Oil Lakes Monitoring and Assessment Report. High-Temperature Thermal Desorption System Preliminary Design

Transcription

1 Oil Lakes Monitoring and Assessment Report Volume 2, Appendix F: High-Temperature Thermal Desorption System Preliminary Design Monitoring and Assessment of the Environmental Damages and Rehabilitation in the Terrestrial Environment (Cluster 3) UNCC Claim August 2003 Consortium of International Consultants (CIC) Kuwait Office Telephone: Facsimile:

2 Consortium of International Consultants I TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 Design Rationale High Temperature Thermal Desorption Bench Scale Treatability Study Soil Parameters for High Temperature Thermal Desorption Conceptual Design Overview of High Temperature Thermal Desorption Process Conceptual Design of the High-Temperature Thermal Desorption System Design Parameters System Layout and Specifications References... 11

3 Consortium of International Consultants II LIST OF TABLES Table 1 Table 2 Table 3 Summary of Bench Testing Results for Temperatures equal to 850 degrees Fahrenheit (454 degrees Celsius) and Retention Times equal to 20 minutes Weighted Average Concentrations of Analytical Parameters for Terrestrial Soils Summary of Terrestrial Analytical Parameters

4 Consortium of International Consultants III LIST OF FIGURES Figure 1 Proposed High-Temperature Thermal Desorption Process for Kuwait Contaminated Soils

5 Consortium of International Consultants IV LIST OF ANNEXES Annex 1: High-Temperature Thermal Desorption Component Details Annex 2: Models

6 Consortium of International Consultants 1 1 Design Rationale The design of the high temperature thermal desorption system for treating Kuwait petroleumcontaminated soils was based on the following: 1. High Temperature Thermal Desorption Bench Test Results (Volume 2, Appendix E, Annex 2) 2. Weighted Averaged Concentrations of Analytical Parameters for Terrestrial Soils (Table 2) 3. Mass and Thermal Balance (Volume 2, Appendix G, Annex 4, Table 9) 4. Therm-tec General Specifications (Annex 1) 1.1 High Temperature Thermal Desorption Bench Scale Treatability Study The high temperature thermal desorption bench test consisted of treating different soils in a high temperature thermal desorption bench unit at temperatures of 750 degrees Fahrenheit (399 degrees Celsius), 850 degrees Fahrenheit (454 degrees Celsius) and 950 degrees Fahrenheit (510 degrees Celsius) and at retention times of 10 minutes, 20 minutes and 30 minutes. This set of conditions was repeated three times to establish statistical variability. A total of 174 samples were collected from various locations to support the bench scale study of high temperature thermal desorption. The samples were analyzed for percent moisture, density and British Thermal Units content in addition to total petroleum hydrocarbons. 20 of the samples were subjected to bench scale testing. These 20 samples were selected to be representative of the variety of materials that would undergo high temperature thermal desorption treatment. The remaining samples, termed "Supplemental Technology Assessment" samples, were taken to provide a more comprehensive picture of the overall condition of the types of contamination that will be treated by high-temperature thermal desorption. The Supplemental Technology Assessment samples showed a weighted average of approximately 32,000 milligrams per kilogram of total petroleum hydrocarbons. This compares well to a weighted average total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration of approximately 31,000 milligrams per kilogram for the wet and dry oil contamination and oil-contaminated piles- samples that were collected and analyzed during the field study to define the overall area and degree of this contamination. Total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations in the untreated soils in the bench scale testing ranged from 677 milligrams per kilogram to 431,500 milligrams per kilogram. Both the mean and range of samples used in the high temperature thermal desorption bench scale testing were representative of the materials to be treated. The results of the bench scale testing, presented in Volume 2, Appendix E, Annex 2, show that high temperature thermal desorption can treat all of the types of contamination encountered in both the terrestrial and coastal areas. At a temperature of 850º Fahrenheit (454º Celsius) and a retention time of 20 minutes, a full scale high temperature thermal desorption system can treat the Kuwait contaminated soils to the levels required (no visible contamination). In particular, the results of the portion of the bench testing that are summarized in Table 1 show that at a temperature of 850 degrees Fahrenheit (454 degrees Celsius) and a retention time of 20 minutes, approximately 92 percent of the soil samples whose untreated total petro-

