U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Overview

Transcription

1 U.S. Department of Energy Hydrogen and Fuel Cells Overview H2FC-FAIR Hannover, Germany April 9, 2013 Dr. Dimitrios Papageorgopoulos Fuel Cells Team Leader Fuel Cell Technologies Office U.S. Department of Energy 1 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

2 National Support for Clean Energy We ve got to invest in a serious, sustained, all-ofthe-above energy strategy that develops every resource available for the 21st century. President Barack Obama "Advancing hydrogen and fuel cell technology is an important part of the Energy Department's efforts to support the President's all-of-the-above energy strategy, helping to diversify America's energy sector and reduce our dependence on foreign oil." - Energy Secretary Steven Chu "Fuel cells are an important part of our energy portfolio deployments in early markets are helping to drive innovations in fuel cell technologies across multiple applications." - Dr. David Danielson Assistant Secretary for Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy 2 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

3 Overview Fuel Cells An Emerging Global Industry Source: Clean Energy Patent Growth Index Fuel Cell Patents Geographic Distribution Japan 33% United States 44% Korea 7% Top 10 companies: GM, Honda, Samsung, Toyota, UTC Power, Nissan, Ballard, Plug Power, Panasonic, Delphi Technologies Germany 6% France 2% Taiwan 2% Canada 2% Other 3% Great Britain 1% Clean Energy Patent Growth Index [1] shows that fuel cell patents lead in the clean energy field with over 1,000 fuel cell patents issued in [1] 3 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

4 Worldwide Investment & Interest Are Strong and Growing Interest in fuel cells and hydrogen is global, with more than $1 billion in public investment in RD&D annually. Examples of Global Players in addition to the U.S. Japan: $242 million in FY12, $400 million requested for FY13 (~$1.0 Billion in funding for FY08 FY12); Nearly 30,000 residential fuel cells deployed (40,000 by April 2013) Plans for 2 million FCEVs and 1000 H 2 stations by 2025 (100 stations by 2015) Worldwide fuel cell markets continue to grow (>20,000 units shipped in 2011; >35% increase over 2010), Germany: >$1.2 Billion in funding ( 07 16) plans for 1,000 hydrogen stations >22,000 small fuel cells shipped. European Union: >$1.2 Billion in funding ( 08 13) South Korea: ~$590 M ( 04-11); plans to produce 20% of world shipments and create 560,000 jobs in Korea China: Thousands of small units deployed; 70 FCEVs, buses, 100 FC shuttles at World Expo and Olympics Sources: Pike Research, BTI, DOE Fuel Cells Market Report 4 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

5 Plans for FCEVs and H 2 Infrastructure Major public-private partnerships have been formed, and plans have been developed for the rollout of FCEVs and hydrogen infrastructure by Hydrogen Supply/Utilization Technology (HySUT). 18 companies, including 3 auto companies, have announced plans to commercialize FCEVs and provide infrastructure by By 2015: 100 H 2 stations and FCEVs launched in 4 urban areas Toyota, Nissan, Honda, JX Nippon Oil, Idemitsu Kosan, Iwatani, Osaka Gas, Cosmo Oil, Saibu Gas, Showa Shell Sekiyu K.K., Taiyo Nippon Sanso, Tokyo Gas, Toho Gas, Japan Petroleum Energy Center, Engineering Advancement Assn. of Japan, Kawasaki Heavy Industries, Air Liquide Japan, and Mitsubishi Kakoki Kaisha, Ltd. Current Status: >220 hydrogen stations in operation worldwide (with >100 in planning stages) H 2 Mobility. Public private initiative for nationwide H 2 infrastructure will develop into joint venture to install stations. By 2015: 50 H 2 stations (public-private funds committed); and 5,000 FCEVs expected on the road National Organization of Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Technology (NOW Gmbh), Daimler, GM, Toyota, Nissan, Hyundai Kia, Volkswagen, BMW, Siemens, EnBW, Linde, OMV, Shell, Total, Vattenfall, EnBW, Air Liquide, Air Products UKH 2 Mobility. Evaluating anticipated FCEV rollout in Will develop action plan to make UK a leading market for FCEVs Air Liquide, Air Products, Daimler, Hyundai, ITM Power, Johnson Matthew, Nissan, Scottish & Southern Energy, Tata Motors, The BOC Group, Toyota, Vauxhall Motors, and 3 gov t departments (Business, Innovation & Skills; Energy; and Transport) >500 FCEVs demonstrated worldwide >100 fuel cell buses estimated worldwide Scandinavian H 2 Highway Partnership (SHHP) Partnership of Hydrogen Link (Denmark), HyNor (Norway) and Hydrogen Sweden. Goals is to establish a network of 45 H 2 stations (15 main stations, 30 satellite stations) and a large fleet of vehicles (500 cars, 100 buses, 500 specialty vehicles). Projects include H2Moves Scandinavia and Next Move MOU signed October 2012: 4 auto companies (Toyota, Nissan, Honda, Hyundai), 3 H 2 infrastructure companies (HyOP AS, H2 Logic A/S, Copenhagen H 2 Network A/S), and 5 NGOs agreed to introduce FCEVs and H 2 infrastructure by timeframe. 5 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

