Japanese Water Quality Target and. 2. Total Pollutant Load Control System (TPLCS)

Transcription

1 Japanese Water Quality Target and TotalPollutant Load Control System(TPLCS) September, 211 WEPA International Workshop Nobuo Yoshida Director, Water Environment Division Environment Management Bureau, Ministry of the Environment, Japan Contents 1. Water Quality Standard and Water Pollution Control Law 2. Total Pollutant Load Control System (TPLCS) 3. The Great East Japan Earthquake Ministry of the Environment 2 1

2 1. WATER QUALITY STANDARD AND WATER POLLUTION CONTROL LAW Ministry of the Environment 3 Water Quality Standards (EQS) Water Pollution Toxic substance Mercury, Arsenic, Chlorinated organic compound, etc Organic Pollution etc Dirtiness and muddiness of water BOD/COD, DO, SS etc Nutrient salts Causality of eutrophication Nitrogen, Phosphorus Ministry of the Environment Effect on people (Drinking/seafood intake) Effect on aquatic life Water Quality Standards (EQS) Health Item Nationally uniform 27 substances designated Monitored substances (No standards for them, but needed to collect scientific data) Living Environment Item Designed to conserve the properties as well as the fauna and flora closely related to the living of people Set targets by categorizing into classes in accordance with water bodies 4 2

3 Items of Environmental Quality Standard for Water Pollution Health items Item Standard Value Item Standard Value Cadmium.1 mg/l or less 1,1,1 trichloroethane 1 mg/l or less Total cyanide Undetected 1,1,2 trichloroethane.6 mg/l or less Lead.1 mg/l or less Trichloroethylene.3 mg/l or less Hexavalent chromium.5 mg/l or less Tetrachloroethylene.1 mg/l or less Arsenic.1 mg/l or less 1,3 dichloropropene.2 mg/l or less Total mercury.5 mg/l or less Thiuram.6 mg/l or less Alkylmercury Undetected Simazine.3 mg/l or less PCB Undetected Thiobencarb.2 mg/l or less Dichloromethane.2 mg/l or less Benzene.1 mg/l or less Carbon tetrachloride.2 mg/l or less Selenium.1 mg/l or less 1,2 dichloroethane.4 mg/l or less Nitrate nitrogen & Nitrite nitrogen 1 mg/l or less 1,1 dichloroethylene.2 mg/l or less Fluoride.8 mg/l or less Cis 1,2 dichloroethylene.4 mg/l or less Boron 1 mg/l or less Living environment items 1,4 Dioxane.5mg/ or less River Lake Sea Area BOD 1 1 mg/l COD 1 8 mg/l 2 8 mg/l ph SS 25 1 mg/l etc mg/l etc. DO mg/l mg/l mg/l Coliform bacteria count 5 5, MPN/1 ml 5 1, MPN/1 ml 1, MPN/1 ml N hexane extracts Undetected. Total nitrogen.1 1 mg/l.2 1 mg/l Total phosphorous.5.1 mg/l.2.9 mg/l Ministry of the Environment All zinc.3 mg/l.3 mg/l.1.2 mg/l How the Water Pollution Control Law Works Nationwide regulations o factories or commercial fa acilities Pre regulation Regular Regulation Emergency Measures Report installation or change of specified facility On site inspections & Reports collected Measure and log pollution status of effluent Effluent regulations Prohibition of water containing substances classified as toxins infiltrating into groundwater Water Pollution due to abnormal water shortage, g, etc Emergency measures & report of accidents Order to Change Plans Order remedy Order suspension Penalty Order to take measures related to purification Order to take emergency measures Order to take emergency measures Water Quality Monitoring At Public Water Area Domestic Water Control Total pollutant load control The government s Fundamental Policy in enclosed coastal seas for Reduction of Total Pollution Load Ministry of the Environment Measurement Program by prefectural government Designation of important areas by prefectural government Implementation of regular monitoring Announcement of monitoring results Establishment of plan for promotion of implementation of domestic wastewater measures by municipalities Establishment of Plan for Reduction of Total Pollution Load by prefectural governments and regulations 6 3

4 2. TOTAL POLLUTANT LOAD CONTROL SYSTEMS (TPLCS) Ministry of the Environment 7 What is TPLCS for Enclosed Coastal Seas? Concentration of Industry and Large Population Industrial Discharge Increased Activities Household Discharge Water Pollution Control Law, The law Concerning Special Measures for Conservation of the Environment of the Seto Inland Sea (Enacted in 1978) Increased Pollutant Sediment degradation Agricultural Discharge A system stem in order to prevent ent water pollution of enclosed coastal seas, where population and industries are concentrated. Loss of Fishery, aquaculture, sea-lane, etc. Seto Inland Sea Hiroshima Yamaguchi Fukuoka Ehime Ooita HyougoKyoto Okayama Osaka Nara Kagawa Tokushima Wakayama TPLC Area of Japan Hokkaido Honsyu Tokyo Bay Saitama a Chiba Tokyo Osaka Tokyo Kanagawa Photo: Mass mortality of Yellow-tail by Red Tide (Kagawa prefecture) note Boundary of Prefecture Boundary of TPLCS Area Ministry of the Environment 8 Kyusyu Okinawa Sikoku Mie Gifu Aichi 4