7 Consortium of International Consultants 2 leum hydrocarbon value was less than 75,350 milligrams per kilogram had a post-treatment total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration of less than or equal to 500 milligrams per kilogram. Only three cases of the 39 tested at this temperature and retention time continued to exceed 500 milligrams per kilogram after treatment. There were 23 cases of non-detect (less than or equal to 200 milligrams per kilogram), and the average value of treated soil for all cases, was 268 milligrams per kilogram. This average residual value in the treated soils is substantially below the target goal of 500 milligrams per kilogram of total petroleum hydrocarbons. Table 1 Summary of Bench Testing Results for Temperatures equal to 850 degrees Fahrenheit (454 degrees Celsius) and Retention Times equal to 20 minutes (for soils with pre-treatment total petroleum concentrations less than or equal to 75,350 milligrams per kilogram) Total Number of Cases Number of cases that exceed 500 milligrams per kilogram total petroleum hydrocarbons Number of cases of non-detect Average value of all cases, in milligrams per kilogram Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons 39 3 (534, 614, 850) The results in Table 1 were presented for contaminated soils of less than or equal to 75,350 milligrams per kilogram because this approximates the total petroleum hydrocarbon limit which the full-scale high temperature thermal desorption system has been designed (70,000 milligrams per kilogram). Twenty six cases of sampled soils with a total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration of less than 75,350 milligrams per kilogram were tested at a temperature of 850 degrees Fahrenheit (395 degrees Celsius) and a retention time of 20 minutes for changes in asphaltenes. These samples had pre-treatment asphaltene concentrations that ranged from 926 to 30,600 milligrams per kilogram. The test results for these 26 cases showed that at this temperature and retention time, the asphaltene concentrations in 25 cases were reduced to less than 500 milligrams per kilogram, with 15 non-detect results and an average asphaltene concentration of 194 milligrams per kilogram

8 Consortium of International Consultants 3 Actually, the results in Table 1 from the High Temperature Thermal Desorption Bench Test provide a conservative estimate of full-scale high temperature thermal desorption system performance. The results for the full-scale system are expected to provide improved total petroleum hydrocarbon desorption efficiency. This is due to the following: 1. Although the bench test reproduces the temperature and retention time of a full-scale system, it does not provide a combustion flame. The presence of a combustion flame in a rotary dryer improves total petroleum hydrocarbon desorption and destruction, and the use of a combustion flame substantially increases the destruction efficiency of asphaltenes. 2. Although the bench scale unit rotates the soil, the rotation of the soil in the full-scale unit provides a higher degree of heat transfer due to veiling which causes the hot gases to contact the contaminated soil particles. The combination of a combustion flame and veiling, which are difficult to reproduce in a bench test, will provide greater heat transfer between the soil and the hot gases in the fullscale system, resulting in improved total petroleum hydrocarbon desorption and destruction. 1.2 Soil Parameters for High Temperature Thermal Desorption Conceptual Design In the design of a full-scale high temperature thermal desorption system for treatment of petroleum-contaminated soil, soil temperature, and soil retention time are critical parameters. These parameters determine the size and performance characteristics of the high temperature thermal desorption system. For example, the soil retention time required to volatilize/desorb the petroleum compounds in the soil strongly affects the high temperature thermal desorption production rate as shown in the following equation: C = Where (A) x 2 [ d x π ] x ( L) x ( R)( 1/T) 4 C = high temperature thermal desorption production rate T = Soil retention time R = Material bulk density A = percent loading of soil L = Length of high temperature thermal desorption d = Diameter of high temperature thermal desorption This equation shows that for a final high temperature thermal desorption configuration, the high temperature thermal desorption production rate is inversely proportional to the soil retention in the high temperature thermal desorption; the other parameters, which are defined by system configuration and soil properties, are fixed. The soil temperature necessary for the volatilization/desorption of the petroleum compounds strongly affects the energy requirements of the high temperature thermal desorption and the