6 DOE Program Overview The Program is an integrated effort, structured to address all the key challenges and obstacles facing widespread commercialization. Nearly 300 projects currently funded at companies, national labs, and universities/institutes >$1 billion in the last 6 years Released September 2011 Update to the Hydrogen Posture Plan (2006) Includes Four DOE Offices EERE, FE, NE and Science 6 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

7 Federal Role in Fuel Cells: RD&D to Deployments DOE R&D Reduces cost and improves performance Examples of progress: Transportation Fuel Cell System Cost $300 - projected to high-volume (500,000 units per year) - $250 Status: $47/kW $200 (high vol) $150 Target: $100 $30/kW $50 $ Reduced cost of fuel cells 35% since 2008, 83% since 2002 Reduced cost of electrolyzer stacks 60% since 2007 DOE Demonstrations & Technology Validation Validate advanced technologies under realworld conditions Feedback guides R&D Demonstrated >180 FCEVs, 25 stations, 3.6 million miles traveled Examples validated: 59% efficiency 254 mile range (independently validated 430-mile range) 75,000-mi durability Demonstrated world s first tri-gen station (250 kw on biogas, 100 kg/d) Program also includes enabling activities such as codes & standards, analysis, and education. Deployments DOE Recovery Act Projects DOE Loan Guarantees (TBD) Government Early Adoption (DoD, FAA, California, etc.) Tax Credits: 1603, 48C Recovery Act & Market Transformation Deployments > 1,000 fuel cells deployed 7 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

8 High-Impact Areas Addressed PEMFC for Automotive Applications Example Strategic technical analysis guides focus areas for R&D and priorities. Need to reduce cost to $30/kW and increase durability from 2,500 to 5,000 hours. Advances in PEMFC materials and components could benefit a range of applications PEMFC Stack Cost Breakdown Key Focus Areas for R&D Membrane cost is projected to be the largest single component of the cost of a PEMFC manufactured at low volume; the electrocatalyst cost at high volume Sensitivity Analysis helps guide R&D Strategies to Address Challenges Catalyst Examples Lower PGM Content Pt Alloys Novel Support Structures Non-PGM catalysts 8 Fuel Cell Technologies Program eere.energy.gov

