Emerging Energy-Efficient and Renewable Building Technologies

Transcription

1 Emerging Energy-Efficient and Renewable Building Technologies Patrick Hughes, Director ORNL Building Technologies Research & Integration Center for NDIA Symposium Track: Energy 1, 8:30 AM May 7, 2009

2 Context ORNL s Buildings R&D Scope Energy efficient components (envelope, equipment/appliances) Whole-building integration Building-integrated renewable energy supplies Spans residential and commercial, new and retrofit Today: Zero Energy Homes R&D via ZEBRAlliance : five Habitat for Humanity research houses (Lenoir City) : three TVA research houses (West Knoxville) : four Schaad Company research houses (near ORNL)

3 Home Energy Rating (Miles Per Gallon) Home Energy Rating System (HERS) Over 100: existing homes 100: new home built to code 85: Energy Star 70: Builders Challenge 0: Zero Energy Home Characteristics desired of a rating Available when purchase decisions are being made Simple so any owner or tenant would understand The rating scale is useful for explaining our research (but is still a work in progress) 3 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy

4 : 12 Houses (5 Habitat, 7 Full-Sized) One TVA Builder House One TVA Retrofit House One TVA Research House Four Schaad Research Houses Five Habitat Research Houses

5 What ORNL brings to ZEBRAlliance? Advanced technology, existing housing audit/retrofit expertise Whole-building integration expertise for new construction Industry partners (commercialization paths for anything new) What Schaad Companies brings to ZEBRAlliance? Investment: land, bricks, and mortar High-quality construction expertise Desire to learn, be a leader, willingness to share what is learned with peers Sponsors (DOE and Tennessee Valley Authority (TVA)) Willingness to sponsor ORNL to work with Alliance partners to further own goals TVA goal : defer 1,400 MW by 2012 DOE goal: zero energy homes by 2020 ZEBRAlliance Low-HERS Research: affordable ways to go lower (new/retrofit) Low-HERS Education: build consumer demand, builder/contractor capacity 5 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy

6 Sponsors for the 1 st ZEBRAlliance Project Schaad Companies & Industry Partners 36% TVA 16% DOE 48% Breakout by DOE Building Technologies Program Element: Building America 10% HVAC/Water Heating 13% Envelope 10% Analysis Tools 15% 6 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy

7 Partner Business Case is TN Valley Market 7 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy

8 Five Years ( ) Five Near Zero Energy Houses: 50% Savers in Mixed-Humid Climate Energy Consumption (kwh/yr) Habitat for Humanity Lenoir City, TN ZEH1 ZEH2 ZEH3 40% Savers vs EnergyStar, (50% vs Code) 20,000 15,000 10,000 5, % Solar Base ZEH1ZEH2 ZEH3 ZEH4 ZEH5 Solar Grid Base ZEH5 ZEH4 Tennessee Valley Authority Residential rate: 9 /kwh Solar power buyback rate: 15 /kwh

9 Motivation and Strategy for the Full- Sized Research Houses Habitat for Humanity research house experience Half the energy and same cost to own and operate Show me in houses that are saleable to mainstream Strategy for Schaad Companies s four houses Determine true cost (in volume) and performance of Four deep-savings envelope strategies Several advanced equipment/appliance /controls configurations Demand responsive grid integration (whether smart grid or not) Rooftop solar PV 9 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy

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11 Structural Insulated Panels (SIPs) Strategy Airtight High-R Fast at the site Eliminates framing thermal short circuits New construction only Commercially available

12 Phase Change Material (PCM) Strategy Installation Approach Remains the Same PCM-enhanced blown cellulose Thermal energy storage (TES) insulation Cellulose with 20% by weight PCM 12 in. insulation = 4 in. concrete Insulation effective-r doubles Compatible with airtight systems This first whole-house demo will determine: Energy and peak load reduction Peak period comfort (shed HVAC) New & retrofit Commercially available

13 Exterior Insulation Finishing System (EIFS) Strategy New or Re-Purposed Existing Buildings Aesthetic (many options) Airtight High-R Eliminates framing thermal short circuits New self-drying designs Moisture durability no longer an issue New & retrofit Commercially available EIFS Industry Members Association (EIMA)

14 Optimal Value Framing Strategy 2x6 s, 24 inches on center Studs aligned with rafters Cuts framing thermal short circuits in half Compatible with airtight systems New construction only Framers can do it With oversight 14 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy

15 Foundation Heat Exchanger (FHX) Saves energy & reduces peak demand Enables use of geothermal (groundsource) heat pump Reduces cost Uses excavations needed anyway to build the house No extra digging or drilling Retrofit? (normal loops not FHX) Water Meter Summer 2006 Summer 2007 Temperatures (ºF) Leaving Heat Pump Entering Heat Pump Undisturbed Earth Footer Drainage Sewer Tap

16 FHX ZEHcor

17 ZEHcor Interior Utility Wall Saves energy Imposes floor plan discipline Reduces hot water distribution losses Enables integration that could never be done reliably on-site Reduces cost Pre-fabrication in a controlled environment Greater labor productivity Less materials waste New construction only ZEHcor

18 Cool Colored Roof and Wall Exteriors Flat Roofs White Reduce Bake Temp Less Cooling Walls & Sloped Roofs Cool Colors Reflect solar, reduce cooling White is best Dirty white not appealing Cool colors next best Infrared reflective pigments Bake temp 20 30ºF lower Use where cooling dominated Available for most roofing Concrete or clay tile, painted metal, stone coated metal, asphalt shingle Available in wall paints New & retrofit 18 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy

19 Major Brand Name Firms are Bringing Heat Pump Water Heaters to Market in 2009 ORNL s industry partner is GE DOE announced new ENERGY STAR water heater criteria April 2008 Compared to electric storage WH Must be twice as efficient, etc. GE announced product the next day For-sale in 4 th quarter CY 2009 Other major brands hinting they may do the same GE units are currently under test in lab and in houses New & retrofit 19 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy Accelerated Durability Testing

20 Ground-Source Integrated Heat Pumps are Coming ORNL s industry partner is ClimateMaster A single unit in lieu of separate heating and cooling, water heater and dehumidifier Same amenities, 50-60% less energy Enables shorter loop (in areas where loop is sized on cooling) Prototype in ZEBRAlliance house by winter 2009 Pilot production in 2010 New & retrofit 20 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy

21 ZEH Peak Period Friendly (More So With PV) PV capacity: 2.5 kwpeak Smart EM appliance Inverter, controls, battery Ave. 13 summer peak days Ave. 5:00-7:00 PM Base house: 4 kw on peak Near ZEH: -2 kw (net gen.) Energy efficiency, geothermal, pre-cool and glide (no HVAC), shed WH, battery, PV gen 21 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy

22 Environmental Stewardship is Important to ORNL LEED Gold LEED LEED Silver LEED LEED LEED 1 million ft 2 LEED-certified campus ORNL walks the talk 22 Managed by UT-Battelle for the U.S. Department of Energy

23 For more information on Building Technologies at ORNL, please contact: Patrick Hughes ornlreview/