9 Consortium of International Consultants 4 gas flow quantities generated in the treatment of the contaminated soil. The system energy requirements in turn determine the fuel consumption of the high temperature thermal desorption; the gas flow quantities determine the size of the high temperature thermal desorption and its required pollution control and energy recovery systems. In the treatment of petroleum contaminated soil, the soil temperature and soil retention time required for desorption are dependent on the following parameters: Soil moisture content (percent); Soil energy content (kilocalories per kilogram); Soil contamination level before treatment (total petroleum hydrocarbons); Soil residual contamination level after treatment (total petroleum hydrocarbons); and Soil general characteristics such as grain size, clay content, and heat capacity. As shown in Table 2, weighted values of the relevant soil properties required for the conceptual design (British Thermal Units, total petroleum hydrocarbons, moisture content and dry density) have been calculated. The results shown in this table are based on the extensive sampling and analysis conducted during the Supplemental Technology Assessment, the analytical results for which are summarized in Table 3 and are based on the data in Volume 2, Appendix E, Annex 5. The material quantities presented in Table 2 were obtained from Volume 2, Appendix G, Annex 3. The nominal total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration expected, based on the data in Table 2, is approximately 32,000 milligrams per kilogram. The full-scale high temperature thermal desorption system has been designed for a nominal total petroleum hydrocarbon value of 32,000 milligrams per kilogram. However, it has the flexibility to treat soils with total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations from zero to 70,000 milligrams per kilogram, without reducing its design feed rate of 100 U.S. tons (about 91 tonnes) per hour. This operational flexibility is based on the use of auxiliary energy for the treatment of soil with less than 32,000 milligrams per kilogram total petroleum hydrocarbons and use of injected water for soils greater than 32,000 milligrams per kilogram.

10 Consortium of International Consultants 5 2 Overview of High Temperature Thermal Desorption Process The use of high-temperature thermal desorption for remediation of hydrocarboncontaminated soils will require the following steps: 1. Development of a soil excavation plan which will allow for the excavation of soils from various sites and ensure that soils transported to the high temperature thermal desorption facility are within the total petroleum hydrocarbon concentrations of the design conditions; 2. Transporting these soils to a high-temperature thermal desorption facility; 3. Storing and preparing the material awaiting treatment at the high-temperature thermal desorption facility. The feed preparation includes mixing or blending and screening before the desorption process, if necessary; 4. Feeding prepared soils to a high-temperature thermal desorption system; 5. Treating the soils by heating in the system to about 454 Celsius to remove contaminants; 6. Cooling the treated soils; 7. Adding water to treated soils to improve handling characteristics; 8. Returning the treated soils to excavated areas; and 9. Backfilling the excavated areas with treated soil. It will be necessary to blend soils prior to treatment to meet the high temperature thermal desorption system design condition of treating soils between the range of zero and 70,000 milligrams per kilogram total petroleum hydrocarbon. The blending of the contaminated soils before they are fed to the high-temperature thermal desorption system is important because: 1. soils with a homogeneous total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration allow the hightemperature thermal desorption system to operate more efficiently without dramatic shifts in gas flow and temperatures, and 2. soils which are homogeneous and approach the nominal design total petroleum hydrocarbon value of 32,000 milligrams per kilogram allow the high-temperature thermal desorption system to operate with minimum fuel consumption and minimum water consumption. This blending will be achieved by: 1. Mixing and blending of soils at the excavation sites. Soils with lower concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbon will be mixed with soils with higher concentration, to