9 Progress Example Fuel Cells Projected high-volume cost of fuel cells has been reduced to $47/kW (2012)* More than 35% reduction since 2008 More than 80% reduction since 2002 More than 5-fold reduction in PGM Need continued R&D to reduce PGM and achieve durability targets (5,000 hrs) System Cost ($/kw net ) $300 $250 $200 $150 $100 $50 $0 $300 $250 $200 $275/kW Projected Transportation Fuel Cell System Cost -projected to high-volume (500,000 units per year)- Initial Estimate Balance of Plant ($/kw, includes assembly & testing) Stack ($/kw) $108/kW $94/kW $73/kW $61/kW $51/kW Current status: $47/kW vs target of $30/kW $49/kW $47/kW Target $30/kW Projected Costs at Different Manufacturing Rates $281 $ Cost 2012 Status $143 $150 $118 $110 $94 *Based on projection to high-volume manufacturing (500,000 $100 $84 $71 $59 units/year). The projected cost status is based on an analysis of $55 $47 state-of-the-art components that have been developed and $50 demonstrated through the DOE Program at the laboratory scale. Additional efforts would be needed for integration of $0 components into a complete automotive system that meets 01, durability requirements in real-world conditions. Annual Production Rate (systems/year) 9 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

10 Hydrogen Production Strategies Goal: Develop technologies to produce hydrogen from clean, domestic resources at a delivered and dispensed cost of $2-$4/gge H 2 10 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

11 Hydrogen Delivery Station costs dominate delivery costs key focus area. Hydrogen Delivery Cost (high volume) Refueling Station Cost (2011 Technology) Electrical 3% Dispenser 5% Remainder of Station 7% Refrigeration 8% Compression 53% Storage 24% *Based on preliminary HDSAM (v2.3) analysis assuming 10% market penetration in a city with a population of 1.5M Fueling Station (CSD) Projections (high volume) Centralized Production Distributed Production 2011 Projected Cost* $1.70-$2.20/kg $2.50/kg 2020 Projected Cost* <$0.70/kg <$1.70/kg Delivery Focus Identify cost drivers for H 2 delivery in early market applications Evaluate options to improve station compressor reliability Investigate the role of high-pressure tube trailers in reducing station costs 11 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

12 Hydrogen Storage 2,986 unique entries 4,881 page views and 2,172 unique page views Launched open source database* on Hydrogen Storage Materials Properties: 1,781 visits by 1,252 visitors from 37 countries 2.74 pages per visit average and 3:34 average visit duration 47 languages 24 visits were conducted via a mobile/tablet device * Presented to President s Materials Genome Initiative Interagency Working Group 12 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

13 Technology Validation Completed world s largest single FCEV & H 2 Demonstration to date (50-50 DOE-Industry cost share) >180 fuel cell vehicles and 25 hydrogen stations 3.6 million miles traveled; 500,000 trips ~152,000 kg of hydrogen produced or dispensed; >33,000 refuelings Status Project Target Durability ~2,500 2,000 Range * 250* Efficiency 53 59% 60% Refueling Rate 0.77 kg/min 1 kg/min H 2 Cost at Station Status (NG Reforming) $ $10.30/kg Status (Electroylsis) $ $12.90/kg Ultimate Target $ $4.00/kg Air Products BP Chevron Partners Daimler Hyundai Ford Kia GM UTC Power National Fuel Cell Bus Program (DOT) Demonstrating fuel cell buses for passenger service (NREL data collection) Report published on 18 fuel cell buses at three transit agencies In 1 year: > 250,000 miles ~12,000 hours durability 2x higher fuel economy than conventional buses *Independently validated a vehicle that can achieve a 430 mile range. 13 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

14 Technology Validation: Tri-Generation Tri-Generation co-produces power, heat and hydrogen. World s First Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Energy Station demonstrated in Orange County (DOE project) Demonstrated world s first Trigeneration station (CHHP with 54% efficiency) -Anaerobic digestion of municipal wastewater- Fountain Valley demonstration ~250 kw of electricity ~100 kg/day hydrogen capacity (350 and 700 bar), enough to fuel 25 to 50 vehicles. Gas or Biogas H 2 is produced at anode FuelCell Energy Co-funded by DOE/FCT and multiple partners Air Products Partners U.S. DOE South Coast Air Quality Management District Air Products California Air Resources Board FuelCell Energy UC Irvine 14 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

