figure

102 Table 3.10 Noise Quality monitoring stations Location Code N1 N2 N3 N4 N5 N6 N7 Sample location Project Site Gangaikondan Pallikottai Thalaiyuthu Alangaraperi Thenkalam Palamadai Geographical location N-08º E-77º N-08º E-77º N-08º E-77º N-08º E-77º N-08º E-77º N-08º E-77º N-08º E-77º Direction with respect to project site Distance with respect to project site ( km) Environmental Setting - - Industrial Area NE 4.46 Residential Area NW 4.76 Residential & Rural Area SSW 4.83 Residential Area & Industrial Area SE 4.31 Residential & Rural Area WSW 5.11 Residential & Rural Area SSE 4.62 Residential & Rural Area 77

103 Instrument used for Sampling Noise levels were measured using a sound level meter. The sound level meter measures the equivalent continuous noise level (Leq) by switching on the corresponding function mode Method of Monitoring Noise, in general, is sound which is composed of many frequency components of various types of loudness distributed over the audible frequency range. Various noise scales have been introduced to describe, in a single number, the response of an average human to a complex sound made up of various frequencies at different loudness levels. The most common and universally accepted scale is the A weighted Scale which is measured as db (A). This is more suitable for audible range of 20 to 20,000 Hz. The scale has been designed to weigh various components of noise according to the response of a human ear. Sound Pressure Level (SPL) measurements were measured at all locations. The readings were taken for every hour for 24 hours. The day noise levels have been monitored during 6 am to 10 pm and night levels during 10 pm to 6 am at all the locations covered in 10-km radius of the study area. The noise levels were measured once during the study period. These readings were later tabulated and the frequency distribution table was prepared. Finally, hourly and 24 hourly values for various noise parameters viz. Lday and Lnight were calculated. For noise levels measured over a given period of time, it is possible to describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of the time certain noise levels exceed the time interval. The notations for the statistical quantities of noise levels are described below: L 10 is the noise level exceeded 10 per cent of the time L 50 is the noise level exceeded 50 per cent of the time and L 90 is the noise level exceeded 90 per cent of the time Equivalent Sound Pressure Level (Leq) The Leq is the equivalent continuous sound level, which is equivalent to the same sound energy as the actual fluctuating sound measured in the same period. This is necessary because sound from noise source often fluctuates widely during a given period of time. This is calculated from the following equation: Leq = L50 + (L 10 - L 90 ) 2 /60 78

104 Parameters Measured During Monitoring For noise levels measured over a given period of time interval, it is possible to describe important features of noise using statistical quantities. This is calculated using the percent of the time, certain noise levels are exceeded during the time interval. The notation for the statistical quantities of noise levels id described below: Hourly Leq day: Equivalent noise levels between 6.00 hours to hours. Leq night: Equivalent noise levels between hours to 6.00 hours. 79

105 Figure 3.12 Map showing the location of Noise level monitoring stations Results The summary of computed ambient noise level parameters like L day and L night are presented in Table 3.11 and compared to the standards specified by CPCB mentioned below in Table

106 Table 3.11 Ambient Noise Level Location Code Sample location Geographical location Direction with respect to project site Distance with respect to project site (km) Environmental Setting Leq day [db(a)] Leq Night [db(a)] Leq [db(a)] N1 Project Site N-08º E-77º Industrial Area N2 Gangaikondan N-08º E-77º NE 4.46 Residential Area N3 Pallikottai N-08º E-77º NW 4.76 Residential & Rural Area N4 Thalaiyuthu N-08º E-77º SSW 4.83 Residential Area & Industrial Area N5 Alangaraperi N-08º E-77º SE 4.31 Residential & Rural Area N6 Thenkalam N-08º E-77º WSW 5.11 Residential & Rural Area N7 Palamadai N-08º E-77º SSE 4.62 Residential & Rural Area

107 Table 3.12 Ambient Noise Quality Standards Category of Area / Zone Limits in db (A) Leq Day Time Night Time Industrial Area Commercial Area Residential Area Silence Zone Source: CPCB Note: Daytime shall mean from 6.00 a.m. to p.m. Night time shall mean from p.m. to 6.00 a.m Observations Day time Noise Levels Noise levels during day time were found to be in the range 47.2 to 52.1dB (A). The maximum noise level was observed to be 52.1dB (A) at Thalaiyuthu and a minimum of 47.2dB (A) was observed at Alangaraperi. Night time Noise Levels Noise levels observed to fall in the range 40.9 to 44.2dB (A) during the night time. A maximum of 40.9dB (A) was observed at Thalaiyuthu and a minimum of 44.2dB (A) was observed at Alangaraperi. Measured noise levels are observed to be in compliance with prescribed standards for ambient noise for the respective applicable categories Water Environment Water sampling has been conducted to establish baseline water quality in the area. Water analysis was carried out for physical and chemical parameters as per the methods prescribed in IS and Standard Methods for the Examination of Water and Wastewater (American Public Health Association) Sampling Locations The details of the water sampling stations are presented in the Table 3.13 and shown in Figure

108 Table 3.13 Water quality monitoring locations Location Code Location Geographical location Direction with respect to project site Distance with respect to project site (km) Type of water GW1 Project Site N-08º E-77º Ground Water GW2 Gangaikondan N-08º E-77º NE 4.18 Ground Water GW3 Thalaiyuthu N-08º E-77º SSW 4.67 Ground Water GW4 Palamadai N-08º E-77º SSW 4.68 Ground Water GW5 Alavanthan kulam N-08º E-77º NW 6.38 Ground Water GW6 Thenkalampudur N-08º E-77º W 4.61 Ground Water SW1 Gangaikondan kulam N-08º E-77º ENE 4.54 Surface Water SW2 Tamarabarani River N-08º E-77º S 7.98 Surface Water

