Phosphorus and Sediment Impact / Cayuga Lake

Transcription

1 Phosphorus and Sediment Impact / Cayuga Lake A follow-up project from: Assessment of Total Phosphorus and Sediment Impacts for the North End of the Cayuga Lake Watershed Year 1 Funded by the US EPA, Region II Year 2 Funded by City of Ithaca, W&S Year 3-5 Funded by US EPA, Region II

2 Partners and/or Data Recipients Issues Committee, Cayuga Lake Watershed Network, Edward Bugliosi, U.S. Geological Survey Steven Penningroth, Community Science Institute Craig Schutt, Soil and Water Conservation District, Tompkins County Dan Hill, Cayuga Nation Tom Vawter, Cayuga Lake Watershed Intermunicipal Organization Erik Whitney, City of Ithaca Water & Sewer Division Paula Zevin, U.S.E.P.A. Region 2

3 Objectives Address data gap at the north end of the lake by monitoring system as a whole, measure inputs from the tributaries, create a database that informs management decisions, develop a mass balance for sediment and phosphorus loading. Used traditional monitoring techniques Maintain continuity in the dataset. Used traditional monitoring techniques Implement monitoring changes to better meet objectives, specifically to install gaging stations and autosampling equipment to capture forcing events. Combined traditional monitoring with USGS gages and autosampling equipment.

4 Monitoring sampling events 6 low flow, 2 high flow 3 days per event N. End S. End Lake May through October Tributaries: Cayuga Inlet Taughannock Creek Fall Creek Salmon Creek Yawger Creek Seneca River Lake Outlet Lake Sampling: Transect off Frontenac Pt.

5 Monitoring 2005 Tributaries: 8 sampling events 6 low flow, 2 high flow 2 days per event S. End (Lake) May through October Tributaries: Fall Creek Salmon Creek Lake Sampling: Transect off Frontenac Pt. Lake sampling only July through October

6 Monitoring * Monthly samples - Random base flow or high flow, tributaries and lake Numerous Autosamples - All high flow, gaged tributaries only Fixed samples strictly low flow: <68 cfs/sec Six Mile Creek <100 cfs/sec Salmon Creek <1500 cfs/sec Seneca River Tributary and Lake sampling - year round weather permitting Tributaries: Six Mile Creek Salmon Creek Seneca River Youth Bureau** Lake Sampling: Transect off Frontenac Pt. Monthly samples 2 days each: Tributaries Lake Transect *Weather and equipment complications resulted in slightly different monthly sampling totals for streams. ** Youth Bureau sampling location added late in the study

7 Parameters Suspended Sediment and TP/SRP (CSI) Hydrolab (NO3-, NH4+, ph, SpC, DO, Temp, TDS, Depth) Total coliforms and E. coli Turbidity, Secchi disk depth (Lake only) Discharge (USGS)

8 25% of the watershed sampled in Northern, Southern and Mid draining Tributaries Seneca River Subwatershed Area (sq. mi.) Six Mile Creek 52.0 Salmon Creek 89.5 Seneca River 74.0 Youth Bureau 1.0 Cayuga Inlet Fall Creek Taughannock Creek 66.8 Yawger Creek 23.3 Entire Watershed Cascadilla Creek Inlet Six Mile Creek

9 Traditional Monitoring Results

10 Concentration Sediment mg/l, Phosphorus ug/l Phosphorus and Sediment Concentrations Six Mile Creek - Monthly Samples TP SRP Sediment Expon. (Sediment) Linear (SRP) Expon. (TP) DEC Guidance Value for TP Sampling Dates

11 Concentration Sediment mg/l, Phosphorus ug/l Phosphorus and Sediment Concentrations Salmon Creek Monthly Samples TP SRP Sediment Linear (SRP) Linear (TP) Linear (Sediment) DEC Guidance Value for TP Sampling Dates

12 Concentration Sediment mg/l, Phosphorus ug/l Phosphorus and Sediment Concentrations Seneca River Monthly Samples TP SRP Sediment Linear (TP) Linear (SRP) Linear (Sediment) DEC Guidance Value for TP Sampling Dates

13 Concentration Sediment mg/l, Phosphorus ug/l Phosphorus and Sediment Concentrations Youth Bureau Discharge Monthly Samples TP SRP Sediment DEC Guidance Value for TP Sampling Dates

14 TP ug/l 1000 Six Mile Seneca Linear (Salmon) Linear (Six Mile) Monthly Samples for Streams Salmon Youth Bureau Linear (Seneca) DEC Guidance Value

15 SRP ug/l Monthly Samples for Streams 1000 Six Mile Seneca Linear (Six Mile) Linear (Salmon) Salmon Youth Bureau Linear (Seneca)

16 Concentration Sediment mg/l, Phosphorus ug/l Phosphorus and Sediment Concentrations Lake Transect Epilimnion 100 TP SRP Sediment Linear (SRP) Linear (TP) DEC Guidance Value for TP Sampling Dates

17 Concentration Sediment mg/l, Phosphorus ug/l Phosphorus and Sediment Concentrations Lake Transect Hypolimnion TP SRP Sediment Linear (TP) Linear (SRP) DEC Guidance Value for TP H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H H Sampling Dates