11 Consortium of International Consultants 6 reduce the average total petroleum hydrocarbon value of the higher contaminated soils. 2. Additional mixing and blending of soils at the high temperature thermal desorption site. To ensure that adequate blending of the soils occurs, the high temperature thermal desorption system has been designed to include a feed hopper blending system, a pug mill/mixer and a weigh feed hopper to allow for blending of the soils to the nominal design conditions of 32,000 milligrams per kilogram total petroleum hydrocarbon. In particular, the excavated soils after on site blending will be hauled by trucks to strategically placed treatment facilities to be located near the oil fields. There, the soils will be placed in storage piles. While awaiting treatment the contaminated soil will undergo additional blending. The individual storage piles will be thoroughly mixed by mechanical means (typically a front-end loader) until the pile is homogenous. Based on the average concentration of petroleum hydrocarbons and thermal energy content (British Thermal Units/pound) for each pile, a pre-determined quantity from each of the various storage piles will be placed in a series of hoppers, as shown in Figure 1. These hoppers will then proportionally feed the soils in the desired rates to a common conveyor, which in turn will feed a blender/pug mill where the conveyor soils will be thoroughly mixed to insure a homogenous feed to the hightemperature thermal desorption unit. The high temperature thermal desorption unit is capable of treating contaminated soils which are above or below the nominal design total petroleum hydrocarbon value of 32,000 milligrams per kilogram to achieve a residual total petroleum hydrocarbon value of 500 milligrams per kilogram at the design production rate of 100 tons per hour. This flexibility is achieved through the use of auxiliary fuel burners to allow treatment of soil from zero to 32,000 milligrams per kilogram total petroleum hydrocarbon and the use of water injection to allow the treatment of soils with total petroleum hydrocarbon values from 32,000 to 70,000 milligrams per kilogram. It should be noted that the highest concentrations of total petroleum hydrocarbons are found in the wet oil contamination, but these levels will be substantially diluted by the excavation techniques proposed for those areas. Those techniques call for the addition of adjacent dry oil contaminated material to the wet material so that it can be excavated and transported in the solid rather then liquid state. It is estimated this will require about 6 parts dry to 1 part wet material. These will substantially reduce the quantity of high total petroleum hydrocarbons material to be processed. For the case of the soils between zero and 32,000 milligrams per kilogram, the high temperature thermal desorption auxiliary burners have been conservatively sized to provide sufficient energy for the treatment of soils with zero milligrams per kilogram total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration for 25 percent of the time, at the approximate cost of $1.12 per United States ton. For the case of soils between 32,000 and 70,000 milligrams per kilogram, the high temperature thermal desorption system has been designed to allow up to 1,200 gallons per hour of water to be injected into the soil at the cost of $0.24 per ton. These costs are included in the cost estimate of Volume 2, Appendix G, Annex 4. After blending, but before the soils are fed to the high-temperature thermal desorption facility, the soils will be screened for removal of foreign objects, oversized (greater than 2 centi-

12 Consortium of International Consultants 7 meters) rocks and stones, and large clumps. Soil particles and clumps less than 2 centimeters in size will be fed directly to the high-temperature thermal desorption unit. Stones, rocks, and clumps greater than 2 centimeters in size will be processed in a grinder to reduce their size, and then returned to the pug mill for blending with the soil. The grinder process is important because the large pieces may be high in petroleum hydrocarbons, and the thermal energy content of large pieces of this material could create problems if these pieces were fed directly into the high-temperature thermal desorption unit. The soils, after being screened, will be fed to the high-temperature thermal desorption unit. The high-temperature thermal desorption unit will be an inclined rotary dryer. The material will be fed into the end of the dryer opposite the fuel burner. In this type of system (called a counter-current feed system ), the contaminated soils will be fed at the cold end of the dryer while the treated soils will exit the hot end of the dryer. The hot gases will travel in the opposite direction, exiting the rotary dryer at the soil inlet point. The soils will enter at about 32 Celsius and exit at about 454 Celsius. The system combustion gases will exit at 260 Celsius (see Figure 1). These combustion gases will enter a pollution control system. In the pollution control system, particulate emissions will be removed through the use of a mechanical cyclone and baghouse, and organic contaminants will be destroyed in a thermal oxidizer or afterburner that raises the temperature of the gases to around 982 Celsius. The high-temperature gases exiting the afterburner will then be used to generate steam and electricity that can be used to operate the facility, thereby reducing operating costs. The treated soil exiting the high-temperature thermal desorption unit will be sprayed with water in an enclosed structure to allow for cooling without wind dispersion. The cooled soil may then be stored on site for subsequent return to the excavated area. The counter-current high-temperature thermal desorption system concept provides operating conditions for reaching high soil temperatures with relatively low exit gas temperatures. This is important; the high soil temperatures will provide a higher degree of total petroleum hydrocarbon removal, while low exit gas temperatures will result in lower capital and operating costs.