109 Figure 3.13 Map showing Water quality monitoring locations

110 Results The physicochemical characteristics of water in the study area are presented in the Tables 3.14 and is compared with the standards (IS 10500: Indian Standards/Specifications for Drinking Water) reference values. Table 3.14 Results for Water Analysis Ground Water S. No Parameters Unit Test method Limit as per W1 W2 W3 IS : Colour Hazen APHA 22 nd EDITION 5 Nil Nil Nil 2 Odour - APHA 22 nd EDITION Unobjectionable No Odour Observed No Odour Observed No Odour Observed 3 ph at 25 C - IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2002) Electrical Conductivity, μs/cm IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2002) Not Specified Turbidity NTU IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2002) 1 BDL (<0.5) 0.6 BDL (<0.5) 6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2003) Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part Total Alkalinity as mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2003)

111 CaCO3 9 Chloride as Cl mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2003) Sulphate as SO 4 mg/l APHA 22 nd EDN SO 4 2- E Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 22 nd EDN F B&D Nitrate as NO 3 mg/l APHA 22 nd EDN NO 3 - B Ammonia as N mg/l APHA 22 nd EDN NH 3 B&C 0.5 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) Phosphate as PO 4 mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2002) Not Specified Sodium as Na mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2003) Not Specified Potassium as K mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2003) Not Specified Calcium as Ca mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2003) Magnesium as Mg mg/l APHA 22 nd EDN-3500,Mg - B Iron as Fe mg/l IS : 3025 Part BDL (<0.05) 0.13 BDL (<0.05) 20 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l IS:3025:Part-58:2006 Not Specified 4.7 BDL(<4) 8.3 BDL Below Detectable Limit

112 S. No Parameters Unit Test method Limit as per IS : 2012 W4 W5 W6 1 Colour Haze n APHA 22 nd EDITION 5 Nil Nil Nil 2 Odour - APHA 22 nd EDITION Unobjectionable No Odour Observed No Odour Observed No Odour Observed 3 ph at 25 C - IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2002) Electrical Conductivity, μs/c m IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2002) Not Specified Turbidity NTU 6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2002) IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2003) 1 BDL(<0.5) 0.9 BDL(<0.5) Total Hardness as CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part Total Alkalinity as CaCO3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2003)

113 9 Chloride as Cl mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2003) Sulphate as SO 4 mg/l APHA 22 nd EDN SO 4 2- E Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 22 nd EDN F B&D Nitrate as NO 3 mg/l APHA 22 nd EDN NO 3 - B 45 BDL(<1) Ammonia as N mg/l APHA 22 nd EDN NH 3 B&C 0.5 BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) BDL(<0.05) 14 Phosphate as PO 4 mg/l 15 Sodium as Na mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2002) Not Specified IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2003) Not Specified Potassium as K mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2003) Not Specified Calcium as Ca mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2003) Magnesium as Mg mg/l APHA 22 nd EDN-3500,Mg - B Iron as Fe mg/l IS : 3025 Part BDL(<0.05) 0.10 BDL(<0.05) 20 Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l IS:3025:Part-58:2006 Not Specified BDL(<4) BDL(<4) BDL(<4)

114 Surface Water S. NO PARAMETERS UNIT TEST METHOD SW1 SW2 1 Colour Hazen APHA 22 nd EDITION 2 Odour - APHA 22 nd EDITION 3 ph at 25 C - IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2002) 4 Electrical Conductivity, μs/cm IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2002) 5 Turbidity NTU IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2002) 6 Total Dissolved Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2003) 7 Total Hardness as CaCO 3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 1998) 8 Total Alkalinity as CaCO 3 mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2003) 9 Chloride as Cl mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2003) 10 Sulphate as SO 4 mg/l APHA 22 nd EDN SO 2-4 E 11 Fluoride as F mg/l APHA 22 nd EDN F B&D 12 Nitrate as NO 3 mg/l APHA 22 nd EDN NO - 3 B 11 4 No Odour Observed No Odour Observed BDL(<1) 13 Ammonia as NH 3 mg/l APHA 22 nd EDN NH 3 B&C

115 14 Phosphate as PO 4 mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2002) Sodium as Na mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2003) Potassium as K mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2003) 2.3 BDL(<1) 17 Calcium as Ca mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff:2003) Magnesium as Mg mg/l APHA 22 nd EDITION Iron as Fe mg/l IS : 3025 Part Anionic Surfactants as MBAS mg/l APHA 22 nd EDN C BDL(<0.025) BDL(<0.025) 21 Total Suspended Solids mg/l IS : 3025 Part (Reaff: 2002) Dissolved Oxygen as O 2 mg/l IS:3025:Part-38:1989 (Reaff:2003) Chemical Oxygen Demand mg/l IS:3025:Part-58: Bio-Chemical Oxygen Demand at 27 C for 3 days mg/l IS:3025:Part-44:1993 (Reaff:2003) Total Coliforms MPN/100ml IS 1622 (1981) (Reaff 2003) >1600/100ml 546/100ml 26 Faecal Coliforms MPN/100ml IS 1622 (1981)(Reaff 2003) >1600/100ml 35 /100ml

116 Observations Ground Water The analysis of ground water results indicate that the average ph ranges in between , TDS ranges from 588mg/l mg/l, Total Hardness ranges from 135mg/l - 570mg/l, iron content ranges from BDL 0.13mg/l, nitrate content ranges from BDL 84mg/l was observed. Surface Water The analysis of Surface water results indicate that the average ph ranges in between 4 11, TDS ranges from 163mg/l - 358mg/l, Total Hardness ranges from 106mg/l - 180mg/l, DO ranges from 6.1mg/l 6.7mg/l was observed Soil Environment Soil analysis The present study of the soiltively quality establishes the baseline characteristics and this will help in future in identifying the incremental concentrations if any, due to the operation of the proposed Project. The sampling locations have been identified with the following objectives; To determine the baseline soil characteristics of the study area and To determine the impact of proposed project on soil characteristics Five locations within the study area were selected for soil sampling. At each location, soil samples were collected from three different depths viz., 30 cm, 60 cm and 100 cm below the surface. The samples were analyzed for physical and chemical characteristics. The details of the soil sampling location are presented in Table 3.15and shown in Figure The results are presented in Table 3.16 and compared with Standard Soil Classification presented in Table

