GIS BASED LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR PETROL STATIONS

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1 International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET) Volume 8, Issue 10, October 2017, pp , Article ID: IJCIET_08_10_001 Available online at ISSN Print: and ISSN Online: IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed GIS BASED LAND SUITABILITY ANALYSIS FOR PETROL STATIONS Shabir Hussain Khahro Lecturer, Department of Engineering Management, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia Zubair Ahmed Memon Professor, Department of Engineering Management, Prince Sultan University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia ABSTRACT Developers are facing problems to obtain sustainable solutions for development activities. It has been observed that new development activities meeting the needs of the society have potential to damage environment. The cities are expanding rapidly and have created a greater demand for vehicles and in result, require more fuel for consumption. A petrol station is the place meeting this fuel needs. A petrol station is important, but in the meantime, it is a dangerous installation so special attention is required for site selection of such development projects. The adequacy of existing approaches to land does not meet all the environmental consequences. Therefore, this study presents the concept of ground-based suitability analysis using Geographic Information System (GIS) for find the suitable land to install petrol station. This would be an effective approach to site selection, which will incorporate all the key environmental selection factors suggested by different codes to take into account in site selection for petrol station practice. This ground-based aptitude can also be extended to other development projects in the future. Keywords: Petrol Station, GIS, Land Suitability Cite this Article: Shabir Hussain Khahro and Zubair Ahmed Memon, Gis Based Land Suitability Analysis for Petrol Stations, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(10), 2017, pp INTRODUCTION Business location plays major role in profitability and survival of any business. A poorly selected location will lead to ineffective usage of resources which may lead to business failure. There are numerous factors involved in site selection of any business facility. The factors may be quantitative and qualitative. Few possible quantitative factors are transportation costs, labor, principal investment and operational costs. Whereas, few possible 1 editor@iaeme.com

2 Shabir Hussain Khahro and Zubair Ahmed Memon qualitative factors which are rather more challenging to describe and they include climate, quality and cost of living, public services, distance from other facilities and property values [1]. It has been emerging anxiety that development activities have the potential to cause serious damage to the environment. Development activities like Industries, plants, high speed rail projects and petrol filling stations have high tendency to deteriorate the natural resources [2]. The vehicle production technology has improved progressively and provided many opportunity and offers for people to buy various vehicles of different scales at reasonable prices. This increase in vehicle number resulted in greater consumption of fuel and this fuel need is facilitated by fuel distribution units normally called as Petrol Station or Gas Station. It has been reported that petrol stations caused fire and resulted in huge human, assets and financial loses. Therefore, safety of petrol stations becomes a major concern since these facilities serve millions of people every day [3]. GIS based multi-criteria decision making techniques have been found useful to resolve such land suitability problems [4]. Therefore, it became essential to carry out scientific land evaluations to reduce the human influence on natural resources and identification of an appropriate land use parcel. Such kind of automated land suitability approaches accommodates various factors normally considered for land suitability of any facility [5]. GIS-based MCDA land suitability modeling techniques have witnessed to be an effective tool for determining suitable land parcels for such hazardous facilities [6]. Land Suitability Analysis (LSA) is a GIS-based process applied to determine the suitability of a specific area for considered use and distribution of future land uses. Petrol station site selection problem should be considered a complex multi-attribute decision problem. Petrol industry has been currently experiencing very intense competition. Alternative places for petrol stations are usually limited by some laws and regulations. Therefore, this paper focuses of land suitability modeling for petrol filling station using GIS and local laws, rules and standards are been considered for site selection of petrol station in Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. Table 1 shows the municipal guidelines for local area for site selection of petrol stations. Table 1 Criteria Combined List of the Spatial Data Buffering with Values S.No Criteria Sub Criteria City Municipal Code 1 Residential Zone 2 Educational Zone 3 Health Care Zone 4 Commercial Zone Land Use Protection 5 Industrial one 6 Religious Zone 7 Historic Zone 8 Parks & Play Grounds 9 Dual Highway 10 Primary Roads 11 Accessibility Secondary Roads 12 Railway Line 13 Airport 14 Rivers Hydrological Conditions 15 Lakes 16 Natural Environment Vacant Land Preferable Land 2 editor@iaeme.com

3 Gis Based Land Suitability Analysis for Petrol Stations 17 Forest 18 Topography Slope < 30 % 19 High Voltage Transmission Line Utility Services 20 Water Pipes 2. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS The data has been collected from GEOMATE. It is a governmental agency which manages GIS data for Malaysia. The data has been processed and refined as per limitations of the model and buffers were added to the different data layers as per guidelines of local municipal agency which controls and permits such facilities in Malaysia. The priority performance of the main criteria s and sub criteria s which are normally considered for petrol stations have been collected by various experts through AHP based questionnaire. The questionnaire data has been analyzed using expert choice. 3. RESULTS & DISCUSSIONS There are six main criteria s to be considered important for installing a new petrol station. Apparently, these criteria s are further classified into sub criteria s as shown in table 1. Every criteria and sub criteria have got its importance, few are important to an environmental expert whereas others are important to a businessman. Therefore, the aggregated weights are analyzed earlier. All these criteria s and sub criteria s data layers are merged together in the model to find suitable land parcel for installing a new petrol station referring to the code suggested by the City Planning Department, Ipoh, Perak, Malaysia. 4. FINAL LAND SUITABILITY MAP GENERATION FOR PETROL STATION This is the final phase of the analysis. All the data layers are prepared to get the final land suitability map. This is done by overlaying all the data layers using the weighted sum tool of the ArcGIS. Figure 1 shows the final land suitability map for new petrol stations according to the code suggested by the City Planning Department, Ipoh. Figure 1 Final Land Suitability Map for Petrol Stations 3 editor@iaeme.com