13 Consortium of International Consultants 8 3 Conceptual Design of the High-Temperature Thermal Desorption System Based on the above discussion and the weighted average British Thermal Units, total petroleum hydrocarbons, moisture content and dry density from Table 2, a conceptual design exercise was conducted to define the best layout and characteristics of a high-temperature thermal desorption system for treating Kuwait hydrocarbon-contaminated soils. This conceptual design was based on the use of mass and thermal balance calculations to define overall system parameters, followed by the application of proven empirical design criteria to establish system layout and performance. 3.1 Design Parameters The design parameters used in the conceptual design process were: 1. Mass and Thermal Balance: Soil Feed Rate = 100 United States tons per hour (~91,000 kilograms per hour) Soil Moisture Content = The soil moisture content was assumed to be 3 percent. However, a mass weighted analysis of the soil moisture content from Table 2 yielded a value of approximately 2.08 percent moisture content. Therefore, a design using 3 percent moisture content provides a conservative approach. In actuality, the proposed system has been designed with the capability to treat soils with 10 percent moisture content without reducing the feed rate of 100 tons per hour. The 3 percent moisture case represents a nominal design condition. Soil Energy Content = 600 British Thermal Units per pound (332 kilo calories per kilogram). This value was based on the calculated weighted average of all soils (in situ) from Table 2, 538 British Thermal Units per pound (298 kilo calories per kilogram), including the additional volume that must be excavated beyond the neat line. In actuality, the proposed high temperature thermal desorption system has the capability to accept soils with a British Thermal Units value of 1,350 per pound (748 kilo calories per kilogram) but the weighted average of 600 British Thermal Units per pound was used as a nominal case. In addition, the system burners were designed with the capability of treating soils with negligible British Thermal Units content. Treated Soil Total Petroleum Hydrocarbon Concentration = 500 milligrams per kilogram. System Temperatures - Soil Inlet Temperature = 32 Celsius (conservative given typical ambient temperatures in Kuwait) - Soil Exit Temperature = 454 Celsius - Air Inlet Temperature = 38 Celsius (conservative given typical ambient temperatures in Kuwait) - Rotary Dryer Exhaust Gas Temperature = 260 Celsius

14 Consortium of International Consultants 9 - Thermal Oxidizer Inlet Temperature = 232 Celsius - Thermal Oxidizer Exhaust Gas Temperature = 982 Celsius - Heat Loss from System = 10 percent System Losses - 10 percent Heat Loss from Rotary Dryer and Thermal Oxidizer - 25 percent Air Leakage in Rotary Dryer Fuel - Number 2 Diesel Fuel at 25 percent Excess Air 2. Equipment Design Assumptions: Rotary Dryer - Soil Retention Time = 20 minutes - Length to Diameter Ratio = 4.0 to Rotary Dryer Fuel = Number 2 (diesel) - Rotary Dryer Excess Air = 25 percent - Dryer Gas Flow Velocity = 350 meters per minute - Maximum Soil Temperature = 510 Celsius - Rotary Dryer Leakage = 25 percent Thermal Oxidizer - Gas Flow Retention Time = >0.5 seconds - Length to Diameter Ratio = 3.0 to Gas Flow Velocity = 19 meters per second - Thermal Oxidizer Excess Air = 200 percent Mechanical Cyclone - High-Temperature Stainless Steel - Removal Efficiency = More than 80 percent for particles more than 10 microns Baghouse - Nomex Bags with Temperature Capability of 246 Celsius - Air to Cloth Ratio = 5.0 to 1.0 Heat Recovery Boiler - Boiler Inlet Temperature = 982 Celsius - Boiler Exit Temperature = 232 Celsius - Steam Production: Minimum of 18,000 kilograms per hour Based on these conditions, a mass and energy balance calculation was performed and is presented in Volume 2, Appendix G, Annex 4, Table 9.