117 Table Soil Sampling Locations Locatio n Code Location Geographical Location Direction with the respect to project site Distance with respect to project site in km S1 Project Site N-08º E-77º S2 Gangaikondan N-08º E-77º NE 4.46 S3 Pallikottai N-08º E-77º NW 4.76 S4 Thalaiyuthu N-08º E-77º SSW 4.83 S5 Alangaraperi N-08º E-77º SE 4.31 S6 Thenkalam N-08º E-77º WSW 5.11 S7 Palamadai N-08º E-77º SSE

118 Figure 3.14 Map showing the location soil sampling stations 92

119 Presentation of Results The results of the soil analysis are tabulated in Table Standard soil classification is given in Table Table Soil Quality Results S. Parameters S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7 No 1 ph Electrical conductivity, ms/cm Available Nitrogen, mg/kg Available Phosphorous, mg/kg Available Potassium, mg/kg Exchangeable Calcium as Ca, m.eq / 100g / Exchangeable Magnesium as Mg, m.eq/100g Exchangeable Sodium as Na, m.eq / 100g Organic Matter (%) Texture Classification Sandy Clay Loam Clay Clay Clay Sandy Clay Sandy Clay Loam Sandy Clay 93

120 11 Sand (%) Clay (%) Silt (%) TABLE Standard Soil Classification ph Chemical Parameters Ranking Very Low Low Moderate High Very High <4, very Strongly 4-5, Strongly 5-8, Ideal for Plant 8-9 Strongly Basic >9 Very Acidic Acidic Growth Strongly Basic Electrical conductivity (μs/cm) <2000, Non saline Total Nitrogen (%) <0.05 Very Low Total Phosphorous <5 (mg/kg) Very Low Saline Moderately Saline Highly Saline >16000 Extremely Saline Low Moderate High >0.5 Very High Moderate High >60 Very High Low Sodium (mg/kg) Potassium (mg/kg) Calcium (mg/kg) - <200 Non Sodic Moderate >500 Sodic - <150 Low Moderate - < Low Moderate High >800 Very High >2000 High - 94

121 Observation Chemical Parameters Magnesium (mg/kg) % Organic Matter Very Low Ranking Very Low Low Moderate High Very High <40 Very Low Moderate >300 High - Low Moderate High >5 Low Very High The soil results were compared with soil standards. It has been observed that the ph of the soil was ranging from 7.78 to 1.62 indicating the soils are basic in nature. Conductivity of the soil ranges from to ms/cm. Since the EC value is less than 2000 µs/cm, the soil is said to be Non saline in nature. Texture of the soil sample is predominantly loam. Soil organic content varied from 0.56 to 1.02% which indicates the very low level of organic matter. The available nitrogen content ranges between 18.6 to 41.4mg/kg in the locality and the value of phosphorus content varies between 45.8 to 112.3mg/kg. This indicates that the soil have very high quantities of Nitrogen and Phosphorus. The potassium content varies from 172 to 311mg/kg which indicates that the soils have high quantities of potassium. From the above observations it was found that the soil in the Study area shows moderate fertility Ecological Environment Flora and fauna studies were conducted to assess the existing floral and faunal composition of the area Objectives of Ecological Studies The present study was undertaken with the objective of understanding the ecosystem on the following lines: 95

122 To assess the nature and distribution of vegetation in and around proposed project site; and To assess the distribution of animal life spectra Methodology Adopted for the Study Assessment of the existing vegetation types in the core and buffer zones has been done using standard procedures. The terrain of the impact zone is chiefly plain. The Biodiversity studies were already carried out in the entire study area of 10 km radius. The study of flora is conducted as per the guidelines of the Ministry of Environment and Forests, Government of India, with respect to the scope and objectives. The study involved in collection of primary data by conducting survey in the field, examination of floral and faunal records in previously published reports and records, and analysis of the information in view of the possible alteration in environment of the proposed project site. For the survey of fauna both direct and indirect observation methods were used Flora in the Study Area The list of flora observed in the buffer zone is given below: Table 3.18 List of Flora observed in the study area S.No. Botanical Name Local Name 1. Mangifera indica Maa 2. Ixora coccinea Idlipoo 3. Aegle marmelos Vilvam 4. Pongamia glabra Vent Pungam 5. Psidium guajava Koyya 6. Azadirachta indica Vembu 7. Annona squamosa Pangiee 8. Bambusa arundinacae Mungil 9. Albizia amara Usilai 96

123 Fauna in the study area Field studies are conducted to assess fauna in the study area. List of animals present in the study area are given below: Table 3.19 List of Fauna observed in the study area S.No. Common Name Zoological Family/Order 1. Cat Felis catus 2. Dog Cannis familiaris 3. Frog Cannis vulpes 4. Goat Capra hircus 5. Mouse Rodentia muridae 6. Squirrel Rodentia sciurus 7. Crow Corvous corone 8. Sparrow Ploceidae passer 9. Buffalo Bison bonasus 10. Lizard Sauria lacertidae Environmental Sensitivity As per MoEF guideline, 10 Km radius from the project site is considered as study area for evaluating environmental sensitivity. The description of the environmental sensitivity of the proposed site is given below; National Parks and Wild Life Sanctuaries There is no wild life sanctuary, national park or bird sanctuary with in the 15 km radius of the project site. Reserve Forests 97

124 List of the reserve forests along with distance and direction with respect to the project site is given in Table Table Reserve Forests within 10 Km Radius of the Project Site S.No. Name of Reserve Forest Distance Direction wrt Project site 1. Gangaikondan RF 91 Metres East 2. Thalaiyuthu RF 919 Metres West 3. Melpattam RF 6.6 Km South Airport The Tuticorin airport in Chennai is situated at a distance of Km (SW) from the project site. Proposed site is not falling in Aviation path. Archaeological protected sites There are no archaeological protected sites falling within the 10km radius of the proposed site Socio-Economic Environment The assessment of socio economic environment forms an integral part of an EIA study. Socio -Economic status of the population is an indicator for the development of the region. Any developmental project of any magnitude will have a bearing on the living conditions and on the economic base of population in particular and the region as a whole. Similarly, the proposed activities will have its share of socio-economic influence in the study area. The section delineates the overall appraisal of society relevant attributes. The data collection for evaluation of impact of proposed project on socioeconomic aspects in the study area has been done through primary household survey and through the analysis of secondary data available for study area Methodology The methodology adopted in assessment of socio-economic condition is as given below; 98

