The European Commission s science and knowledge service Joint Research Centre

Transcription

1 The European Commission s science and knowledge service Joint Research Centre Towards the implementation of fertilisers derived from secondary raw materials in the EU Fertiliser Regulation CMC struvite, ash-based products and biochar

2 STRUBIAS definitions STRuvite (MgNH 4 PO 4.6H 2 O, EINECS ): an orthophosphate, containing nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and magnesium (Mg) ions in equal molar concentrations. BIochar is defined as biomass that has been produced via a gasification or pyrolysis process in a zero or low oxygen environment for its posterior use as a soil amendment. ASh-based products are products derived from ashes generated through incineration of biomass and waste materials. These include both raw ashes and ashes that have been further processed.

3 Introduction Future CMCs for struvite, biochar, ashes BOX= Legislative proposals based on JRC technoscientific analysis

4 Substitution potential feedstock availability and use of primary and secondary raw materials P-fertiliser production process efficiency Plant P availability in product (agronomic efficiency) market of fertilisers derived from primary and secondary raw materials Plant available P from secondary raw materials Plant available P from primary raw materials substitution potential market drivers: price product properties environmental legislation farmer's perception and acceptance

5 feedstock availability "Excess" P for recycling in secondary raw materials ~ mineral P-input Manure dominates fraction (64%), followed by slaughterhouse waste (18%) and sewage (12%) Minor contribution for crop and wood residues, waste from food and food processing. feedstock availability of secondary raw materials Feedstock P availability ~ 1.55 Mt yr-1 mineral P fertiliser consumption ~ 1.20 Mt yr-1

6 Maximum substitution potential Based on full use of feedstock for STRUBIAS production Based on feedstock availability moving in tandem with P fertiliser inputs to 2030 Brackets provide present typical values (under study) struvite ash-based products biochar total feedstock availability (kt yr -1 ) recovery efficiency (%) relative agronomic efficiency (%) 8-40 (15) (85) (80) (95) (60) (85) recovered plant available P (kt yr-1) (210) (750) (870) Replacement potential considering maximum use of available feedstock (%) 8-59 (17.5) (62.5) (73)

7 Substitution potential "traditional" P-fertilisers STRUBIAS (<1%) STRUBIAS slow release "new" "traditional" P- fertilisers derived from secondary raw materials Mid-term substitution potential for the year 2030 uncertain: Technological advances that further decrease cost for production of "secondary fertilisers" (life cycle cost assessments under study) Avoided damage cost associated to not removing nutrients from waste streams (~ monetary valuation of ecosystem services) Farmer's perception, appreciation of slow-release fertiliser and longterm P reserves Availability of good quality phosphate rock => Hypothetical scenarios are presented here!

8 Hypothetical 2030 Scenarios Maximum potential: 1. Techno-economic limitations for challenging production processes and low market acceptance for 'new' P-fertilisers 2. + P-recovery from pig and poultry manure 3. + Geopolitical issues restrict imports of P rock => Hypothetical scenarios are presented here!

9 Hypothetical 2030 Scenario 1 Maximum potential: Techno-economic limitations for challenging production processes Secondary raw materials are exclusively used as an intermediate for the production of existing mineral-p fertilisers 1000 kt yr kt yr -1 recovery efficiency 97% recovery efficiency 97% relative agronomic relative relative agronomic efficiency agronomic 100% efficiency efficiency 100% 100% 190 kt yr -1 recovery efficiency 15% struvite biochar ash-based product "traditional" fertilisers from primary raw materials %

10 Hypothetical 2030 Scenario 2 Maximum potential: + P-recovery from pig and poultry manure 360 kt yr kt yr kt yr kt yr -1 struvite biochar ash-based product recovery efficiency 85% relative agronomic efficiency 60% recovery efficiency 15% relative agronomic efficiency 95% recovery efficiency recovery 97% efficiency 97% relative agronomic relative agronomic efficiency 90% efficiency 100% % "traditional" fertilisers from primary raw materials

11 Hypothetical 2030 Scenario 3 Maximum potential: + Geopolitical issues restrict imports of P rock High market acceptance of 'new' P-fertilisers 667 kt yr kt yr -1 recovery efficiency 80% relative agronomic efficiency 85% recovery efficiency 40% relative agronomic efficiency 95% 280 kt yr kt yr -1 recovery efficiency 85% relative agronomic recovery recovery efficiency efficiency 97% efficiency 80% 60% relative relative agronomic agronomic efficiency efficiency 100% 85% struvite biochar ash-based 184 product % "traditional" fertilisers from primary raw materials

12 Upcoming work Moving towards more realistic estimates Relative agronomic efficiency as a function of soil and crop type, application rate, climate conditions, etc. Cost and energy estimates of STRUBIAS production pathways using life cycle approach

13 JRC STRUBIAS work Provisional time line Project start Background Document Kick-off Meeting Time Nov, July, 2016 Feedback sub-group Interim report with proposal for criteria * Interim report on impact assessment * Sept, 2016 May, 2017 February 2018 * followed by written consultation of the sub-group Project progress. Final Meeting Final Report December 2018 May, 2018

14 Summary of observations at this stage Importance of creating an EU-wide legal framework for fertilisers originating from secondary raw materials in order to promote and incentivise nutrient recovery Current market for STRUBIAS is limited. Hypothetical scenarios present maximum feedstock use. Real future substitution rates will depend on many market and policy developments and are impossible to predict at this stage Manure, slaughterhouse waste and sewage are the most important feedstocks for "secondary" P-fertilisers Future market potential for fertilisers derived from secondary raw materials dependent on cost of production and avoided damages to the environment, agronomic value, farmer's acceptance for new products and limitations for phosphate rock