15 Consortium of International Consultants System Layout and Specifications The gas flows and energy requirements defined by the mass and energy balance and the design parameters as previously presented were used to conduct an empirical design for each high temperature thermal desorption system component. Therm-tec, Inc., of Tualatin, Oregon, a manufacturer of thermal desorption and incineration systems, was retained to develop general specifications and overall design drawings for the system shown in Figure 1. Therm-tec, Inc. was chosen because it is one of the oldest and most technologically advanced designers, engineers, and manufacturers of special-use incinerators, heat recovery systems, and air pollution control equipment. Therm-tec, Inc. s, technology in each of these areas is designed to provide the most environmentally safe and practical solution to the needs at hand. Because its equipment is in use throughout the United States and internationally, Therm-tec, Inc., has designed its various systems to meet stringent and frequently updated air pollution control standards in the United States and in other countries. The general specifications prepared by Therm-tec are presented in Annex 1. Annex 1 also contains the electrical power and utility requirements for the conceptual high temperature thermal desorption system. Annex 2 contains general arrangement drawings for the system.

16 Consortium of International Consultants 11 4 References Brunner, Calvin R., P.E., 1988, Incineration Systems: Selection and Design, Incineration Consultants, Inc., Reston, Virginia. Dishian, Al, 1991, Operating Costs and Commercial Aspects of Contracting, Remediation America Seminar. Hawks, Ronald L., April 1991, Considerations in Design and Operation of Thermal Desorption of Heavy Hydrocarbons, Environmental Quality Management, Inc., Durham, North Carolina, Remediation America Seminar, Orlando, Florida. Troxler, W., J.J. Cudahy (Zink-Focus Environmental, Knoxville, Tennessee), S.I. Rosenthal (FW Environmental, Edison, New Jersey), and J.J. Yezzi (United States Environmental Protection Agency), September 23-26, 1991, Thermal Desorption of Petroleum Contaminated Soils, in Proceedings of the 6 th Annual Conference on Hydrocarbon Contaminated Soil, University of Massachusetts, pp United States Environmental Protection Agency, 1983, Presumptive Remedies: Site Characterization and Technology Selection for CERCLA Sites with Volatile Organic Compounds in Soils, 540-F , Office of Emergency and Remedial Response Hazardous Site Control Division 5203G.

17 02:001484_KA04_03_05-B1136 Fig1.CDR-7/31/03-GRA Contaminated Soil from Excavated Site Heat Recovery Boiler Steam Contaminated Soil Storage Pile A Stack Thermal Oxidizer Hopper A Turbine Generator Return Clean Soil to Excavated Sites Baghouse Contaminated Soil Storage Pile B Blender Hopper B Cyclone HO 2 Common Conveyor Blender/ Pug Mill Hot Gases Air Contaminated Soil Storage Pile C Fuel Clean Soil Storage Piles Hopper C Oversize Material Rot ary Dryer Clean Soil Screening Grinder Contaminated Soil Storage Pile D Hopper D Contaminated Soil Feed System SOURCE: Consortium of International Consultants Consortium of International Consultants Figure 1 Proposed High-Tempature Thermal Desorption Process for Kuwait Contaminated Soils