125 To assess Socio-Economic conditions of the Population Analysis of the identified social attributes like population distribution, availability of public utilities etc., through Census of India 2011 Primary household survey to assess the present status of population of the study area Sources of Information As per the scope of this study, the information on socio-economic aspects has been gathered and compiled from several secondary sources. These include Taluk Office, Collectorate, Agriculture Department, Irrigation Department, Central Ground Water Board, Directorate of Census Operation, Tamil Nadu etc. The demographic data has mainly been compiled from the Census of India The socio-economic details are briefly described in following sections. This section includes the present status of the Socio-Economic Environment in the study area. To determine the baseline socio-economic pattern, at and around the project site, the required data have been obtained from the published data. Socio-economic base line data were collected for the following indicators: Demographic Structure Economic Structure Availability of Basic Amenities The major demographic and economic structure of the study area are classified into population, literacy rate and workers details Settlement Pattern The proposed project site is at Gangaikondan village, Tirunelveli District, Tamil Nadu. The area within 10 km radius from the proposed area has been considered as study area Population According to the 2011 census, Tirunelveli district has a population of 30,77,233. The district has a population density 460 people per square kilometer. Its population growth rate over the decade was 12.97%. Tirunelveli has a sex ratio of 1023 females for every 1000 males and a literacy of %. 99

126 Demography Almost all villages in the study area are experiencing a rapid growth of population, which may be due to the process of urbanization and industrialization. According to 2011 census, Tirunelveli district had a population of 30,77,233. With a sex-ratio of 1023 females for every 1,000 males. A total of 3,21,687 were under the age of six, constituting 1,64,157 males and 1,57,530 females. Scheduled Castes and Scheduled Tribes accounted for 5,69,714 and 10,270 of the population respectively. Average literacy rate of Tirunelveli in 2011 were compared to of The district had a total of 8,15,528 households. There were a total of 12,71,407 main workers, comprising 1,07,943 main cultivators, 3,21,083 main agricultural laborer s, 6,26,714 other workers, 1,65,047 marginal workers, 7,772 marginal cultivators, 58,680 marginal agricultural laborers. The district has a population density of 460 inhabitants per square kilometer Distribution of Population The distribution of population in the study area is given in Table Table Distribution of population in the study area Particulars Study Area No. of Households 19,111 Male Population 35,476 Female Population 35,672 Total Population 71,148 Average Household Size 3.72 Sex ratio 1005 The males and females constitute about 49.86% and 50.13% respectively of the total population in the study area Average Household Size The study area had a family size of 3.72 as per census records. This lower family size could be attributed to a high degree of urbanization with migration of people with higher literacy 100

127 levels who generally opt for smaller family size with family welfare measures and also due to the prevalence of single member families, a common phenomenon in mining and industrial areas Sex Ratio The configuration of male and female indicates that the males constituted about 51.15% population while the females worked out to be 48.84% of the population. The sex ratio i.e. the number of females per 1000 males, which indirectly reveals certain sociological aspects in relation with female births, infant mortality among female children and single person family structure, a resultant of migration of industrial workers, was found at Social Structure Census records show that about 25.29% of the population belonged to Scheduled Castes (SC) and 0.15% to Scheduled Tribes (ST). This indicates that the weaker section people work out to about 25.45% of the total population and the remaining 74.54% people belong to Other Backward Castes and forward castes. The distribution of population by social structure in the study area is presented in Table Table Distribution of Population by Social Structure S. No. Particulars Study Area 1 Scheduled Castes 18,000 2 % to total population Scheduled Tribes % to total population Total SC and ST 18,109 6 % to total population Other Castes 53,039 8 % to total population Literacy Levels The distribution of literate and literacy rate in the study area is given in Table

128 Table Distribution of Literate and Literacy Rates S. No. Particulars Study Area 1 Total literate 52,012 2 Average literacy (%) Total illiterates 19,136 4 Average illiteracy (%) The literacy rate works out to 73.10%. The rate of illiteracy was observed to be 26.89% in the study area. This indicates a major sociological development in the region. This can be attributed to the Tamil Nadu Government's literacy improvement schemes Occupational Structure The occupational structure of residents in the study area is studied with reference to main workers and non-workers. The main workers include 10 categories of workers defined by the Census Department consisting of cultivators, agricultural labourers, those engaged in livestock, forestry, fishing, mining and quarrying; manufacturing, processing and repairs in household industry; and other than household industry, construction, trade and commerce, transport and communication and other services. As per census records altogether the workers works out to be 43.86% of the total population. The occupational structure of the study area is given in Table Table Occupational Structure Study Area S. No. Occupation No. % to Population 1 Total workers 31, Total non-workers 39,

129 Availability of Infrastructure Availability of infrastructure and facilities denote the level of overall development in the study area. The list of industries, schools, colleges and hospitals located near the study area are given below: Industries Elcot IT Park Alliance Tire Group M/s.BOSCH Limited. M/s.Ramco Industries Ltd. M/s.South India Bottling Company Pvt Ltd. India Cements Limited Institutions Sankar Polytehnic College Tamirabarani Engineering College Sri Jayendra Golden Jubilee School Tourist & Pilgrim Fire Flame Church St. Luke Church St. Theresa s Church Chepparai Natarajar Temple 103