15 Options for Early Hydrogen Infrastructure Current Status Over 9MMT of H 2 produced per year Over 1,200 miles of H 2 pipelines in use (CA, TX, LA, IL, and IN) Over 50 fueling stations in the U.S. Two Main Options for Low-cost Early Infrastructure H 2 delivered from central site Low-volume stations (~ kg/day) would cost <$1M and provide hydrogen for $7/gge (e.g., high-pressure tube trailers, with pathway to $5/gge at kg/day) Distributed production (e.g. natural gas, electrolysis) Other options Co-produce H 2, heat and power (trigen) with natural gas or biogas Hydrogen from waste (industrial, wastewater, landfills) Existing Hydrogen Production Facilities Natural Gas Pipeline Network, Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

16 Hydrogen and Fuel Cell Initiatives at the State Level Several states including California, Connecticut, Hawaii, Ohio, New York, and South Carolina have major hydrogen and fuel cell programs underway. California FCEVs and Fuel Cell Buses > 560 vehicles in operation since 1999 ~230 currently operating ~ 5 million miles driven > 1 million passengers on fuel cell buses H 2 Station Investment 20 stations including planned/funded ~$34M invested (CARB and CEC) $5.5M invested by SCAQMD ~$29M available (CEC solicitation currently closed) $20M proposed for 2013/14 (CEC) New Jersey Launched grant program to support CHP or standalone fuel cell projects (>1 MW systems). CHP systems must have an annual system efficiency of 65% of LHV and fuel cell projects must achieve efficiencies of 45% of HHV. Maximum award of $3M per project. Industry Investment: Six automakers, potential total investment of ~$3.0 Billion State Investment: NY developing preliminary plans to provide up to $50M to support infrastructure rollout while leveraging >$165M in Federal vehicle incentives for initial FCEV deployment New York Preliminary: Example of potential plan for hydrogen station network by 2020 to support minimum of 50,000 FCEVs plan starts in 2015 with 1500 vehicles and 20 stations New York s 100-station Plan Hawaii Agreement signed by 12 stakeholders including GM, utilities, hydrogen providers, DOD, DOE to establish hydrogen as a major part of the solution to Hawaii s energy challenges. 15 GM FCEVs currently in demonstrations with military Renewable hydrogen (from geothermal and wind energy) will be used for buses Goals include a nascent refueling infrastructure on Oahu by 2015 to support initial deployments of government and industry FCEV fleets Hydrogen Stations in Planning / Development Stage - OAHU 16 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

17 Example of Collaboration: Tracking Durability, Performance, Cost Aggregated results provide a benchmark in time of state-of-the-art fuel cell durability. Results include 82 data sets from 10 fuel cell developers. Please send inquiries Fuelcelldatacenter@ee.doe.gov 17 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

18 Example of Collaboration: Safety, Codes and Standards Fuel Cell System Safety Reports by Severity - ARRA and Report Type 2011Q4 Near Miss Severity Alarms Only Electrical Issue Equipment Malfunction H2 Release - Minor, NO Ignition Incident H2 Release - Significant, NO Ignition Non-H2 Fire Operator Protocol Other 1 (user defined) Number of Reports Source: Hydrogen Safety Bibliographic Database Permitting Hydrogen Facilities Introduction to Hydrogen for Code Officials Hydrogen Safety Best Practices Manual Other Supporting Websites H 2 Safety Snapshot bulletin Introduction to Hydrogen Safety for First Responders Hydrogen Incident Reporting Database Trained > 23,000 first-responders and code officials on hydrogen safety and permitting through on-line and in-classroom courses 206 Lessons Learned Events in "H2Incidents.org" Approximately 750 entries in the Hydrogen Safety Bibliographic Database 18 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