18 Table 2: Weighted Average Concentrations of Analytical Parameters for Terrestrial Soils Quantity 1 Neat Line Volume Parameter Additional Excavation Volume Total Volume Laboratory Parameters 2 Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons 3 Units Areas of Dry Oil Contamination Areas of Wet Oil Contamination - Sludge Layer Areas of Wet Oil Contamination - Below the Sludge Layer Oil Contaminated Piles Oil Trenches, Pipelines, and Spills million bank cubic meters million bank cubic meters million bank cubic meters milligrams/ kilograms 28, ,296 44,759 49,360 43,533 - Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons 3 milligrams/ tonne 28,914, ,296,000 44,759,000 49,360,000 43,533,000 - Energy Content 3 British Thermal Units/pound Energy Content 3 British Thermal Units/kilograms ,623 3,210 1,810 1,226 - Bulk Density kilograms/ Liter Bulk Density kilograms/ cubic meter 1,735 1,000 1,762 1,601 1,621 - Dry Density 4 kilograms/ cubic meter 1, ,669 1,580 1,554 - Moisture Content percent Weighted Average Calculations Dry Weight of Material in Neat Line Volume tonne 41,865, ,130 5,865,254 23,417,765 3,571,818 75,542,908 Dry Weight of Material in Total Excavated Volume 5 tonne 58,692, ,130 7,064,088 24,435,671 4,221,822 95,236,278 Weight of Moisture in Total Excavated Volume tonne 845, , , , ,961 1,982,928 Weight of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Neat Line Volume tonne 1,210, , ,523 1,155, ,492 3,055,152 Total Energy Content in Neat Line Volume million British Thermal Units 33,688,986 13,666,152 18,827,058 42,386,039 4,378, ,946,464 Weighted Average Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Concentration 6 Weighted Average Energy Content 7 Weighted Average Dry Density 8 milligrams/ kilograms ,080 British Thermal Units/ pound tonne/ cubic meter Weighted Average Moisture Content 9 percent Notes 1. Soil volumes based on quantities presented in Volume 2, Appendix G, Annex 3, Table Average Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons, Energy Content, Bulk Density, and Moisture Content for each contaminated soil type obtained from Table Concentrations based on dry weight. 4. Dry density calculated as follows: Dry Density = Bulk Density / (1 + Moisture Content) 5. Assume dry density and moisture content of additional excavated material to be equal to that of associated contaminated soil type. 6. Weighted Average Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons Concentration = Weight of Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons in Neat Line Volume / Dry Weight of Material in Total Volume 7. Weighted Average Energy Content = Total Energy Content in Neat Line Volume / Dry Weight of Material in Total Volume. 8. Weighted Average Dry Density = Dry Weight of Material in Total Volume / Total Volume. 9. Weighted Average Moisture Content = Weight of Moisture in Total Volume / Dry Weight of Material in Total Volume. Total

19 Table 3: Summary of Terrestrial Analytical Parameters Sample Location Oil Contaminated Piles Areas of Dry Oil Contamination Areas of Wet Oil Contamination - Below the Sludge Layer Oil Trenches, Pipelines, and Spills Areas of Wet Oil Contamination - Sludge Layer 2 Statistical Values Asphaltene (milligrams/ kilogram) Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (milligrams/ kilogram) Moisture (percent) Organic (percent) ph (Standard Units) Specific Conductivity (µmhos/ centimeter) Bulk Density (kilograms/ liter) Energy Content (British Thermal Units/pound) Median: 7,485 45, Average: 7,967 49, Standard Dev.: 2,835 21, Minimum: 4,470 21, Maximum: 13,000 98, , ,310 Median: 4,690 24, Average: 5,532 28, Standard Dev.: 3,881 15, Minimum: 567 8, Maximum: 22, , , ,690 Median: 3,190 30, Average: 9,010 44, , ,456 Standard Dev.: 11,966 33, , ,313 Minimum: 1,070 12, Maximum: 50, , , ,400 Median: 3,990 37, Average: 6,493 43, , Standard Dev.: 4,775 11, , Minimum: 3,490 35, Maximum: 12,000 57, , Median: 129, , ,180-3,650 Average: 283, , , ,540 Standard Dev.: 234, , ,241-7,093 Minimum: 11,100 57, Maximum: 770, , ,800-18,100 Notes 1. Analytical data based on samples collected during Supplemental Technology Assessment (see Volume 2, Appendix E, Annex 5). 2. The sludge material in the areas of wet oil contamination is a semi liquid, heterogeneous mixture of water, oil and soil. Some of its constituents (e.g., oil) can be expected to be less dense that water), others (e.g., soil particles) will be denser than water. The overall density of the sludge is assumed to be equal to that of water (1.0 kilogram per liter).