130 CHAPTER 4 ANTICIPATED ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS & MITIGATION MEASURES 4.1 INTRODUCTION Prediction of impacts aims to identify the adverse impacts on environmental quality during each stage of project development & provide adequate mitigation measures for the same. Such predictions are superimposed over the baseline status of environmental quality to derive the ultimate scenario of environmental conditions. This chapter identifies and appraises various impacts likely to arise upon commencement of LPG bottling in the Tirunelveli BP. The environmental impacts on air, water, soil, noise and socio-economic conditions are systematically examined and evaluated. The details on impact of the project activity on each of the above environmental attributes are discussed below. 4.2 IMPACTS DURING CONSTRUCTION PHASE The current proposal has been submitted to Ministry of Environment, Forests & Climate Change for issuance of Environmental Clearance for Tirunelveli BP. The unit has obtained Consent Orders from Tamil Nadu Pollution Control Board for setting up the facility. Hence the identification of impacts & suggestion of mitigation measures has been restricted to the Operation Phase of the project. 4.3 IMPACTS DURING OPERATION PHASE Upon obtaining environmental clearance for the present proposal the throughput of LPG will be 1,20,000MTPA through 2 LPG Filling Stations / Carousels.. Potential impacts of the project during Operation Phase have been assessed through Leopold Matrix. 104

131 Table 4.1 Impact prediction matrix Operation Phase Developmental Activities Operation Phase S. No. Environmental Attributes Transportation of raw materials Storage and handling of raw materials Overall manufacturing process (LPG production) Combustion of Fossil Fuels Water Abstraction Wastewater generation & Disposal Generation & Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste Generation and Disposal of Hazardous Solid Wastes Green Belt Development Storm water drain development & rainwater harvesting Employment 1 Topography O O O O O O O O SB SB NA 2 Drainage O O O O O O O O SB SB NA 3 Hydrogeology O O O O O O O O SB SB NA 4 Ground water quality O a O O O a /M A /M SA /M SB SB NA 5 Surface water quality O O O O O O O O O O NA 6 Air Quality A/M a a A /M NA a a a SB NA NA 7 Noise Level A/M O a A /M NA NA NA NA SB NA NA 8 Vibration Level A/M O a A /M NA NA NA NA SB NA NA 9 Soil Quality O a O O O a /M a SA /M SB SB NA 10 Terrestrial Flora O O O O O O O O SB O NA 11 Terrestrial Fauna O O O O O O O O SB O NA 12 Aquatic Ecology NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 13 Land Use O O O O O O O O SB SB NA 14 Socio-Economic O O SB O O O O O O O SB 105

132 Developmental Activities Operation Phase S. No. Environmental Attributes Transportation of raw materials Storage and handling of raw materials Overall manufacturing process (LPG production) Combustion of Fossil Fuels Water Abstraction Wastewater generation & Disposal Generation & Disposal of Municipal Solid Waste Generation and Disposal of Hazardous Solid Wastes Green Belt Development Storm water drain development Employment 15 Risk to Public Health & Safety SA / M SA / M SA / M O NA O O A / M O NA NA 16 Occupational Health & Safety SA / M SA / M SA / M O NA O O A / M O NA NA 17 Traffic A NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA NA 1. A = Adverse impact; 2. M = mitigation measure planned for adverse impact; 3. a = small adverse impact; 4. O = no anticipated impact; 5. NA = environmental factor not applicable; 6. SA = significant adverse impact; 7. b = small beneficial impact; 8. B = beneficial impact; 9. SB = significant beneficial impact 106

133 4.3.1 IMPACT ON AMBIENT AIR ENVIRONMENT LPG will be transported through bullet trucks (from M/s IPPL) through roadways to the Bottling Plant. On an average, around 16 bullet trucks and 60 vendor trucks will arrive / depart once the bottling operation commences. The spread of fugitive emissions will be minimized through avenue plantation along the entrance (already in place). No emissions are generated during the operations as the entire bottling process is carried out through pipelines from Storage Area to Filling Shed. The only point sources of emissions are D.G sets & Fire Engines. They have been fitted with stacks of adequate height to disperse the pollutants. Fugitive VOC emissions from cylinder filling & storage area will be drawn through Vapour Extraction Unit & diverted to Cold Flare stack to disperse VOCs. S. No. Source of Emission Table 4.2 Existing APC measures Control Measure Material of Construction Top Diameter (m) 1 750kVA D.G set & 250kVA D.G set Stack MS Pipe 12 & Fire engines (3 nos. of 615 cu.m/hr) Stack MS Pipe 6 11 Height above GL (m) IMPACT ON WATER ENVIRONMENT RAW WATER CONSUMPTION Total water requirement for the plant is 4KLD which is sourced through SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre, Gangaikondan village. There is no requirement for drawal of surface / groundwater or diversion from other sources DOMESTIC SEWAGE GENERATION & DISPOSAL Domestic sewage generated will be disposed to septic tank & soak pits (3 nos.) of 2m x 1.5m x 1.5m each EFFLUENT GENERATION & DISPOSAL Wastewater generated from cylinder washing will be primarily dirty water with suspended solids. After sedimentation, this water will be reused for cylinder washing. Washing water generated from cylinder washing will be diverted to sedimentation traps fitted with separator & 107

134 purified water will be reused for cylinder washing. The dimension of the sump is 5m x 2.5m x 1.5m. There will be no process / trade effluent generated during operations IMPACT ON AMBIENT NOISE ENVIRONMENT The only source of noise within the Bottling Plant during D.G set operation. DG sets are placed within acoustic enclosures. 33% of the plot area has been earmarked for greenbelt to contain the spread of noise emissions IMPACT ON LAND ENVIRONMENT The Bottling Plant is located in the SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre and the proposed activities (LPG bottling) will be consistent with the landuse classification of the site (industrial land) IMPACT ON SOCIO-ECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT There is an urgent requirement of setting up a new LPG Bottling Plant in the state of Tamil Nadu to meet the increasing LPG demand. Presently, there are no IOCL bottling plants in down south of Madurai, i.e. in the districts of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Kanyakumari and Nagercoil. There is market backlog for LPG refills at times during monsoon season and festival seasons. In order to overcome this problem, a bottling plant is very much necessary to be established in Tirunelveli to cater to the customers in the above districts so that there would not be a shortfall in supplies and customers will not suffer for LPG refills on any account. Tirunelveli LPG BP shall be feeding this essential commodity (domestic LPG) not only to Tirunelveli District, but also other neighboring Districts of Tuticorin, Nagercoil, Kanniyakumari, Virudunagar in Tamil Nadu and Trivandrum, Kerala State. 108