5 Outline of TPLCS TPLCS Policy (Minister of the Environment) Basic matters regarding to reduction schedule, reduction amount, etc. Water Pollution Control Law Article 4.2 Hearing to the Prefectural Governors Consult to Conference on Environmental Pollution Control Total Pollutant Load Reduction Plan Reduction method and amount for each sources (households, industrial, & others) Water Pollution Control Law Article 4.2 Minister s agreement with an advise of Conference on Environmental Pollution Control Standards of Regulation Maximum Allowable Loading = Concentration Volume of specified effluent (for specified facilities that s daily volume of effluent is more than 5m3) Reduction Guidance Guidance for small size and unregulated facilities. Guidance for agriculture and livestock industry Project Execution Maintain the Sewerage and Johkaso system. Sophistication project of Sewage Treatment. Ministry of the Environment 9 Pollutant Load Reduction from Inland Basic Policy Target year Target Items 1 st FY1984 COD 2 nd FY1989 COD 3 rd FY1994 COD 4 th FY1999 COD 5 th FY24 COD, N, P 6 th FY29 COD, N, P 7 th FY214 COD, N, P 1, 8 6 M Load (ton/day) COD M 4 2 Others Industrial Discharges Household Discharges 477 Tokyo Bay ,12 Seto Inland Sea '79 '84 '89 '94 '99 '4 '9 '14 '79 '84 '89 '94 '99 '4 '9 '14 '79 '84 '89 '94 '99 '4 '9 '14 Pollutant Load (COD Mn ) T N Load (ton/day) Remarks : 14 values = Target Amount others Industrial Discharges Household Discharges TokyoBay Seto Inland Sea T P Load (ton/day) Remarks : 14 values = Target Amount others Industrial Discharges Household Discharges 7 TokyoBay Seto Inland Sea '79 '84 '89 '94 '99 '4 '9 14 '14 '79 '84 '89 '94 '99 '4 '9 14 '14 '79 '84 '89 '94 '99 '4 '9 14 '14 Pollutant Load (N) '79 '84 '89 '94 '99 '4 '9 14 '14 '79 '84 '89 '94 '99 '4 '9 14 '14 '79 '84 '89 '94 '99 '4 '9 14 '14 Pollutant Load (P) Ministry of the Environment 1 5

6 Achievement rate of EQS and Transition of Red Tide incident EQS Achiev 環境基基準達成率 vement Ratio (%) (%) ccurences Nunber of Red Tide Oc COD Tokyo 東京湾 Bay 伊勢湾 Osaka 大阪湾 Bay 瀬戸内海 Seto Inland ( 大阪湾除く Sea ) S49 S51 S53 S55 S57 S59 S61 S63 H2 H4 H6 H8 H1H12H14H16H18H2 年度 Interim TPLCS start Tokyo Bay Seto Inland Sea 74% 72% 67% 56% '7 '72 '74 '76 '78 '8 '82 '84 '86 '88 '9 '92 '94 '96 '98 ' '2 '4 '6 Year Number of Red Tide Occurrences EQS Achiev 環境基基準達成率 vement Ratio (%) (%) 窒素 りん N P Tokyo 東京湾 Bay 伊勢湾 Osaka 大阪湾 Bay 瀬戸内海 Seto Inland ( 大阪湾除く Sea ) H7 H8 H9 H1 H11 H12 H13 H14 H15 H16 H17 H18 H19 H2 年度 ( 注 ) 窒素とりんともに環境基準を満足している際に達成とした Source: Ministry of the Environment 1982~1984 av. 26~28 av. COD Mn Distribution (Tokyo Bay) Ministry of the Environment 11 97% 86% 67% 5% Project aimed to support Implementation of TPLCS in Asia Serious water pollution problems in Asia To improve the water quality Introduce and Implement the TPLCS 29~21 Japan-China collaborative research on the TPLCS ( N, P ) Development of the Guidance for Implementing the TPLCS Promoting the application to Asian country Ministry of the Environment 12 6

7 3.THE GREAT EAST JAPAN EARTHQUAKE Ministry of the Environment 13 Overview of the Earthquake Mar :46 Epicenter: the Pacific Ocean near Japan Magnitude 9. 9 Big shake measured throughout Japan Legend Intensity 7 Intensity 6 upper Intensity 6 lower Intensity 5 upper Intensity 5 lower Intensity 4 Intensity 3 Intensity 2 Intensity 1 Distribution of seismic intensity Inside the MoE following the quake Ministry of the Environment 14 7

8 Overview of Tsunami Observed Tsunami over 9.3 meters high (at maximum) 561 km 2 flooded d Before and after Tsunami(Sendai-city, Miyagi Prefecture) A ship run onto the ground (Kesennuma-city, Miyagi Prefecture) Ministry of the Environment 15 The Damages The dead: 15,769 The missing: 4,227 Total: 19,996 The injured: 5,929 Evacuees: 82,945 (Otsuchi Town, Iwate) (As of Sep 6 211) Ministry of the Environment (Miyagi) (Iwaki City, Fukushima) 16 8

9 Major Effects Lifeline tremendously damaged (electricity, gas, water etc.) Transportation was largely crippled Many areas became isolated Widespread tsunami damage in many areas Damages on the nuclear power plant the planned evacuation zone the emergency evacuation preparation zone The evacuation zone Great unprecedented and complex disaster The evacuation zone, the planned evacuation zone and the emergency evacuation preparation zone surrounding the Fukushima No.1 nuclear power plant Ministry of the Environment 17 Toward Reconstruction Catastrophic situation due to the effects of the earthquakes, tsunami Make best efforts to help victims return to their normal lives Reconstruction of lifelines and infrastructure Assistance to rehabilitate the lives of the victims Measures against disaster waste Decontamination Ministry of the Environment 18 9