4 Shabir Hussain Khahro and Zubair Ahmed Memon To validate the above new land suitability map for petrol stations, the overlaying technique has been adopted. The data layer of existing petrol stations has been generated since their coordinates were collected from online available course provided by the Malaysian Geospatial Data Infrastructure (MyGDI). These coordinates were validated manually using the hand Global Positioning System (GPS). The coordinates of different random existing petrol stations have been collected using garmins hand GPSMAP76CX. This is done to check the validity of the data collected from MyGDI. The new map shows the details of the existing petrol stations having approval from the City Planning Department, Ipoh. These petrol stations are supposed to pass the preliminary site suitability analysis and environmentally safe and feasible. The validation of the newly generated land suitability map of petrol stations has been done on the basis of these already assessed petrol stations. Therefore, the map of existing petrol stations is overlaid with the new land suitability map as shown in the Figure 2. Figure 2 Land Suitability Map rendering to CPD Code, Ipoh with Existing Petrol Stations There are total 62 existing petrol stations in the study area and the locations can be analyzed graphically from the above figure. The results of the above figure are presented in the following Table 2. Table 2 Land Suitability Index rendering to Existing Petrol Stations 4 editor@iaeme.com

5 Gis Based Land Suitability Analysis for Petrol Stations The results show that there are 26 petrol stations located in the most suitable zone, 20 in the moderately suitable zone, 11 in the less suitable zone and 5 in the not suitable zone. The percentage change can be clearly evident in the pie chart shown in the Figure 3. Figure 3 Land Suitability Index rendering to CPD Code, Ipoh It has been observed that there is a sufficient percentage of the existing petrol stations situated in the suitable zone. It evidences the performance and control of the City planning Department, Ipoh but still there are few petrol stations located in the non-suitable and less suitable zone. There are still 24% of the existing petrol stations located in non-satisfactory zone, which have the potential to cause the damage to our resources. This should be avoided in the developed Malaysia vision CONCLUSION A sustainable approach to the natural environment protection remains the topic of interest for the developers. There has been a growing concern that development activities have the potential to cause severe damage to the environment which including soil contamination, environmental pollution, water pollution. The fast development of cities offered an ample demand for vehicles resulting in more fuel consumption. A petrol station is the place, which caters this fuel need. It is no doubt a very important facility but it has high potential of hazards, resulting the degradation and contamination of the natural resources like environmental, hydrological, geological and socioeconomic hazards. The results show that some existing locations of petrol stations are not in the suitable zone. Yet, there is a gap in the existing approach, which should be improved. This study has highlighted this gap clearly and provided a sustainable solution to deal with such land suitability problems in future. The results of this case study show that in Ipoh, they are 74% of the total existing petrol stations in the satisfactory zone but still there are 26% of the total existing petrol stations, which are not located in the satisfactory zone. The land suitability analysis became complex because there are a number of factors involved in land selection process. The location of petrol stations could influence human life tremendously, and even minor biases in selecting the location could lead to remediable losses. Therefore, site selection is one of the most important aspects of success for any business project. The petrol retail industry and the relevant authority have become increasingly aware of the environmental issues and its impact on the global environment. Environmental protection agencies are seeking to incorporate sound environmental policies. 5 editor@iaeme.com

6 Shabir Hussain Khahro and Zubair Ahmed Memon REFERENCES [1] S. Tuzmen and S. Sipahi, A multi-criteria factor evaluation model for gas station site selection, J. Glob. Manag, vol. 2, no. 1, pp , [2] S. H. Khahro, A. Matori, I. A. Chandio, M. Aftab, and A. Talpur, Proposed GIS-based Environmental Impact Assessment approach for site suitability of Petrol Filling Stations in Malaysia, [3] M. A. Hassanain and A. Al-Mudhei, Fire safety evaluation of motor fuel dispensing facilities, Struct. Surv, vol. 24, no. 1, pp , [4] R. B. Zolekar and V. S. Bhagat, Multi-criteria land suitability analysis for agriculture in hilly zone: Remote sensing and GIS approach, Comput. Electron. Agric., vol. 118, pp , [5] M. A. E. Abdelrahman, A. Natarajan, and R. Hegde, Assessment of land suitability and capability by integrating remote sensing and GIS for agriculture in Chamarajanagar district, Karnataka, India, Egypt. J. Remote Sens. Sp. Sci., vol. 19, no. 1, pp , [6] I. A. Chandio, A. N. Matori, K. Yusof, M. A. H. Talpur, and M. Aminu, GIS-basedland suitability analysis of sustainable hillside development, Procedia Eng., vol. 77, pp , [7] B. Ramyaa Sree and SS. Asadi A Remote Sensing and GIS Based Critical Evaluation of Change Detection Study in Thimmaipally Watershed for Land Resources Management, International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(4), 2017, pp [8] G.S.Sarma, SS. Asadi and S.Lakshmi Narayana, Creation of Remote Sensing & GIS Based Land Resources Information System For Land Resources Management. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(8), 2017, pp [9] N. Vaani and P. Porchelvan. GIS Based Agricultural Drought Assessment for the State of Tamilnadu, India Using Vegetation Condition Index (VCI). International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp editor@iaeme.com