135 CHAPTER 5 ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES (TECHNOLOGY & SITE) 5.1 SITE SELECTION CRITERIA The reasons favorable to setting up the Indane Bottling Plant at SIPCOT, Gangaikondan village are, 1. The Plant is located in the SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre hence basic infrastructure of roads, power, water etc. is readily available. 2. Presently, there are no IOCL bottling plants in down south of Madurai, i.e. in the districts of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Kanyakumari and Nagercoil. Hence this plant can cater to the demands of the above districts and Trivandram, Kerala. 3. There is an estimated saving of Rs Crores/annum towards logistic cost. 4. The site is located near high demand area. 5. There is no likelihood of any residentialdevelopment in the vicinity of the Plant. 6. Possible mutual aid in emergency will be available in the Industrial Area. 7. There is potential for future growth in. demand 8. Adequate availability of land within the existing Bottling Plant for future expansion. Owing to the various advantages listed above, SIPCOT Industrial Growth Centre, Gangaikondan was chosen and no alternative sites were considered. 5.2 TECHNOLOGY SELECTION CRITERIA MOUNDED BULLETS Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) handling has many challenges due to its inherent dangerous properties. Some of the major fires/explosions have underlined the need for total in depth review of design, procedures maintenance fire fighting and safety aspects in LPG handling. The conventional method of storage of LPG in India is in a pressurised vessel installed aboveground. The mounded storage of LPG has proved to be safer compared to above ground storage vessels since it provides intrinsically passive and safe environment and eliminates the possibility of Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE). The cover of the mound protects the vessel from fire engulfment, radiation from a fire in close proximity and acts of sabotage or 109

136 vandalism. The area of land required to locate a mounded system is minimal compared to conventional storage. Mounded tanks are semi-conventional pressure vessels, covered by a layer of sand and stone aggregates. The cover of the mound protects the vessel from fire engulfment, radiation from a fire in close proximity and acts of sabotage or vandalism. MOC for Bullets : MS - IS 2041/2062 Fr Steel Plates. The dimensions of the mound are 9.11m (H) & 50m (L) x 64m (B). Excavation up to a depth of 0.75 M is done for construction of mounded bullet foundation (Below FGL). Bullets are fabricated at site and positioned on sand bed Total quantity of sand required is approximately 16,500 cu.m. i. SAFETY ASPECTS The mounded storage of LPG has proved to be safer compared to above ground storage vessels since it provides intrinsically passive and safe environment and eliminates the possibility of Boiling Liquid Expanding Vapour Explosion (BLEVE). The cover of the mound protects the vessel from fire engulfment, radiation from a fire in close proximity and acts of sabotage or vandalism. Mounded vessel(s) placed on a firm foundation will not suffer from flotation. Thus mounded tanks have the advantage over underground LPG tanks, which require protection against possible floatation. Mounding allows safety distances around the facility to be considerably reduced, compared to an equivalent unprotected design micron PU Paint (Poly Urethane) is painted on bullet surface. Cathodic Protection (CP) through sacrificial anode method is provided for all the three bullets for their corrosion protection. LPG tanks are totally protected from all weather conditions. 110

137 ii. ENVIRONMENTAL ASPECTS Large volume of water required for the fire systems of conventional storage are eliminated thus reducing the demand on valuable water sources, and problems associated with the drainage and disposal of the water. The extra cost associated with a mounded system is offset by the lower cost of the land required, and the virtual exclusion of fire fighting systems. Mounded LPG gas tanks can be landscaped to blend with the environment. 111

138 CHAPTER 6 ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING PROGRAM The main objective of environmental monitoring program is to check the efficiency of the EMP (Environmental Management Plan) and mitigation measures implementation and take corrective action needed. A well defined environmental monitoring program would be followed for the proposed project. It would be ensured that trained and qualified staff supervises the monitoring of ambient air, stack gases, effluents, noise etc. to see that prescribed standards laid down are obtained. Table 6.1 Environmental Monitoring Program Operation Phase S. No Potential Impact Action to be Followed Parameters for Monitoring Frequency of Monitoring 1. Air Emissions Emissions from D.G sets & Fire Engines. AAQ within the project premises and nearby habitations to be monitored. Gaseous emissions (SPM, SO 2, NO X,CO) PM 10 &PM 2.5, SO 2 & NO X As per CPCB/SPCB requirement As per CPCB/SPCB requirement All vehicles to be PUC certified. Meteorological data 2. Noise Noise generated from operation of Compressor, DG sets to be monitored. 3. Wastewater Discharge 4. Solid waste/ Hazardous waste No industrial or domestic waste water is discharged, hence no monitoring program is envisaged. Check compliance to HWM rules Vehicle logs to be maintained Wind speed, direction, temperature, relative humidity and rainfall. Spot Noise Level recording; Continuous monitoring using automatic weather station Periodic during operation phase Quality & quantity monitoring Periodically 112

139 5. Ground Water Quality and Water Levels Monitoring ground water quality, around plant site and levels Comprehensive monitoring as per IS Groundwater level BGL Periodically 6. Flora and fauna Vegetation, greenbelt / green cover development No. of plants, species Once a year 7. Soil quality Checking & Maintenance of good soil quality around Physico-chemical parameters and metals. Once a year 8. Health Employees and migrant labours health check up. All relevant parameters including HIV Regular checkups as per Factories Act. 6.1 AMBIENT AIR QUALITY The ambient air quality shall be monitored for PM 10, PM 2.5, SO 2 and NOx and frequency of monitoring shall be as per Terms of Reference (TOR) Guidelines and the results shall be compared with the CPCB norms. Table 6.2: Method of Testing PM 10 /PM 2.5 Name of Pollutant PM 10 /PM 2.5 Instrument Duration Respirable Dust Sampler (RDS) 24 Hourly Basis Mode Continuous Unit μg/m 3 Method EPA - 40 CFR (PART-50) Table 6.3: Method of Testing SO 2 Name of Pollutants Frequency Mode Sulphur Dioxide 24 Hourly Basis Continuous Unit μg/m 3 Method Modified West & Geake Method 113