18 Total Phosphorus (ug/l) Total Phosphorus Mean and rangeof Total Phosphorus over samping period. Lake Epi and Lake Hypo refer to transect epilimnion and hypolimnion respectively Yawger Taughannock YB Six Mile Seneca Salmon Outlet Inlet Fall Lake Epi 04 Lake Hypo 04 Epi 05 Hypo 05 Epi 06 Hypo 06 Epi 07 Hypo 07 Epi 08 DEC Guidance Value for TP Hypo 08

19 Soluble Reactive Phosphorus (ug/l) Mean and range of Soluble Reactive Phosphorus over the sampling period. Lake Epi and Lake Hypo refer to transect epilimnion and hypolimnion respectively 1, Yawger Taughannock YB Six Mile Seneca Salmon Outlet Inlet Fall Lake Epi 04 Lake Hypo 04 Epi 05 Hypo 05 Epi 06 Hypo 06 Epi 07 Hypo 07 Epi 08 Hypo 08

20 5/12/2004 5/19/2004 5/26/2004 6/2/2004 6/9/2004 6/16/2004 6/23/2004 6/30/2004 7/7/2004 7/14/2004 7/21/2004 7/28/2004 8/4/2004 8/11/2004 8/18/2004 8/25/2004 9/1/2004 9/8/2004 9/15/2004 9/22/2004 9/29/ /6/2004 Loading (mg/sec) Sample Data Yawger Creek Loading 2004 Sediment TP SRP Discharge Sam pling Event

21 052406B D B B D D E C B P A B D B D Loading (tons/ day) Six Mile Creek Loading and Discharge (2006, 2007, 2008) Sediment TP SRP Discharge Sample Event

22 Typical annual stream discharge profile Seneca River annual and monthly profiles Hydro, Locks, Boats!

23 Monitoring * Monthly samples - Random base flow or high flow, tributaries and lake Numerous Autosamples - All high flow, gaged tributaries only Fixed samples strictly low flow: <68 cfs/sec Six Mile Creek <100 cfs/sec Salmon Creek <1500 cfs/sec Seneca River Tributary and Lake sampling - year round weather permitting Tributaries: Six Mile Creek Salmon Creek Seneca River Youth Bureau** Lake Sampling: Transect off Frontenac Pt. Monthly samples 2 days each: Tributaries Lake Transect *Weather and equipment complications resulted in slightly different monthly sampling totals for streams. ** Youth Bureau sampling location added late in the study

24 Automated Monitoring Results

25 Correlations to Discharge TP-CFS R2 Auto t/d Fixed t/d Monthly mg/l Six Mile Sediment CFS R2 Auto t/d Fixed t/d Monthly mg/l Six Mile Salmon Seneca Salmon Seneca SRP-CFS R2 Auto t/d Fixed t/d Monthly mg/l Six Mile Salmon Seneca

26 Average Daily Loads Auto Average tons/day Sed TP %SRP SRP Six Mile Salmon Seneca Autosample average load 8/06-4/09 and percent soluble reactive phosphorus. Fixed Average tons/day Sed TP %SRP SRP Six Mile Salmon Seneca Fixed sample average load 8/06-4/09 and percent soluble reactive phosphorus.

27 Average Concentrations Average Concentrations Six Mile Creek <68 cfs Salmon Creek <100 cfs Seneca River <1500 cfs Sediment mg/l TP µg/l SRP µg/l Fixed Auto Mthly Fixed Auto Mthly Fixed Auto Mthly Youth Bureau 31(7) Lake Epilimnion Lake Hypolimnion /06-4/09

28 Sediment and P Correlations Six Mile Creek R2 Auto Fixed Monthly Salmon Creek R2 Auto Fixed Monthly Sediment-TP Sediment-SRP TP-SRP Sediment-TP Sediment-SRP TP-SRP Seneca River R2 Auto Fixed Monthly Sediment-TP Sediment-SRP TP-SRP

29 Average TP kg/day DEC Guidance Value Six Mile Salmon Seneca IAWWTP CHWTP LSC

30 Study Highlights Streams flat or possibly increasing P Lake possibly increasing P Six Mile least P, smallest % SRP Seneca most P, highest % SRP Six Mile and Salmon storm water Seneca constant Autosamplers improve the picture Real-Time in-lake monitoring desired

31 Managing Loading SOURCES VARY In-lake nutrient cycling changes such as invasive species, climate change or unintended consequences of agricultural eroson control practices vs Stream Loading vs Point Sources IMPACTS OF LOADING VARY North end Cayuga Lake: TP = Chl α (Mackariewicz) South end Cayuga Lake: TP Chl α (UFI) 250 Where the load is coming from The form it comes in And how that impacts the receiving body Six Mile Salmon Seneca IAWWTP CHWTP LSC All should be considered in developing management approaches

32 Special Thanks to Gordie Morgan, Jon Negley, Brendan Kearns, Steve Turcsik, Jared Makrancy, Ken Dzikiewicz and Dave Zavaski for all their help