19 Summary: Program Impact Example of Impact: ~$70M in funding for specific projects was tracked and found to have led to nearly $200M in industry investment and revenues. DOE FCT funding has enabled: > 80% cost reduction in PEM fuel cells since 2002, > 35% since 2008 Reduction in Pt by a factor of 5 since 2005 > Double the durability since 2006 > 80% cost reduction in electrolyzer stacks in the last decade FCT Patent Breakdown Fuel Cells Production & Delivery Storage Leveraging DOE funds: Early market deployments of ~1,400 have led to >5,000 additional purchases by industry with no DOE funding ~1,400 DOE cost-shared deployments >5,000 purchases without DOE funding DOE costshared deployments led to >3X additional purchases. 100 Backup Power Lift Trucks 0 Total Patents Licensed Seeking to License Recovery Act and Market Transformation Government as catalyst for market success of emerging technologies. 19 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

20 American Recovery & Reinvestment Act: Status & Deployments Examples of Participating industry* sectors in DOE ARRA projects Telecommunications (e.g. AT&T, PG&E. Sprint, etc.) Distribution Centers/Warehouses (e.g. FedEx, Genco, Sysco, Wegmans, Whole Foods, etc.) MORE THAN 3,500 ADDITIONAL FUEL CELL LIFT TRUCKS PLANNED OR INSTALLED with NO DOE funding Fuel Cell Deployment Status April 2012 DOE: $42 M Cost-share: $54 M Total: $96 M Application Currently Operational (#) Originally Planned (#) APU 1 1 Backup Power Material Handling Stationary 2 6 Total 1,241 Up to 1,000 From National Renewable Energy Laboratory *Provided as examples and not intended as endorsement 20 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

21 Future Plans - Summary Continue to promote and strengthen R&D activities Hydrogen, fuel cells, safety, manufacturing, etc. Cost, performance, durability need to be addressed Conduct strategic, selective demonstrations of innovative technologies Industry cost share and potential to accelerate market transformation 4 new awards for advanced technology & data collection at stations Continue to conduct key analyses to guide RD&D and path forward Life cycle cost; economic & environmental analyses, etc. Leverage activities to maximize impact U.S. and global partnerships H2USA: Public-Private partnership to enable widespread commercialization of hydrogen vehicles in the United States 21 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

22 Acknowledgements DOC DOD DOE DOT Federal Agencies EPA GSA DOI DHS Interagency coordination through stafflevel Interagency Working Group (meets monthly) Assistant Secretary-level Interagency Task Force mandated by EPACT Universities ~ 50 projects with 40 universities International IEA Implementing agreements 25 countries International Partnership for Hydrogen & Fuel Cells in the Economy 17 countries & EC NASA NSF USDA USPS National Renewable Energy Laboratory P&D, S, FC, A, SC&S, TV, MN Argonne A, FC, P&D, SC&S Los Alamos S, FC, SC&S External Input Annual Merit Review & Peer Evaluation H2 & Fuel Cell Technical Advisory Committee National Academies, GAO, etc. DOE Hydrogen & Fuel Cells Program National Laboratories Sandia P&D, S, SC&S Pacific Northwest P&D, S, FC, SC&S, A Oak Ridge P&D, S, FC, A, SC&S Lawrence Berkeley FC, A Other Federal Labs: Jet Propulsion Lab, National Institute of Standards & Technology, National Energy Technology Lab (NETL) Industry Partnerships & Stakeholder Assn s. Tech Teams (U.S. DRIVE) Fuel Cell and Hydrogen Energy Association (FCHEA) Hydrogen Utility Group ~ 65 projects with 50 companies State & Regional Partnerships California Fuel Cell Partnership California Stationary Fuel Cell Collaborative SC H 2 & Fuel Cell Alliance Upper Midwest Hydrogen Initiative Ohio Fuel Coalition Connecticut Center for Advanced Technology Lawrence Livermore P&D, S, SC&S Savannah River S, P&D Brookhaven S, FC Idaho National Lab P&D P&D = Production & Delivery; S = Storage; FC = Fuel Cells; A = Analysis; SC&S = Safety, Codes & Standards; TV = Technology Validation, MN = Manufacturing 22 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov

23 Thank You hydrogenandfuelcells.energy.gov 23 Fuel Cell Technologies Program Source: US DOE 4/23/2013 eere.energy.gov