140 Table 6.4: Method of Testing NO X Name of Pollutants Oxides of Nitrogen Frequency 24 Hourly Basis Mode Continuous Unit μg/m 3 Method Modified Jacob & Hochheiser Modified 114

141 CHAPTER 7 RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY 7.1 BRIEF SUMMARY OF RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY Good Engineering design in the equipment locations, Maintenance area, Emergency Exit Ways, Assembly areas and other risk mitigation measures are well planned and constructed in the plant. All the possible risks are taken into account and analyzed and mitigation measures have been implemented for the proposed project. Fire Fighting and Protection systems are well planned to mitigate the fire emergency situations. Fire fighting vehicle access is available outside the compound wall as the plant is surrounded by three side road access and one side vacant land. Risk involved in the offsite also considered and safety distances have been well defined and adequate distances have been allocated as per the Static and Mobile Pressure Vessels Rules requirements. Minimum Safety distances (87 meters ) between Truck unloading bay to the Mounded storage bullet pipe manifold area is well maintained. Risk Analysis, Pool fire model results Red Zone is about 51 meters.hence adequate space is available in the plant for fire fighting with safe distances. LPG Truck Unloading Shed shall be provided with proper drain systems to prevent stagnation of LPG Liquid causing Unconfined vapor cloud Explosion. LPG pump house monorail resting on the steel columns of the roof adequate structural stability shall be ensured. Vapor line to the mounded storages requires proper rigid support. Mounded storage manifold pipes shall be properly clamped with rigid supports. Emergency Access road from Cylinder filling shed to Emergency gate to be provided. TLD Bay number 7, Water spray nozzle to be fixed 5 inch away from the bay so that damage could be prevented. 115

142 Wooden packing is used in the LPG main Pipe line from the mounded storage shall be removed The complete RA study report has been enclosed as Annexure 6. Recommendations of RA study are detailed in the following table. 116

143 7.2 RECOMMENDATIONS OF RISK ASSESSMENT STUDY Table 7.1 Recommendations of Risk Assessment Study Sl no Recommendations 1) As per the Risk contour map for the LPG relief from SRV is to be considered as a major accident with the jet fire radiation distance of 150 Meters from the storages and hence Necessary onsite mock drill to be planned and conducted periodically. 2) Effectiveness of the Fire and Explosion mitigation measures shall be periodically measured, recorded and reviewed. 3) Necessary first aid measures to be adopted and followed for the persons who affected during fire / explosion emergency situations as a life saving measure in the site itself. 4) LPG Truck Unloading Shed Slope Shall be maintained in such a way that LPG Liquid causing Unconfined vapor cloud Explosion will be drained outside the periphery of the Trucks. 5) LPG pump house monorail resting on the steel columns of the roof system -adequate structural stability shall be ensured. 6) Vapor line to the mounded storages requires proper rigid support. 7) Mounded storage manifold pipes shall be properly clamped with rigid supports. 8) Emergency Access road from Cylinder filling shed to Emergency gate to be provided 9) Wooden packing is used in the LPG main Pipe line from the mounded storage shall be removed 10) TLD - Bay number 7, Water spry nozzle to be fixed 5 inch away from the bay so that damage could be Prevented. 11) As the Fire & Explosion Index for the Facility is Severe in the calculations, necessary Fire and Explosion protection measures shall always be ensured. 12) Offsite mock drill have to be conducted in consultation with district DRO and Directorate of Industrial Safety and Health ( DISH ) Tamilnadu. 117

144 CHAPTER 8 PROJECT BENEFITS 8.1 INTRODUCTION The present demand for packed LPG in Tamil Nadu is 1065 TMT as against the rated bottling capacity of 909 TMTPA as on 1st April 2015 a thereby deficit of 156 TMTPA. Demand is growing at 7% per annum. MOP&NG has mandated coverage of 75% population with LPG connection by the year including LPG connection in rural markets under RGGLV Scheme. The packed LPG demand projections in the State of Tamil Nadu are estimated to be 1396 TMTPA by the year Even after exhausting the available possibilities of additional capacity generation of 60 TPTMA in the existing LPG Bottling Plants in Tamil Nadu, the available LPG capacity would not be sufficient to meet the increased demand of 1065 TMT during the year Therefore there is a requirement of setting up a new LPG Bottling Plant in the state of Tamil Nadu. 8.2 DIRECT BENEFITS Presently, there are no IOCL bottling plants in down south of Madurai, i.e. in the districts of Tirunelveli, Tuticorin, Kanyakumari and Nagercoil. There is a backlog at times during monsoon season and festival seasons. In order to overcome this problem, a bottling plant is very much necessary to be established in Tirunelveli to cater to the customers in the above districts so that there would not be a shortfall in supplies and customers will not be affected on any account. Tirunelveli LPG BP shall be feeding this essential commodity (domestic LPG) not only to Tirunelveli District, but also other neighboring Districts of Tuticorin, Nagercoil, Kanyakumari, Virudunagar in Tamil Nadu and Trivandrum, Kerala State. Improves the quality of life by overcoming the health implications arising due to the use biomass fuel like wood, dung and crop residues. The overhead costs incurred during LPG cylinder transport through roads (trucks) from Madurai will be eliminated. There is an estimated saving of Rs Crores/annum to the nation towards logistic cost. 118

145 8.3 INDIRECT BENEFITS Decreased movement of trucks conveying LPG cylinders from Madurai to southern district will have a direct impact on the ambient air quality (i.e. fugitive emissions will be eliminated) & the existing traffic scenario. 8.4 CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY List of CSR activities that will be taken up by M/s IOCL as a part of CSR are, Timeframe (year) Activity Construction of Toilet Facility for Government Girls High School, Gangaikondan village at a cost of Rs 7.5 lacs School students sitting benches and desks for Gangaikondan village at a cost of Rs. 7.0 Lacs Construction of bore well and pipeline facility Chirancherry village at cost of Rs. 9.5 Lacs Provision of RO plant at Uraiyur village at a cost of Rs 9.5 Lac in Renovation of of Toilet Facility for Government High School, Chirancherry village at a cost of Rs 8.0 lacs Total 42 lakhs (0.5% of project cost) 119

