The Ketzin CO 2 storage pilot site

Transcription

1 The Ketzin CO 2 storage pilot site CO 2 back production and site abandonment: the CO 2 extraction experiment Ben Norden GFZ German Research Centre for Geosciences

2 The Ketzin pilot site - Europe s first on-shore CO 2 storage site

3 The Ketzin CO2 Storage Pilot Site 3D seismic study area K2 Reflector (Top Weser Fm.) Monitoring Network Meeting CO2 Extraction Experiment

4 Life cycle phases of the Ketzin pilot site Phase 1 Assessment Phase 2 Characterization Phase 3 Development April 2004 Start CO2SINK June 2008 Start Injection 2011 Additional Monitoring well drilled 2005 Seismic; natural CO 2 flux baseline completed Phase 4 Operation 2012 Coring of Caprock and CO 2 reservoir ongoing Phase 5 Post-Closure Pre-Transfer August 2013 End Injection June 2006 Drilling Permit: 1 injection, 2 observation wells drilled 2007 Oct Start Well Abandonment upcoming Oct 2014 CO 2 Backproduction June 2008 Injection Permit Phase 6 Post Transfer

5 surface Research infrastructure with five wells The Ketzin pilot site west of Berlin overburden P m Ktzi 202 reservoir Ktzi 201 Ktzi 203 Ktzi 200 Visitor centre

6 Time-lapse amplitudes at top Stuttgart used for imaging the lateral extension of CO 2 1st Repeat Fall 2009 (~22 kt CO 2 ) 2nd Repeat Fall 2012 (~61 kt CO 2 ) 3356 CO 2 signature indicates a WNW ESE propagation far away from the "spill-point" and the central fault zone

7 Main challenges of the back-production test Behavior of CO 2 reservoir and wellbore Continuous pt-measurements Composition of back-produced gas and brine Gas and water analysis Spreading of the back-produced CO 2 at the surface Atmospheric monitoring using Eddy covariance (EC) and infrared spectroscopy (IR) (UFZ, BGR)

8 The Ketzin Storage Site Injection Data Start of injection: June 30, 2008 End of injection: August 29, 2013 CO 2 sources and injection experiments: Food-grade CO 2 (Linde), > 99.9% May to June, 2011: 1,515 t CO 2 from Schwarze Pumpe oxyfuel pilot plant (Vattenfall), > 99.7% March to July, 2013: cold-injection experiment July to August, 2013: CO 2 -N 2 (95/5) coinjection experiment with isotopically labled CO 2 Mass injected: 67,271 t CO 2

9 Injection history at Ketzin SF 6 Kr Kr/SF 6 smooth injection process no safety issues

10 Schematic of the test infrastructure Ktzi 201 Time span: 15 th of Oct. to 27 th of Oct Flow meter Mass of CO 2 : 240 t Mass of water: 55 m 3

11 Overview on the CO 2 production regime Produced CO 2, cumulative [kg] CO 2 production rate [kg/h] Rates: Tests up to 3600 kg/h 800 kg/h 1600 kg/h 12 h at 800 kg/h and 12 h stop Data set published by Möller et al. (2015) DOI: /GFZ.b (Plus supplement: /GFZ.CGS )

12 Analysis of produced gas in accordance with expectations due to injection history N 2, SF 6, Kr concentration (%) ,1 0,01 0,001 0,0001 N 2 SF 6 CO 2 N2 Kr SF6 CO2 100 >97 % CO 2 with <3 % N 2 99,5 Minor amounts 99 of Kr and SF 6 98,5 from previous tracer tests 98 97, , ,5 CO 2 concentration (%) 0,

13 Wellhead and downhole P/T data at well Ktzi kg/h 1600 kg/h 12 h production, 12 h stop 550 m Wellhead pressure 550 m Wellhead temperature

14 Inventory of the geoelectric monitoring at Ketzin Permanent downhole array & periodic surface-downhole (SD) surveys consistently imaged a CO 2 -related resistivity signature throughout the injection history.

15 Contact resistivities during back production

16 ERT monitoring indicates back-flow of brine in the near-wellbore region of Ktzi 201 well Depth (m) Ktzi 201 -> Ktzi (m) October 8, 2014 October 15, 2014 October 18, 2014 October 25, 2014 Back-production test Vertical Electrical Resistivity Array

17 Atmospheric monitoring (UFZ/BGR) Open-path Fouriertransform infrared (OP- FTIR) spectroscopy could detect various chemical compounds simultaneously Meteorological data essential for evaluation and planning of monitoring Wind conditions may hinder the registration Application for industrial purposes site dependent Imaging of ambient air conditions using passive OP-FTIR scanning (only one ray path) Schütze et al., subm. to Energy Procedia (2015)

18 Safe CO 2 back-production is feasible at Ketzin 240 t CO 2 and 55 m 3 brine were produced during a two-week field test at Ketzin in October The field experiment was performed at stable reservoir and wellbore conditions. Back-produced gas consists of >97 % CO 2. Most important minor component is N 2 with <3 % probably resulting from the CO 2 -N 2 co-injection experiment in The results gained at Ketzin refer to the pilot scale. Upscaling of the results to industrial scale is possible but must be first tested and validated at demo projects. Further analysis and integration of the available data is on the way (-> calibration of numerical simulations, reservoir characteristics)