146 CHAPTER 9 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT PLAN 9.1 INTRODUCTION EMP has been prepared taking into account the mitigation measures in order to synchronize the economic development of the study area with the environmental protection of the region. In accordance with the proposal submitted for obtaining fresh Environmental Clearance for the existing bulk LPG storage (1800MT) and the LPG throughput of 1,20,000MTPA through 2 LPG Filling Stations / Carousels, the EMP has been described only for Operation Phase of the project. 9.2 MANAGEMENT DURING OPERATION PHASE AIR ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT No emissions are generated during the operations as the entire bottling process is carried out through pipelines from Storage Area to Filling Shed. The only point sources of emissions are D.G sets & Fire Engines. A. POINT SOURCES OF EMISSIONS i. D.G sets 1 x 750 kva & 1 x 250 kva ii. Fire engine 3 nos. Fitted with stacks of adequate height to disperse the pollutants. B. NON-POINT SOURCES OF EMISSIONS i. Bullet trucks ii. Vendor trucks Adequate green belt has been developed to mitigate the pollution arising due to movement of vehicles. Regular monitoring of DG Stack and Ambient air quality monitoring will be carried out WATER ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT Sewage generated will be disposed through septic tanks & soak pits. Washing water generated from cylinder washing will be diverted to sedimentation traps fitted with oil separator & clarified water will be reused for cylinder washing. 120

147 9.2.3 NOISE ENVIRONMENT MANAGEMENT All noise generating equipment s like LPG compressor, DG-Sets etc., will be provided with acoustic enclosure to help in attenuating the noise levels thereby the ambient noise levels will be maintained below the CPCB limits of 75 db(a) for industrial areas SOLID & HAZARDOUS WASTE MANAGEMENT Municipal Solid waste generated onsite will be disposed will be disposed through local village body. Damaged cylinders and scraps will be sold to local scrap dealers. Spent oil generated will be disposed through TNPCB Authorized recyclers RAINWATER & STORM WATER DRAINAGE NETWORK Rain water harvesting system for Tirunelveli LPG Project has been designed to utilize the Underground water system sustainably. Keeping in mind the depleting Water Table across the country, storm water drains has been engineered in such a way that rain water can be collected into two rain water harvesting tanks placed at strategic locations so that underground water can be recharged and underground water table can be maintained. Sizes of rain water harvesting tanks are 2.5 mtr in diameter with depth of 5 mtrs and have been filled with brick bats to collect the water in case of heavy rain. Since much of the plant area including Truck Parking area has been covered with RCC Roads and Bitumen roads, Drains have been maintained to collect the storm water & rain water and using the natural slope of Plant, waters will be collected to Rain water Harvesting Tank. Size of rain water harvesting tanks: mtr in diameter with depth of 5 mtrs. The total cost of rain water harvesting system is Rs.25.0 Lacs. Excluding the cost of drains GREEN BELT DEVELOPMENT Green belt is being developed at 33% of total plot area. List of plants and the number of samplings planted are given in the below table. 121

148 Table 9.2 Details on greenbelt plantation S. No. List of tree saplings Nos. 1 Neem Tree Flame of the forest Cassia Fistula Samaneasaman Teak Indian Almond Pongamiapinnata 340 Total 1670 Figure 9.1 Avenue Plantation at entrance 122

149 Figure 9.2 Greenbelt around Administrative Building 9.3 ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT CELL Environment Management Cell (EMC) will look after the environment related matters during the operation phase of the project. EMC will perform the following assignments. Periodic monitoring of GMS and report any abnormalities for immediate corrective measures. Periodic monitoring of ambient air quality, ground and surface water quality. Periodic noise monitoring of the building zone and surrounding area. Regular monitoring of storm water drains. Green belt plantation, maintenance, development of other forms of greenery. Regular monitoring of garbage wastes. Development & maintenance of schemes for water conservation. 123

150 The Environmental Management Cell (EMC) will take the overall responsibility for coordination of the actions required for environmental management and mitigation, and for monitoring the progress of the proposed management plans and actions to be taken. Table 9.3 Responsibilities of Personnel of EMC Designation Sr. Plant Manager Safety Incharge Manager-Incharge Medical Officer (Part-time) Responsibility Overall planning, execution and management of environmental protective measures and monitoring of parameters and various Socio-economic measures, disaster management measures and training programs regularly. To ensure the activities are carried out as per the OSHAS standard and all the employed given safety a primary importance while working at the Plant Overall in-charge of Monitoring of Environmental parameters and effectiveness of environmental protective measures taken and decide about the additional protective measures in safe guarding the overall ecology and environment. Health check-up of working persons, for identifying occupational Health hazards, if any. The doctor will be available 3 days/week for periodic health monitoring. 9.4 SAFETY, HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENTAL POLICY OF IOCL Indian Oil Corporation is committed to conduct business with strong environment conscience ensuring sustainable development, safe workplaces and enrichment of quality of life of Employees, Customers and the Community. M/s IOCL believes that good S, H &E performance is an integral part of efficient and profitable business management. 124

151 Figure 9.3 Health, Safety & Environmental Policy of IOCL Accordingly, the Corporation's endeavor is to: Establish and maintain good standards for safety of the people, the processes and the assets. Comply with all Rules and Regulations on Safety, Occupational Health and Protection. Plan, design, operate and maintain all facilities, processes and procedures to secure sustained Safety, Health and Environmental Protection. Remain trained, equipped and ready for effective and prompt response to accidents and emergencies. Welcome audit of our S, H & E conduct by external body, so that stakeholderconfidence is safeguarded. Adopt and promote industry best practices to avert accidents and improve our S, H&E performance. 125